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1.
\(P=\frac{a^4}{abc}+\frac{b^4}{abc}+\frac{c^4}{abc}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{3abc}=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}{3abc\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(P\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right).3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}.3\sqrt[3]{abc}}{3abc\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{a+b+c}\)
Dấu "=" khi \(a=b=c\)
2.
\(P=\sum\frac{a^2}{ab+2ac+3ad}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{4\left(ab+ac+ad+bc+bd+cd\right)}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{4.\frac{3}{8}\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}=\frac{2}{3}\)
Dấu "=" khi \(a=b=c=d\)
Xí trước phần b
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{abc}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{abc}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{abc}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{bc}{a^2b+ca^2}+\frac{ca}{b^2c+ab^2}+\frac{ab}{c^2a+bc^2}\)
\(=\frac{b^2c^2}{a^2b^2c+a^2bc^2}+\frac{c^2a^2}{ab^2c^2+a^2b^2c}+\frac{a^2b^2}{a^2bc^2+ab^2c^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(bc\right)^2}{ab+ca}+\frac{\left(ca\right)^2}{bc+ab}+\frac{\left(ab\right)^2}{ca+bc}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(bc+ca+ab\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(a=b=c=1\)
Cách làm khác của phần b ngắn gọn hơn:)
Ta có; \(\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{1}{a^2}}{a\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{\frac{1}{b^2}}{b\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{\frac{1}{c^2}}{c\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}\right)^2}{ab+ca}+\frac{\left(\frac{1}{b}\right)^2}{bc+ab}+\frac{\left(\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{ca+bc}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{\left(\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: a = b = c = 1
\(\frac{a}{1+b^2}=a-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}\ge a-\frac{ab^2}{2b}=a-\frac{ab}{2}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{b}{1+c^2}\ge b-\frac{bc}{2}\) ; \(\frac{c}{1+a^2}\ge c-\frac{ac}{2}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(VT\ge a+b+c-\frac{1}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge3-\frac{1}{6}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3-\frac{9}{6}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Ta có: \(\frac{a}{1+b^2}=a\left(\frac{1}{1+b^2}\right)=a\left(1-\frac{b^2}{1+b^2}\right)\)
Theo Cô si: \(1+b^2\ge2\sqrt{1b^2}=2b\)
Nên \(\frac{a}{1+b^2}\ge a\left(1-\frac{b^2}{2b}\right)=a\left(1-\frac{b}{2}\right)=a\left(\frac{2-b}{2}\right)=\frac{2a-ab}{2}\)
Thiết lập 2 BĐT tương tự và cộng theo vế suy ra:
\(VT\ge\frac{2a-ab}{2}+\frac{2b-bc}{2}+\frac{2c-ca}{2}\)
\(=\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2}\)\(=3-\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\)
Ta có BĐT \(3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\le\left(a+b+c\right)^2\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\le\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\) (tự c/m,không làm được ib)
Suy ra \(VT\ge3-\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\ge3-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2}=3-\frac{\left(\frac{9}{3}\right)}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=b=c\\a+b+c=3\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Chứng minh bất đẳng thức \(\frac{a^2}{x}+\frac{b^2}{y}+\frac{c^2}{z}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{x+y+z}\)
Có: \(\left[\left(\frac{a}{\sqrt{x}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{b}{\sqrt{y}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{c}{\sqrt{z}}\right)^2\right]\left(\sqrt{x}^2+\sqrt{y}^2+\sqrt{z}^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\) (Bunyakovsky)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{x}+\frac{b^2}{y}+\frac{c^2}{z}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{x+y+z}\)
abc = 1 => a^2.b^2.c^2 = 1
\(\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}=\frac{a^2b^2c^2}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{a^2b^2c^2}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{a^2b^2c^2}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(bc\right)^2}{ab+ac}+\frac{\left(ac\right)^2}{bc+ba}+\frac{\left(ab\right)^2}{ca+cb}\ge\frac{\left(ab+ac+bc\right)^2}{2\left(ab+ac+bc\right)}=\frac{\left(ab+ac+bc\right)}{2}\)
\(\ge\frac{3\sqrt[3]{ab.ac.bc}}{2}\)(Cauchy) \(=\frac{3\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=b=c\\\frac{bc}{ab+ac}=\frac{ac}{bc+ba}+\frac{ab}{ca+cb}\Leftrightarrow\end{cases}a=b=c}\)
Mà abc=1 <=> a^3 = 1 <=> a=1 => b=c=a=1
https://diendantoanhoc.net/topic/80159-ch%E1%BB%A9ng-minh-frac1a2b3cfrac12a3bcfrac13bb2c-leqslant-frac316/
bạn tham khảo ở đây nhé
Tự nhiên lục được cái này :'(
3. Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có :
\(\frac{1}{a+b-c}+\frac{1}{b+c-a}\ge\frac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{a+b-c+b+c-a}=\frac{4}{2b}=\frac{2}{b}\)
\(\frac{1}{b+c-a}+\frac{1}{c+a-b}\ge\frac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{b+c-a+c+a-b}=\frac{4}{2c}=\frac{2}{c}\)
\(\frac{1}{a+b-c}+\frac{1}{c+a-b}\ge\frac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{a+b-c+c+a-b}=\frac{4}{2a}=\frac{2}{a}\)
Cộng theo vế ta có điều phải chứng minh
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> a = b = c
Ta có \(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}\ge\frac{3}{a^2b}\)
\(\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}\ge\frac{3}{b^2c}\)
..............................
=> \(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}+\frac{1}{d^3}\ge\frac{1}{a^2b}+\frac{1}{b^2c}+\frac{1}{c^2d}+\frac{1}{d^2a}\left(1\right)\)
Áp dụng bđt cosi ta có
\(\frac{a^2}{b^5}+\frac{1}{a^2b}\ge\frac{2}{b^3}\)
\(\frac{b^2}{c^5}+\frac{1}{b^2c}\ge\frac{2}{c^3}\)
\(\frac{c^2}{d^5}+\frac{1}{c^2d}\ge\frac{2}{d^3}\)
\(\frac{d^2}{a^5}+\frac{1}{d^2a}\ge\frac{2}{a^3}\)
Cộng vế của các bđt trên và kết hợp với (1)
=> ĐPCM
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=c
a,b,c > 0 nên 2a + b >0; 2b + c > 0; 2c + a > 0
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy- schwarz:
\(VT=\text{Σ}_{cyc}\frac{1}{2a+b}\ge\frac{9}{3\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{3}{a+b+c}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b = c
a/Xét hiệu ta có: \(\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{b}-a^2-ab=\left(a+b\right)\left(\frac{a^2-ab+b^2}{b}\right)-a\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(\frac{a^2}{b}-2a+b\right)=\left(a+b\right)\left(\frac{a}{\sqrt{b}}+\sqrt{b}\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\RightarrowĐPCM\)
b/Tương tự ở câu a, ta cũng có:
\(\frac{a^3}{b}\ge a^2+ab-b^2\left(1\right),\frac{b^3}{c}\ge b^2+bc-c^2\left(2\right),\frac{c^3}{a}\ge c^2+ca-a^2\left(3\right)\)
Cộng (1),(2) và (3) \(VT\ge a^2+ab-b^2+b^2+bc-c^2+C^2+bc-a^2=ab+bc+ca\left(ĐPCM\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cô si
\(\frac{1}{a^3}+1+1\ge\frac{3}{a}\)
\(\frac{a^3}{b^3}+1+1\ge3\frac{a}{b}\)
\(b^3+1+1\ge3b\)
Do đó \(VT+6\ge VP+2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{a}{b}+b\right)\ge VP+2.3=VP+6\Rightarrow VT\ge VP\left(đpcm\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho 3 số ta được:
\(\frac{1}{a^3}+1+1\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{a^3}\cdot1\cdot1}=\frac{3}{a}\)
\(\frac{a^3}{b^3}+1+1\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^3}{b^3}\cdot1\cdot1}=\frac{3a}{b}\)
\(b^3+1+1\ge3\sqrt[3]{b^3\cdot1\cdot1}=3b\)
Cộng vế 3 BĐT trên lại ta được:
\(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{a^3}{b^3}+b^3+6\ge3\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{a}{b}+b\right)\)
Mà \(3\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{a}{b}+b\right)=\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{a}{b}+b\right)+2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{a}{b}+b\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{a}{b}+b+2\cdot3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{a}\cdot\frac{a}{b}\cdot b}=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{a}{b}+b+6\) (Cauchy)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{a^3}{b^3}+b^3+6\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{a}{b}+b+6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{a^3}{b^3}+b^3\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{a}{b}+b\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(\frac{1}{a}=\frac{a}{b}=b\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a^2=b\\b^2=a\end{cases}}\Rightarrow a=b=1\)