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Ta có
\(\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{6^2}+\frac{1}{8^2}+...+\frac{1}{\left(2n\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2^2}\left(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right).n}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}.\left(1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{n-1}-\frac{1}{n}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}.\left(1-\frac{1}{n}\right)< \frac{1}{4}.1=\frac{1}{4}\)
=> ĐPCM
Ta có :
\(M=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow M< \frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}\)
\(M< 1-\frac{1}{n}\)
Mà \(1-\frac{1}{n}< 1\)nên M < 1
Vậy ...
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{2^2}< \frac{1}{1.2}=1-\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{3^2}< \frac{1}{2.3}=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}\)
........
\(\frac{1}{n^2}< \frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}=\frac{1}{n-1}-\frac{1}{n}\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}< 1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{n-1}-\frac{1}{n}=1-\frac{1}{n}=\frac{n-1}{n}< 1\) (đpcm)
\(B=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{6^2}+...+\frac{1}{\left(2n\right)^2}\)
\(2B=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{6^2}+\frac{1}{6^2}+...+\frac{1}{\left(2n\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(2n\right)^2}\)
\(< \frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{5^2}+\frac{1}{6^2}+...+\frac{1}{\left(2n-1\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(2n\right)^2}\)
\(< \frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{4.5}+\frac{1}{5.6}+...+\frac{1}{\left(2n-2\right)\left(2n-1\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(2n-1\right)2n}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{6}+...+\frac{1}{2n-1}-\frac{1}{2n}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{2n}< 1\)
Suy ra \(B< \frac{1}{2}\).
Xét \(x^n-x=x\left(x^{n-1}-1\right)\)
Vì \(0< x< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow x^{n-1}-1< 0;x>0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^n-x< 0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^n< x\)
\(a,M=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}\)
\(M< \dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}\)
\(M< 1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{n-1}-\dfrac{1}{n}\)
\(M< 1-\dfrac{1}{n}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow M< 1\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(b,N=\dfrac{1}{4^2}+\dfrac{1}{6^6}+\dfrac{1}{8^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(2n\right)^2}\)
\(N< \dfrac{1}{3.5}+\dfrac{1}{5.7}+\dfrac{1}{7.9}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(2n-1\right)\left(2n+1\right)}\)
\(N< \dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{7}+\dfrac{1}{7}-\dfrac{1}{9}+...+\dfrac{1}{2n-1}-\dfrac{1}{2n+1}\)
\(N< \dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{2n+1}< \dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(c,\) Vì \(a< b\Rightarrow2a< a+b\)
\(c< d\Rightarrow2c< c+d\)
\(m< n\Rightarrow2m< m+n\)
\(\Rightarrow2a+2c+2m=2.\left(a+c+m\right)< a+b+c+d+m+n\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+c+m}{a+b+c+d+m}< \dfrac{1}{2}\)
Ta có :
\(A=\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{6^2}+\frac{1}{8^2}+...+\frac{1}{\left(2n\right)^2}\)
\(A=\frac{1}{2^2}\left(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}\right)< \frac{1}{2^2}\left(\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}\right)\)
\(A< \frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{n-1}-\frac{1}{n}\right)=\frac{1}{4}\left(1-\frac{1}{n}\right)\)
\(A< \frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{4n}\)
Lại có \(n>0\) nên \(\frac{1}{4n}>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{4n}< \frac{1}{4}\)
Vậy \(A< \frac{1}{4}\)
A=1/2^2(1/2^2+1/3^2+...+1/n^2)<1/4[(1/(1.2)+1/(2.3)+...+1/(n-1).n]=1/4(1-1/n) {n lon hon hoac bang 2}. Suy ra 1-1/n<0. Suy ra A<1/4