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CH3COOH + Mg ---> CH3COOMg + 1/2H2
(mol) 0,026 0,026 0,013
a) nCH3COOMg = 2,13 : 83 = 0,026 mol
=> C\(_M\)CH3COOH = 0,026 : 0,02 = 1,3 M
b) V\(_{H2}\)= 0,013 . 22,4 = 0,2912(lit)
c) CH3COOH + NaOH ----> CH3COONa + H2O
1.
\(PTHH:2CH_3COOH+Mg\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Mg+H_2\)
\(n_{Mg}=\frac{7,2}{24}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{CH3COOH}=\frac{120.20}{100}=24\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{CH3COOH}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT:
\(n_{\left(CH3COO\right)2Mg}=\frac{1}{2}n_{CH3COOH}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{\left(CH3COO\right)2Mg}=28,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd_{spu}}=7,2+120-0,4=126,8\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{CH3COOMg}=22,3\%\)
2.
\(PTHH:CH_3COOH+NaOH\rightarrow CH_3COONa+H_2O\)
Ta có :
\(m_{CH3COH}=\frac{15.120}{100}=18\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{CH3COOH}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{NaOH}=\frac{20.100}{100}=20g\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT thì NaOH dư
\(n_{CH3COONa}=n_{CH3COOH}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CH3COONa}=24,6\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{dd\left(spu\right)}=120+100=220\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{CH3COONa}=11,2\%\)
3.
\(n_{CaO}=\frac{14}{56}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{CH3COOH}=\frac{200.18}{100}=36\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{CH3COOH}=\frac{36}{60}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:2CH_3COOH+CaO\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Ca+H_2O\)
Lập tỉ lệ: \(\frac{0,25}{1}< \frac{0,6}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) CaO hết. CH3COOH dư
\(n_{CH3COOH_{dư}}=0,6-0,25.2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{dd\left(thu.duoc\right)}=14+200=214\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{\left(CH3COO\right)2Na}=\frac{0,25.158}{214}.100\%=18,46\%\)
\(C\%_{CH3COOH_{dư}}=\frac{0,1.60}{214}.100\%=2,8\%\)
4.
\(m_{Na2CO3}=\frac{42,4.10}{100}=4,24\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Na2CO3}=\frac{4,24}{106}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{CO2}=\frac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:2CH_2COOH+Na_2CO_3\rightarrow2CH_3COONa+H_2O+CO_2\)
_______0,04 ___________ 0,02 ____________ 0,04 __________ 0,02
Sau phản ứng Na2CO3 dư.
\(n_{Na2CO3_{dư}}=0,04-0,02=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{dd\left(CH3COOH\right)}=\frac{2,4.100}{5}.100\%=48\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{dd\left(Spu\right)}=m_{dd\left(Na2CO3\right)}+m_{dd_{Axit}}-m_{CO2}\)
\(=42,4+48-0,02.44=89,52\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{CH3COOH}=0,04.60=2,4\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{Na2CO3\left(dư\right)}=\frac{0,02.106}{89,52}.100\%=2,37\%\)
\(C\%_{CH3COONa}=\frac{0,04.82}{89,52}.100\%=3,66\%\)
Câu 3:
CH3CH2OH viết gọn lại thành C2H5OH
\(n_{CH3COOH}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{C2H5OH}=\frac{6,9}{46}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{CH3COOC2H5}=0,075\left(mol\right)\)
\(\frac{n_{CH3COOH}}{1}< \frac{n_{C2H5OH}}{1}\left(0,1< 0,15\right)\)nên hiệu xuất được tính theo CH3COOH
\(PTHH:C_2H_5+CH_3COOH\rightarrow CH_3COOC_2H_5+H_2O\)
\(H=\frac{n_{CH3COOC2H5}.100}{n_{CH3COOH}}=\frac{0,075.100}{0,1}=75\%\)
Câu 4:
Ta có:
\(V_{C2H5OH}=\frac{8,4}{0,8}=10,5\left(l\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H2O}=300.1=300\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{C2H5OH}=\frac{8,4}{8,4+300}.100\%=2,7\%\)
\(D_r=\frac{10,5}{10,5+300}.100\%=3,38^o\)
Xét cho hợp lí thì cách giải như vậy không hoàn hảo. Nhưng không thể làm khác được và đề không hề sai.
\(2CH_3COOH\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)+Zn--->\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Zn+H_2\left(\dfrac{1}{6}\right)\)\(\left(1\right)\)
\(m_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{10.200}{100}=20\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(mol\right)\)
\(Theo\left(1\right):n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{6}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}\left(đktc\right)=3,73\left(l\right)\)
\(C_2H_5OH\left(\dfrac{1}{6}\right)+O_2-t^o->CH_3COOH\left(\dfrac{1}{6}\right)+H_2O\)\(\left(2\right)\)
\(Theo\left(2\right):n_{C_2H_5OH}\left(lt\right)=\dfrac{1}{6}\left(mol\right)\)
Vì \(H=80\%\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{C_2H_5OH}\left(tt\right)=\dfrac{5}{24}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{C_2H_5OH}=13,33\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{13,33}{0,8}=16,6625\left(l\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddC_2H_5OH}\left(15^o\right)=\dfrac{16,6625.100}{15}=111,08\left(l\right)\)
a) n Zn = 6,5/65 = 0,1(mol)
Zn + 2CH3COOH $\to$ (CH3COO)2Zn + H2
Theo PTHH :
n CH3COOH = 2n Zn =0,2(mol)
C% CH3COOH = 0,2.60/200 .100% = 6%
b) n H2 = n Zn = 0,1(mol)
=> m dd sau pư = 6,5 + 200 - 0,1.2 = 206,3 gam
Theo PTHH : n (CH3COO)2Zn = n Zn = 0,1(mol)
=> C% (CH3COO)2Zn = 0,1.183/206,3 .100% = 8,87%
c)
C2H5OH + O2 $\xrightarrow{men\ giấm}$ CH3COOH + H2O
n C2H5OH pư = n CH3COOH = 0,2(mol)
=> m C2H5OH cần dùng = 0,2.46/80% = 11,5 gam
a) nZn=0,1(mol)
PTHH: Zn + 2 CH3COOH -> (CH3COO)2Zn + H2
0,1_______0,2_________0,1_____________0,1(mol)
mCH3COOH=0,2.60=12(g)
=> C%ddCH3COOH=(12/200).100=6%
b) mdd(CH3COO)2Zn= 6,5+200-0,1.2=206,3(g)
m(CH3COO)2Zn= 183 x 0,1=18,3(g)
=>C%dd(CH3COO)2Zn= (18,3/206,3).100=8,871%
c) C2H5OH + O2 -men giấm-> CH3COOH + H2O
nC2H5OH(LT)=nCH3COOH=0,2(mol)
=> nC2H5OH(TT)=0,2 : 80%= 0,25(mol)
=>mC2H5OH=0,25 x 46= 11,5(g)