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a+b+c=0\(\Rightarrow c=0-a-b\)
Thay vào tỉ số đầu tiên ta được
\(\dfrac{a}{b+c}=\dfrac{a}{b+0-a-b}=\dfrac{a}{-a}=-1\)
Mà \(\dfrac{a}{b+c}=\dfrac{b}{a+c}=\dfrac{c}{a+b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b+c}=\dfrac{b}{a+c}=\dfrac{c}{a+b}=-1\)
Chúc bạn học tốt
Ta có : \(\dfrac{a}{b+c}=\dfrac{b}{c+a}=\dfrac{c}{a+b}\)
*Nếu \(a+b+c\ne0\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b+c}=\dfrac{b}{c+a}=\dfrac{c}{a+b}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+c+a+a+b}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)*Nếu \(\) \(a+b+c=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-c\\b+c=-a\\c+a=-c\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b+c}=\dfrac{b}{c+a}=\dfrac{c}{a+b}=\dfrac{a}{-a}=\dfrac{b}{-b}=\dfrac{c}{-c}=-1\)
Vậy \(\dfrac{a}{b+c}=\dfrac{b}{c+a}=\dfrac{c}{a+b}=\dfrac{1}{2}\) hay\(\dfrac{a}{b+c}=\dfrac{b}{c+a}=\dfrac{c}{a+b}=-1\)
Theo tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau :
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b+c}=\dfrac{b}{c+a}=\dfrac{c}{a+b}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2a+2b+2c}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy giá trị mỗi tỉ số trên là : \(\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Nếu \(a+b+c\) khác \(0\) thì theo tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b+c}=\dfrac{b}{a+c}=\dfrac{c}{a+b}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2.\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Nếu \(a+b+c = 0\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(b+c = -a\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(c+a = -b\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(a+b = -c \)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b+c}=\dfrac{b}{c+a}=\dfrac{c}{a+b}=-1\)
\(\dfrac{a+b+c}{d}=\dfrac{b+c+d}{a}=\dfrac{c+d+a}{b}=\dfrac{d+a+b}{c}\)
TH1: \(a+b+c+d=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c}{d}=\dfrac{b+c+d}{a}=\dfrac{c+d+a}{b}=\dfrac{d+a+b}{c}=\dfrac{-c}{c}=-1\)
TH2: \(a+b+c+d\ne0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c}{d}=\dfrac{b+c+d}{a}=\dfrac{c+d+a}{b}=\dfrac{d+a+b}{c}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}=2\)
Theo đề ta có :
\(\dfrac{a}{b+c}=\dfrac{b}{c+a}=\dfrac{c}{a+b}\)
Nếu \(a+b+c\ne0\)
Theo tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có :
\(\dfrac{a}{b+c}=\dfrac{b}{c+a}=\dfrac{c}{a+b}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Còn nếu \(a+b+c=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b+c=-a;c+a=-b;a+b=-c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b+c}=\dfrac{b}{c+a}=\dfrac{c}{a+b}=\dfrac{a}{-a}=\dfrac{b}{-b}=\dfrac{c}{-c}=-1\)
ta có \(\dfrac{a}{b+c+d}=\dfrac{b}{a+c+d}=\dfrac{c}{a+b+d}=\dfrac{d}{a+b+c}\)
=> \(\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c+d}+1\right)=\left(\dfrac{b}{a+c+d}+1\right)=\left(\dfrac{c}{a+b+d}+1\right)=\left(\dfrac{d}{a+b+c}+1\right)\)
(=) \(\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{b+c+d}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{a+c+d}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+d}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c}\)
*Nếu a+b+c+d=0
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-\left(c+d\right)\\b+c=-\left(a+d\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> M=(-1)+(-1)+(-1)+(-1)=(-4)
Nếu a+b+c+d\(\ne\)0
=> a=b=c=d
=> M=1+1+1+1=4
Xét a+b+c+d=0
\(\Rightarrow\)a=-(b+c+d).Thay vào \(\dfrac{a}{b+c+d}\)ta có
\(\dfrac{-\left(b+c+d\right)}{b+c+d}\)=-1.Làm tương tự như thế ta có
M=-1+(-1)+(-1)+(-1)=-4
Xét a+b+c+d\(\ne\)0
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có
\(\dfrac{a}{b+c+d}\)=\(\dfrac{b}{a+c+d}\)=\(\dfrac{c}{a+b+d}\)=\(\dfrac{d}{b+c+a}\)
=\(\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{2\cdot\left(a+b+c+d\right)}\)=\(\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vì\(\dfrac{a}{b+c+d}\)=\(\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)2a=b+c+d
\(\Rightarrow\)3a=a+b+c+d\(\left(1\right)\)
Vì\(\dfrac{b}{a+c+d}\)=\(\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)2b= a+c+d
\(\Rightarrow\)3b=a+b+c+d\(\left(2\right)\)
Vì\(\dfrac{c}{a+b+d}\)=\(\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)2c=a+b+d
\(\Rightarrow\)3c=a+b+c+d\(\left(3\right)\)
Vì\(\dfrac{d}{b+c+a}\)=\(\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)2d=b+c+a
\(\Rightarrow\)3d=a+b+c+d\(\left(4\right)\)
Từ\(\left(1\right)\),\(\left(2\right)\),\(\left(3\right)\),\(\left(4\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\)3a=3b=3c=3d
\(\Rightarrow\)a=b=c=d.Khi đó
M=\(\dfrac{a+a}{a+a}+\dfrac{a+a}{a+a}+\dfrac{a+a}{a+a}+\dfrac{a+a}{a+a}\)
=1+1+1+1
=4
Vậy...
Mình trình bày hơi xấu các bạn thông cảm1!
Giải:
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b+c+d}=\dfrac{b}{a+c+d}=\dfrac{c}{a+b+d}=\dfrac{d}{b+c+a}\)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b+c+d}=\dfrac{b}{a+c+d}=\dfrac{c}{a+b+d}=\dfrac{d}{b+c+a}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{3\left(a+b+c+d\right)}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{b+c+d}=\dfrac{1}{3}\\\dfrac{b}{a+c+d}=\dfrac{1}{3}\\\dfrac{c}{a+b+d}=\dfrac{1}{3}\\\dfrac{d}{b+c+a}=\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a=b+c+d\\3b=a+c+d\\3c=a+b+d\\3d=b+c+a\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=d\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}+\dfrac{b+c}{a+d}+\dfrac{c+d}{a+b}+\dfrac{d+a}{b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=1+1+1+1=4\)
Vậy \(M=4\).
Chúc bạn học tốt!
Ta có
\(\dfrac{2a+b+c+d}{a}=\dfrac{a+2b+c+d}{b}=\dfrac{a+b+2c+d}{c}=\dfrac{a+b+c+2d}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2a+b+c+d}{a}-1=\dfrac{a+2b+c+d}{b}-1=\dfrac{a+b+2c+d}{c}-1=\dfrac{a+b+c+2d}{d}-1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{a}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{b}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{c}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{d}\)
Trường hợp thứ nhất \(a+b+c+d\ne0\Rightarrow a=b=c=d\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}+\dfrac{b+c}{d+a}+\dfrac{c+d}{a+b}+\dfrac{d+a}{b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow M=1+1+1+1\)
\(\Rightarrow M=4\)
Trường hợp thứ hai\(a+b+c+d=0\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-\left(c+d\right)\\b+c=-\left(d+a\right)\\c+d=-\left(a+b\right)\\d+a=-\left(b+c\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}+\dfrac{b+c}{d+a}+\dfrac{c+d}{a+b}+\dfrac{d+a}{b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow M=-4\)
Vậy \(M\in\left\{4;-4\right\}\)
+) Nếu \(a,b,c\ne0\) thì theo tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có :
\(\dfrac{a}{b+c}=\dfrac{b}{c+a}=\dfrac{c}{a+b}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
+) Nếu \(a+b+c=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b+c=-a;c+a=-b;a+b=-c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b+c}=\dfrac{b}{c+a}=\dfrac{c}{a+b}=\dfrac{a}{-a}=\dfrac{b}{-b}=\dfrac{c}{-c}=-1\)
còn khác o