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\(n_K=\dfrac{15,6}{39}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6,4}{32}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
a. PTHH: \(4K+O_2-t^o->2K_2O\)
b. Theo PTHH và đề bài ta lập tỉ lệ:
\(\dfrac{0,4}{4}=0,1< \dfrac{0,2}{1}\Rightarrow\) \(O_2\) dư. K hết => tính theo \(n_K\)
Theo PT: \(n_{O_2\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{0,4.1}{4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,2-0,1=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
c. Theo PT ta có: \(n_{K_2O}=\dfrac{0,4.2}{4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{K_2O}=0,2.94=18,8\left(g\right)\)
a) \(2C_6H_6+15O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}12CO_2+6H_2O\)
b) \(n_{C6H6}=\frac{7,8}{78}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(2C_6H_6+15O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}12CO_2+6H_2O\)
0,1_______0,75__0,6_______0,3(mol)
\(m_{CO2}=0,6.44=26,4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H2O}=0,3.18=5,4\left(g\right)\)
a) C6H6 + 15/2O2 -----> 6CO2 + 3H2O
b) n C6H6=7,8/78=0,1(mol)
Theo pthh
n CO2=6n C6H6=0,6(mol)
m CO2=0,6.44=26,4(g)
n H2O=3n C6H6=0,3(mol)
m H2O=0,3.18=5,4(g)
\(1,2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(2Mg+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2MgO\)
\(2Cu+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CuO\)
\(S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2Al_2O_3\)
\(C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(2,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(a,n_{O_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=8,8\left(g\right)\)
\(b,n_C=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=13,2\left(g\right)\)
c, Vì\(\frac{0,3}{1}>\frac{0,2}{1}\)nên C phản ửng dư, O2 phản ứng hết, Bài toán tính theo O2
\(n_{O_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=8,8\left(g\right)\)
\(3,PTHH:CH_4+2O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2+2H_2O\)
\(C_2H_2+\frac{5}{2}O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CO_2+H_2O\)
\(C_2H_6O+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CO_2+3H_2O\)
\(4,a,PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(n_P=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=1,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=38,4\left(g\right)\)
\(b,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(n_C=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=80\left(g\right)\)
\(c,PTHH:4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2Al_2O_3\)
\(n_{Al}=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=1,875\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=60\left(g\right)\)
\(d,PTHH:2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(TH_1:\left(đktc\right)n_{H_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=0,75\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=24\left(g\right)\)
\(TH_2:\left(đkt\right)n_{H_2}=1,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=0,7\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=22,4\left(g\right)\)
\(5,PTHH:S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=0,46875\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{SO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Vì\(0,46875>0,3\left(n_{O_2}>n_{SO_2}\right)\)nên S phản ứng hết, bài toán tính theo S.
\(a,\Rightarrow n_S=n_{SO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_S=9,6\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=0,16875\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=5,4\left(g\right)\)
\(6,a,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_C=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_C=18\left(g\right)\)
\(b,PTHH:2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0,75\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=1,5\left(g\right)\)
\(c,PTHH:S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_S=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_S=48\left(g\right)\)
\(d,PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_P=1,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_P=37,2\left(g\right)\)
\(7,n_{O_2}=5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=112\left(l\right)\left(đktc\right)\);\(V_{O_2}=120\left(l\right)\left(đkt\right)\)
\(8,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(m_C=0,96\left(kg\right)\Rightarrow n_C=0,08\left(kmol\right)=80\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=80\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=1792\left(l\right)\)
\(9,n_p=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{O_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
Vì\(\frac{0,2}{4}< \frac{0,3}{5}\)nên P hết O2 dư, bài toán tính theo P.
\(a,n_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=0,05\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=1,6\left(g\right)\)
\(b,n_{P_2O_5}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{P_2O_5}=14,2\left(g\right)\)
Bài 1:
a) PTHH: \(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)
b)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{24,5}{98}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)
theo pt: 1mol 1mol 1mol 1mol
theo đb: 0,2mol 0,25mol
Phản ứng: 0,2mol 0,2mol 0,2mol 0,2mol
Sau phản ứng: 0 0,05mol
Lập tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,25}{1}\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}dư\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4dư}=0,25-0,2=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4dư}=n.M\)
\(=0,05.98=4,9\left(g\right)\)
c)
\(m_{ZnCl_2}=n.M\)
\(=0,2.136=27,2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2}=n.M\)
\(=0,2.2=0,4\left(g\right)\)
Đáp án:
a, Zn+Cl2t0→ZnCl2b, a=14,2(g); b=27,2(g)c, mAl=3,6(g)a, Zn+Cl2→t0ZnCl2b, a=14,2(g); b=27,2(g)c, mAl=3,6(g)
Giải thích các bước giải:
a, Zn+Cl2t0→ZnCl2b, nZn=1365=0,2(mol)nCl2=nZnCl2=nZn=0,2(mol)⇒a=0,2.71=14,2(g)⇒b=0,2.136=27,2(g)c, 2Al+3Cl2t0→2AlCl3nAl=23.nCl2=215(mol)⇒mAl=215.27=3,6(g)
a)\(Fe2O3+3H2SO4-->Fe2\left(SO4\right)3+3H2O\)
\(n_{Fe2O3}=\frac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H2SO4}=3n_{Fe2O3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H2SO4}=0,3.98=29,4\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Fe2\left(SO4\right)3}=n_{Fe2O3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Fe2\left(SO4\right)3}=0,1.400=40\left(g\right)\)
b) \(Fe2O3+3H2SO4-->Fe2\left(SO4\right)3+3H2O\)
\(n_{Fe2O3}=\frac{32}{160}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H2SO4}=\frac{29,4}{98}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Fe2O3}\left(\frac{0,2}{1}\right)>nH2SO4\left(\frac{0,3}{3}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow FE2O3dư\)
\(n_{Fe2O3}=\frac{1}{3}n_{H2SO4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Fe2O3}dư=0,2-0,1=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Fe2O3}dư=0,1.160=16\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Fe2\left(SO4\right)3}=\frac{1}{3}n_{H2SO4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Fe2\left(SO4\right)3}=0,1.400=40\left(g\right)\)
Bài 7
a) 3Fe+2O2--->FE3O4
n Fe=14/56=0,15(mol)
n O2=8,96/22,4=0,4(mol)
0,15/3<0,4/2-->O2 dư
Theo pthh
n O2=2/3n Fe=0,1(mol)
n O2 dư=0,4-0,1=0,3(mol)
m O2 dư=0,3.32=9,6(g)
b) n FE3O4=1/3n Fe=0,05(mol)
m Fe3O4=0,05.232=11,6(g)
Bài 8
CuO+H2--->Cu+H2O
n Cu=24/64=0,375(mol)
n CuO=4,48/22,4=0,2(mol)
-->H2 dư..tính theo số mol CuO
n Cu=n CuO=0,2(mol)
m Cu=0,2.64=12,8(g)
n H2O=n CuO=0,2(mol)
m H2O=0,2.18=3,6(g)
a)\(Fe+H2SO4-->FeSO4+H2\)
\(n_{Fe}=\frac{28}{56}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H2SO4}=n_{Fe}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H2SO4}=0,5.98=49\left(g\right)\)
b)\(n_{H2}=n_{Fe}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H2}=0,5.22,4=11,2\left(l\right)\)
c)\(n_{FeSO4}=n_{Fe}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{FeSO4}=0,5.152=76\left(g\right)\)
a) P2O5 + 3H2O --> 2H3PO4
b) \(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{45}{18}=2,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{P_2O_5}=\dfrac{14,2}{142}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{2,5}{3}>\dfrac{0,1}{1}\) => P2O5 hết, H2O dư
PTHH: P2O5 + 3H2O --> 2H3PO4
0,1---->0,3------>0,2
=> \(m_{H_2O\left(dư\right)}=\left(2,5-0,3\right).18=39,6\left(g\right)\)
c) \(m_{H_3PO_4}=0,2.98=19,6\left(g\right)\)
a) P2O5 + 3H2O --> 2H3PO4