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Bài 2:
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{c+a}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{a+b}}>2\)
Trước hết ta chứng minh \(\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}\ge\dfrac{2a}{a+b+c}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\sqrt{a\left(b+c\right)}\le\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\)\(\Rightarrow1\ge\dfrac{2\sqrt{a\left(b+c\right)}}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}\ge\dfrac{2a}{a+b+c}\). Ta lại có:
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{b+c}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a\left(b+c\right)}}\ge\dfrac{2a}{a+b+c}\)
Thiết lập các BĐT tương tự:
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{c+a}}\ge\dfrac{2b}{a+b+c};\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{a+b}}\ge\dfrac{2c}{a+b+c}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(VT\ge\dfrac{2a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{2b}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{2c}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}\ge2\)
Dấu "=" không xảy ra nên ta có ĐPCM
Lưu ý: lần sau đăng từng bài 1 thôi nhé !
1) Áp dụng liên tiếp bđt \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\) với a;b là 2 số dương ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}=\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+c\right)}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}}{4}\)\(\le\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}}{16}\)
TT: \(\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{c}}{16}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}}{16}\)
Cộng vế với vế ta được:
\(\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{16}.\left(\dfrac{4}{a}+\dfrac{4}{b}+\dfrac{4}{c}\right)=1\left(đpcm\right)\)
a: \(=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-1}{\sqrt{a}\left(a-\sqrt{a}+1\right)}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(a-\sqrt{a}+1\right)}{1}\)
\(=a-1\)
b: \(=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}-1}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}{2\sqrt{ab}}\cdot\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}-1}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}{2\sqrt{ab}}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{ab}+b+\sqrt{ab}-b}{\sqrt{a}\left(a-b\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}-1}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}}\)
c: \(=\dfrac{a\sqrt{b}+b}{a-b}\cdot\sqrt{\dfrac{ab+b^2-2b\sqrt{ab}}{a^2+2a\sqrt{b}+b}}\cdot\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{b}\left(a+\sqrt{b}\right)}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}\cdot\sqrt{\dfrac{b\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2}{\left(a+\sqrt{b}\right)^2}}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{b}\left(a+\sqrt{b}\right)}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{b}\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}{a+\sqrt{b}}=b\)
Chắc đề bị nhầm rồi.
\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{b+1}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{c+1}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{a+1}}\ge2\sqrt{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{3+b}+\dfrac{b}{3+c}+\dfrac{c}{3+a}\right)\)
\(\ge2\sqrt{2}.\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3\left(a+b+c\right)+\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge2\sqrt{2}.\dfrac{9}{9+\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}}=2\sqrt{2}.\dfrac{9}{12}=\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{2}}\)
a) vì ab > 0 nên chia cả hai vế Bất đẳng thức cho \(\sqrt{ab}\) ta được
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{c\left(a-c\right)}{ab}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c\left(b-c\right)}{ab}}\le1\)
Áp dụng Bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho hai số
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{b}\left(\dfrac{a-c}{a}\right)}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{a}\left(\dfrac{b-c}{b}\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{c}{b}+\dfrac{a-c}{a}\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{c}{a}+\dfrac{b-c}{b}\right)=1\)
vậy nên ta có đpcm
\(\frac{2005}{\sqrt{2006} }+\frac{2006}{\sqrt{2005} }>\sqrt{2005}+\sqrt{2006} \)
<=>\(2005\sqrt{2005}+2006\sqrt{2006}>2005\sqrt{2006}+2006\sqrt{2005} \)
<=>\(\sqrt{2006}<\sqrt{2005} \)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{a+b}-\sqrt{a-b}}=\dfrac{b}{\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)-\left(a-b\right)}{\sqrt{a+b}+\sqrt{a-b}}}\)
\(=\dfrac{b}{\dfrac{a+b-a+b}{\sqrt{a+b}+\sqrt{a-b}}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{a+b}+\sqrt{a-b}}{b}\)
Và \(\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{a+c}-\sqrt{a-c}}=\dfrac{c}{\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)-\left(a-c\right)}{\sqrt{a+c}+\sqrt{a-c}}}\)
\(=\dfrac{c}{\dfrac{a+c-a+c}{\sqrt{a+c}+\sqrt{a-c}}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{a+c}+\sqrt{a-c}}{c}\)
Từ \(a>b>c>0\) thì \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b>a+c\\a-b>a-c\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{a+b}>\sqrt{a+c}\\\sqrt{a-b}>\sqrt{a-c}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{a+b}+\sqrt{a-b}>\sqrt{a+c}+\sqrt{a-c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{a+b}+\sqrt{a-b}}{b}< \dfrac{\sqrt{a+c}+\sqrt{a-c}}{c}\left(b>c>0\right)\)
Hay ta có ĐPCM
\(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{a+b}-\sqrt{a-b}}=\dfrac{b}{\dfrac{a+b-a-b}{\sqrt{a+b}+\sqrt{a-b}}}=\dfrac{b}{\dfrac{0}{\sqrt{a+b}+\sqrt{a-b}}}\rightarrow\varnothing\)
Lời giải:
Đặt \(\left ( \sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c}},\sqrt{\frac{b}{a+c}},\sqrt{\frac{c}{a+b}} \right )=(x,y,z)\)
\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x^2=\frac{a}{b+c}\\ y^2=\frac{b}{a+c}\\ z^2=\frac{c}{a+b}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \frac{1}{x^2+1}+\frac{1}{y^2+1}+\frac{1}{z^2+1}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (1-\frac{1}{x^2+1})+(1-\frac{1}{y^2+1})+(1-\frac{1}{z^2+1})=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{x^2}{x^2+1}+\frac{y^2}{y^2+1}+\frac{z^2}{z^2+1}=1\)
BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương:
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\geq 2(x+y+z)(\star)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\(\left ( \frac{x^2}{x^2+1}+\frac{y^2}{y^2+1}+\frac{z^2}{z^2+1} \right )(x^2+1+y^2+1+z^2+1)\geq (x+y+z)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+1+y^2+1+z^2+1\geq (x+y+z)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+xz\leq \frac{3}{2}\)
Kết hợp với hệ quả của BĐT AM-GM :
\((xy+yz+xz)^2\geq 3xyz(x+y+z)\)
\(\Rightarrow xy+yz+xz\geq \frac{3xyz(x+y+z)}{xy+yz+xz}\geq \frac{3xyz(x+y+z)}{\frac{3}2{}}=2xyz(x+y+z)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\geq \frac{2xyz(x+y+z)}{xyz}=2(x+y+z)\)
Do đó BĐT \((\star)\) được chứng minh.
Bài toán hoàn thành. Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Ta có \(\Sigma\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}=\Sigma\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a\left(b+c\right)}}\)
Theo AM-GM ta có
\(\Sigma\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a\left(b+c\right)}}\ge\Sigma\dfrac{a}{\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}}=\Sigma\dfrac{2a}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\)
dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=b+c\\b=a+c\\c=a+b\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow a+b+c=2\left(a+b+c\right)\Rightarrow1=2\) (vô lí)
nên\(\Sigma\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}>2\)
Theo bất đẳng thức cô si, có:
\(\sqrt{1.\dfrac{b+c}{a}}\le\left(1+\dfrac{b+c}{a}\right):2=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2a}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}\ge\dfrac{2a}{a+b+c}~~~~~\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{c+a}}\ge\dfrac{2b}{a+b+c}~~~~~\left(2\right)\)
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{a+b}}\ge\dfrac{2c}{a+b+c}~~~~~\left(3\right)\)
Cộng vế theo vế \(\left(1\right);\left(2\right);\left(3\right)\), ta có:
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{a+c}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{a+b}}\ge\dfrac{2a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{2b}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{2c}{a+b+c}=2\)
Áp dụng BĐT phụ:
\(3\left(a^2+a^2+b^2\right)\ge\left(2a+b\right)^2\)
P=\(\sum\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{2a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{3}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}P=\sum\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{3\left(a^2+a^2+b^2\right)}+3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}P\le\sum\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(2a+b\right)^2}+a+b+c}=\sum\dfrac{a}{3a+2b+c}\)
Xét M=\(\sum\dfrac{a}{3a+2b+c}\)
\(3-3M=\sum\dfrac{2b+c}{3a+2b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(3-3M=\sum\dfrac{\left(2b+c\right)^2}{\left(3a+2b+c\right)\left(2b+c\right)}\ge\)\(\dfrac{\left(3a+3b+3c\right)^2}{\sum\left(3a+2b+c\right)\left(2b+c\right)}\)
Mà
\(\sum\left(3a+2b+c\right)\left(2b+c\right)=5a^2+5b^2+5c^2+13ab+13bc+13ac=5\left(a+b+c\right)^2+3\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\le5\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(3-3M\ge\dfrac{\left(3a+3b+3c\right)^2}{6\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{9}{6}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(M\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}P\le\dfrac{1}{2}\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)
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