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gt <=> \(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}=1\)
Đặt: \(\frac{1}{a}=x;\frac{1}{b}=y;\frac{1}{c}=z\)
=> Thay vào thì \(VT=\frac{\frac{1}{xy}}{\frac{1}{z}\left(1+\frac{1}{xy}\right)}+\frac{1}{\frac{yz}{\frac{1}{x}\left(1+\frac{1}{yz}\right)}}+\frac{1}{\frac{zx}{\frac{1}{y}\left(1+\frac{1}{zx}\right)}}\)
\(VT=\frac{z}{xy+1}+\frac{x}{yz+1}+\frac{y}{zx+1}=\frac{x^2}{xyz+x}+\frac{y^2}{xyz+y}+\frac{z^2}{xyz+z}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+3xyz}\)
Có BĐT x, y, z > 0 thì \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\ge9xyz\)Ta thay \(xy+yz+zx=1\)vào
=> \(x+y+z\ge9xyz=>\frac{x+y+z}{3}\ge3xyz\)
=> Từ đây thì \(VT\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\frac{x+y+z}{3}}=\frac{3}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)\ge\frac{3}{4}.\sqrt{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\frac{3}{4}.\sqrt{3}=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\)
=> Ta có ĐPCM . "=" xảy ra <=> x=y=z <=> \(a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz, ta được:
\(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=\left(1^2+1^2+1^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\le3.3=9\)hay \(a+b+c\le3\)(do \(a^2+b^2+c^2=3\))
Theo bất đẳng thức Mincopxki và bất đẳng thức Bunyakovsky dạng phân thức, ta được:
\(\sqrt{\frac{9}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+c^2}+\sqrt{\frac{9}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+a^2}+\sqrt{\frac{9}{\left(c+a\right)^2}+b^2}\)
\(\ge\sqrt{9\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)^2+\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)
\(\ge\sqrt{9\left[\frac{9}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}\right]^2+\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)
Đến đây, ta cần chứng minh rằng: \(\sqrt{9\left[\frac{9}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}\right]^2+\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt{13}}{2}\)(*)
Đặt \(t=a+b+c\Rightarrow0< t\le3\)
Khi đó, (*) trở thành \(\sqrt{9\left(\frac{9}{2t}\right)^2+t^2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt{13}}{2}\Leftrightarrow9\left(\frac{9}{2t}\right)^2+t^2\ge\frac{117}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(t-3\right)\left(2t-9\right)\left(t+3\right)\left(2t+9\right)}{4t^2}\ge0\)(đúng với mọi \(0< t\le3\))
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1
1. Áp dụng Min - cốp - ski, ta được: \(\sqrt{\frac{9}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+c^2}+\sqrt{\frac{9}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+a^2}+\sqrt{\frac{9}{\left(c+a\right)^2}+b^2}\)\(\ge\sqrt{\left(\frac{3}{a+b}+\frac{3}{b+c}+\frac{3}{c+a}\right)^2+\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)\(\ge\sqrt{\left(\frac{27}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}\right)^2+\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)(Bunyakovsky dạng phân thức)
Đặt \(t=a+b+c\le\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=3\)thì ta cần chứng minh: \(\sqrt{\frac{729}{4t^2}+t^2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt{13}}{2}\Leftrightarrow\frac{729}{4t^2}+t^2\ge\frac{117}{4}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(t+3\right)\left(t-3\right)\left(2t+9\right)\left(2t-9\right)}{4t^2}\ge0\)*đúng bởi \(t-3\le0;t+3>0;2t+9>0;2t-9< 0;4t^2>0\)*
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi t = 3 hay a = b = c = 1
2. Ta có: \(\frac{4x^2y^2}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2}+\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2}-3=\frac{\left(x^2-y^2\right)^2\left(x^4+y^4+x^2y^2\right)}{x^2y^2\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2}\ge0\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{4x^2y^2}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2}+\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2}\ge3\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y
3.
\(5a^2+2ab+2b^2=\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(4a^2+4ab+b^2\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(2a+b\right)^2\ge\left(2a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{5a^2+2ab+2b^2}\ge2a+b\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{5a^2+2ab+2b^2}}\le\frac{1}{2a+b}\)
Tương tự \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{5b^2+2bc+2c^2}}\le\frac{1}{2b+c};\frac{1}{\sqrt{5c^2+2ca+2a^2}}\le\frac{1}{2c+a}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2a+b}+\frac{1}{2b+c}+\frac{1}{2c+a}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\le\frac{1}{3}.\sqrt{3\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)}=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow MaxP=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\)
2a)với a,b,c là các số thực ta có
\(a^2-ab+b^2=\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}\ge\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2}=\frac{1}{2}\left|a+b\right|\)
tương tự \(\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left|b+c\right|\)
tương tự \(\sqrt{c^2-ca+a^2}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left|a+c\right|\)
cộng từng vế mỗi BĐT ta được \(\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2-ca+a^2}\ge\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{2}=a+b+c\)
dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a=b=c
Đặt \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(x^3;y^3;z^3\right)\Rightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3=2\)
Ta có: \(x^3+\frac{2}{3}+\frac{2}{3}\ge3\sqrt[3]{x^3.\frac{4}{9}}=\sqrt[3]{12}x\)
Tương tự: \(y^3+\frac{2}{3}+\frac{2}{3}\ge\sqrt[3]{12}y\); \(z^3+\frac{2}{3}+\frac{2}{3}\ge\sqrt[3]{12}z\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3+4\ge\sqrt[3]{12}\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z\le\frac{6}{\sqrt[3]{12}}=\sqrt[3]{18}\)
Ta có: \(P=\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge\frac{9}{x+y+z}\ge\frac{9}{\sqrt[3]{18}}=\frac{3\sqrt[3]{12}}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\sqrt[3]{\frac{2}{3}}\) hay \(a=b=c=\frac{2}{3}\)
Bunhiacopxkhi \(\left(a^2+b+c\right)\left(1+b+c\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\left(a^2+b+c\right)\left(1+b+c\right)}\ge a+b+c\)
Ta có:\(A=\frac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+b+c}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+c+a}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+a+b}}\le\frac{a\sqrt{1+b+c}+b\sqrt{1+c+a}+c\sqrt{1+a+b}}{a+b+c}\)\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{3}A=\frac{\sqrt{3a}\sqrt{a+ab+ac}+\sqrt{3b}\sqrt{b+bc+ba}+\sqrt{3c}\sqrt{c+ca+cb}}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{3}A\le\frac{4a+ab+ac+4b+bc+ba+4c+ca+cb}{a+b+c}=\frac{4\left(a+b+c\right)+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{3}A\le\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)+\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}}{a+b+c}=\frac{6+a+b+c}{3}\le\frac{9}{3}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le\sqrt{3}\)
Áp dụng bđt Holder, ta có:
\(\left(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{b^2+c^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{c^2+a^2}}\right).\left(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{b^2+c^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{c^2+a^2}}\right)\left[a^2b^2\left(a^2+b^2\right)+b^2c^2\left(b^2+c^2\right)+c^2a^2\left(c^2+a^2\right)\right]\ge\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^3=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^3}{8}\)
=>\(VT^2\ge\frac{1}{8}.\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^3}{a^2b^4+a^4b^2+b^2c^4+b^4c^2+c^2a^4+c^4a^2}\)
Đặt a2=x, b2=y, c2=z
=>\(VT^2\ge\frac{1}{8}.\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^3}{x^2y+xy^2+y^2z+y^2z+z^2x+zx^2}\)(1)
Theo bđt Schur, ta có:
\(x\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)+y\left(y-z\right)\left(y-x\right)+z\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)\ge0\)
<=>\(x^3+y^3+z^3+3xyz\ge x^2y+xy^2+y^2z+y^2z+z^2x+zx^2\)
<=>\(x^3+y^3+z^3+6xyz+3\left(x^2y+xy^2+y^2z+y^2z+z^2x+zx^2\right)\ge4.\left(x^2y+xy^2+y^2z+y^2z+z^2x+zx^2\right)+3xyz\)
Vì \(xyz=\left(abc\right)^2\ge0\)
=>\(\left(x+y+z\right)^3\ge4\left(x^2y+xy^2+y^2z+y^2z+z^2x+zx^2\right)\)
=>\(\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^3}{x^2y+xy^2+y^2z+y^2z+z^2x+zx^2}\ge4\)
Thay vào (1)=>\(VT^2\ge\frac{1}{2}=>VT\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)
=>ĐPCM
a,b,c>=0 mới được nhé
Đặt biểu thức là A
\(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}}=\frac{\sqrt{ab\left(a^2+b^2\right)}}{a^2+b^2}>=\frac{\sqrt{2abab}}{a^2}=\frac{\sqrt{2}ab}{a^2+b^2}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi có một trong 2 số a,b =0 hoặc a=b.
Tương tự=> A>=\(\frac{\sqrt{2}ab}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{\sqrt{2}bc}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{\sqrt{2}ca}{a^2+c^2}\)
\(\sqrt{2}A>=\frac{2ab}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{2bc}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{2ca}{c^2+a^2}\)
\(\sqrt{2}A+3>=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{\left(c+a\right)^2}{c^2+a^2}.\)
>=\(\frac{\left(2a+2b+2c\right)^2}{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=\frac{4\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca}=4.\)
=>A>=1/căn 2
Dấu = xảy ra khi 2 số bằng nhau, một số =0