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a) Chứng minh được BĐT \(\frac{1}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)(*)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=b
Áp dụng BĐT (*) vào bài toán ta có:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{2x+y+z}=\frac{1}{x+y+x+y}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{x+z}\right)\\\frac{1}{x+2y+z}=\frac{1}{x+y+y+z}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}\right)\\\frac{1}{x+y+2z}=\frac{1}{x+y+z+z}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x+z}+\frac{1}{y+z}\right)\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\frac{1}{4}\cdot2\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{z+x}\right)\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT (*) ta có:
\(\frac{1}{x+y}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right);\frac{1}{y+z}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right);\frac{1}{z+x}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{x}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\frac{1}{4}\cdot2\cdot\frac{1}{4}\cdot2\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=1\)
\(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\le1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(x=y=z=\frac{3}{4}\)
b) áp dụng bđt \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)ta có:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{a+b-c}+\frac{1}{b+c-a}\ge\frac{4}{a+b-c+b+c-a}=\frac{4}{2b}=\frac{2}{b}\\\frac{1}{b+c-a}+\frac{1}{a+c-b}\ge\frac{4}{b+c-a+a+c-b}=\frac{4}{2c}=\frac{2}{c}\\\frac{1}{a+b-c}+\frac{1}{a+c-b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b-c+a+c-b}=\frac{4}{2a}=\frac{2}{a}\end{cases}}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT ta có:
\(2VT\ge\frac{2}{a}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{2}{c}=2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=2VP\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge VP\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> a=b=c
Áp dụng BĐT cho 2 số dương:
\(\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)
Xét: c + 1 = c + a + b + c
\(\frac{ab}{\left(c+1\right)}\le\frac{ab}{4}.\left[\frac{1}{\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(b+c\right)}\right]\)
Tương tự:
\(\frac{bc}{\left(a+1\right)}\le\frac{bc}{4}.\left[\frac{1}{\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(b+a\right)}\right]\)
\(\frac{ca}{\left(b+1\right)}\le\frac{ac}{4}.\left[\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(c+b\right)}\right]\)
Cộng lại:
\(\frac{ac}{\left(c+1\right)}+\frac{bc}{\left(a+1\right)}+\frac{ca}{\left(b+1\right)}\le\frac{1}{4}\left\{\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{ab}{\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{bc}{\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{bc}{\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{ac}{\left(a+b\right)}\right\}\)
Cộng lại + rút gọn mẫu số
\(\frac{ab}{\left(c+1\right)}+\frac{bc}{\left(a+1\right)}+\frac{ca}{b+1}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)=\frac{1}{4}\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi a = b = c
P/s: Sai đâu bạn sửa nhé!
\(VT=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{1}{a^2-ab+b^2}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{abc}{a^2-ab+b^2}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{abc}{\left(a-b\right)^2+ab}\)
\(\le\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{abc}{ab}=\Sigma_{cyc}c=a+b+c=VP\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
P/s: Mình dùng kí hiệu \(\Sigma_{cyc}\) cho gọn, khi làm bạn tự viết rõ ra.
(cách này ngắn hơn nè pham trung thanh) Vì a;b;c vai trò như nhau
Giả sử \(c\le a;b\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{4-c^2}+\frac{1}{4-c^2}+\frac{1}{4-c^2}=\frac{3}{4-c^2}\left(1\right)\)
Vì\(c\le a;b\Rightarrow c^4\le a^4;b^4\)
Mà \(a^4+b^4+c^4=3\)
\(\Rightarrow3\ge c^4+c^4+c^4=3c^4\)
\(\Rightarrow c^4\le1\Leftrightarrow c^2\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow4-c^2\ge3\Rightarrow\frac{3}{4-c^2}\le1\left(2\right)\)
từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow P\le1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
Ta có 2A=\(\frac{2}{4-ab}+\frac{2}{4-bc}+\frac{2}{4-ca}=1+1+1-\frac{2-ab}{4-ab}-\frac{2-bc}{4-bc}-\frac{2-ca}{4-ca}\)
=3-(..)
Mà \(\frac{2-ab}{4-ab}=\frac{\left(2-ab\right)\left(2+ab\right)}{\left(2+ab\right)\left(4-ab\right)}=\frac{4-a^2b^2}{8+2ab-a^2b^2}\)
Mà \(3=a^4+b^4+c^4\ge a^4+b^4\ge2a^2b^2\Rightarrow a^2b^2\le\frac{a^4+b^4}{2}\)
Mà \(8+2ab-a^2b^2=9-\left(ab-1\right)^1\le9\)
=>\(\frac{2-ab}{4-ab}\ge\frac{4-\frac{a^4+b^4}{2}}{9}=\frac{4}{9}-\frac{a^4+b^4}{18}\)
tương tự thì ..., rồi cộng lại, ta có
\(\frac{2-ab}{4-ab}+\frac{2-bc}{4-bc}+\frac{2-ca}{4-ca}\ge\frac{4}{3}-\frac{a^4+b^4+c^4}{9}=\frac{4}{3}-\frac{1}{3}=1\)
=>\(2A\le3-1=2\Rightarrow A\le1\)
^_^
\(A=\frac{1}{ab+b+1}+\frac{1}{bc+c+1}+\frac{1}{ca+a+1}\)
\(A=\frac{1}{ab+b+1}+\frac{ab}{abc.b+abc+ab}+\frac{b}{abc+ab+b}\)
Thay \(abc=1\) , ta có:
\(A=\frac{1}{ab+b+1}+\frac{ab}{b+1+ab}+\frac{b}{1+ab+b}=\frac{ab+b+1}{ab+b+1}=1\)
Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Thơ