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Ta có: \(A=a\left(a^2-bc\right)+b\left(b^2-ac\right)+c\left(c^2-ab\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow A=a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\) \(\Rightarrow A=\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc=0\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-c\left(a+b\right)+c^2\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)=0\)
Vì \(a+b+c\ne0\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc=0\)
Xét \(M=a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc=0\)
\(\Rightarrow2M=2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc=0\)
\(\Rightarrow2M=\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
Vì \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0;\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0;\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\forall a,b,c\)
\(\Rightarrow a-b=0;b-c=0;c-a=0\) \(\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{b^2}{c^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}=1+1+1=3\)
\(\dfrac{bc}{a}+\dfrac{ca}{b}+\dfrac{ab}{c}=a+b+c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{abc}{a^2}+\dfrac{abc}{b^2}+\dfrac{abc}{c^2}=a+b+c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{abc}=\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ac}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{c}-\dfrac{1}{a}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Thay vào A r tính thôi
Very easy !!
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\left(a^2+b^2+1\right)\left(1+1+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+1}\le\dfrac{c^2+2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\). Tương tự ta cũng có:
\(\dfrac{1}{1+b^2+c^2}\le\dfrac{a^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2};\dfrac{1}{1+c^2+a^2}\le\dfrac{b^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(T=\dfrac{1}{1+a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{1}{1+b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{1}{1+c^2+a^2}\le\dfrac{6+a^2+b^2+c^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)
Lại có \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\ge6+a^2+b^2+c^2\) ( do \(ab+bc+ca=3\) )
\(\Rightarrow T\le\dfrac{6+a^2+b^2+c^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\le\dfrac{6+a^2+b^2+c^2}{6+a^2+b^2+c^2}=1\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Bài 2:
a) \(A=\dfrac{a^2}{bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{ca}+\dfrac{c^2}{ab}\)
\(A=\dfrac{a^3}{abc}+\dfrac{b^3}{abc}+\dfrac{c^3}{abc}\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{abc}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{abc}\left[\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3\right]\)
Vì \(a+b+c=0\)
Nên a + b = -c (1)
Thay (1) vào A, ta được:
\(A=\dfrac{1}{abc}\left[\left(-c\right)^3-3ab\left(-c\right)+c^3\right]\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{abc}.3abc\)
\(A=3\)
b) \(B=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-b^2-c^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-c^2-a^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-a^2-b^2}\)
\(B=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-\left(b^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-\left(c^2+a^2\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)
Vì \(a+b+c=0\)
Nên b + c = -a
=> ( b + c )2 = (-a)2
=> b2 + c2 + 2bc = a2
=> b2 + c2 = a2 - 2bc (1)
Tương tự ta có: c2 + a2 = b2 - 2ac (2)
a2 + b2 = c - 2ab (3)
Thay (1), (2) và (3) vào B, ta được:
\(B=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-\left(a^2-2bc\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-\left(b^2-2ac\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-\left(c^2-2ab\right)}\)
\(B=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-a^2+2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-b^2+2ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-c^2+2ab}\)
\(B=\dfrac{a^2}{2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{2ab}\)
\(B=\dfrac{a^3}{2abc}+\dfrac{b^3}{2abc}+\dfrac{c^3}{2abc}\)
\(B=\dfrac{1}{2abc}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
Mà \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\) ( câu a )
\(\Rightarrow B=\dfrac{1}{2abc}.3abc\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Bài 1:
a) GT: abc = 2
\(M=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+2}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{2c}{ac+2c+2}\)
\(M=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+abc}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{2cb}{abc+2cb+2b}\)
\(M=\dfrac{a}{a\left(b+1+bc\right)}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{2cb}{2+2cb+2b}\)
\(M=\dfrac{1}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{2cb}{2\left(1+cb+b\right)}\)
\(M=\dfrac{1}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(M=\dfrac{1+b+bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(M=1\)
b) GT: abc = 1
\(N=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{c}{ac+c+1}\)
\(N=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+abc}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{cb}{b\left(ac+c+1\right)}\)
\(N=\dfrac{a}{a\left(b+1+bc\right)}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{bc}{abc+bc+b}\)
\(N=\dfrac{1}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(N=\dfrac{1+b+bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(N=1\)
Lời giải:
\(\sqrt{a-c}+\sqrt{b-c}=\sqrt{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a-c+b-c+2\sqrt{(a-c)(b-c)}=a+b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow c=\sqrt{(a-c)(b-c)}\)
\(\Rightarrow c^2=(a-c)(b-c)=ab-ac-bc+c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab-ac-bc=0\Leftrightarrow ac+bc-ab=0\)
Ta có: \(P=\frac{bc}{a^2}+\frac{ac}{b^2}-\frac{ab}{c^2}=\frac{(bc)^3+(ac)^3-(ab)^3}{a^2b^2c^2}\) \((1)\)
Ta nhớ đến công thức sau:
\(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=(x+y+z)(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz)\)
(để cm công thức này rất đơn giản bằng việc sử dụng hằng đẳng thức khai triển)
Khi đó, thay thế: \((x,y,z)=(bc,ac,-ab)\)
\(\Rightarrow (bc)^3+(ac)^3-(ab)^3+3a^2b^2c^2=(bc+ac-ab)(.....)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow (bc)^3+(ac)^3-(ab)^3=-3a^2b^2c^2\) (2)
Từ \((1),(2)\Rightarrow P=\frac{-3a^2b^2c^2}{a^2b^2c^2}=-3\)
Bài 2:
Bài 1:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2=14\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2ab-2bc-2ac=14\)\(\Leftrightarrow-2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=14\Rightarrow ab+bc+ac=-7\)\(\Rightarrow\left(ab+bc+ac\right)^2=49\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2+2a^2bc+2ab^2c+2abc^2=49\)\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b^2+b^2c^2+a^2c^2+2abc\left(a+b+c\right)=49\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2b^2+b^2c^2+a^2c^2=49\)
Ta có:
\(a^4+b^4+c^4=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2-2a^2b^2-2b^2c^2-2a^2c^2\)\(=14^2-2\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+a^2c^2\right)=196-2.49=98\)
Bài 1:
Từ \(a+b+c=0\) ta có:
\(B=\frac{a^2}{a^2-b^2-c^2}+\frac{b^2}{b^2-c^2-a^2}+\frac{c^2}{c^2-b^2-a^2}\)
\(=\frac{a^2}{(-b-c)^2-b^2-c^2}+\frac{b^2}{(-c-a)^2-c^2-a^2}+\frac{c^2}{(-b-a)^2-b^2-a^2}\)
\(=\frac{a^2}{2bc}+\frac{b^2}{2ac}+\frac{c^2}{2ab}=\frac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}\)
Lại có:
\(a^3+b^3+c^3=(a+b)^3-3ab(a+b)+c^3=(-c)^3-3ab(-c)+c^3\)
\(=-c^3+3abc+c^3=3abc\)
Do đó \(B=\frac{3abc}{2abc}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Bài 2:
Lấy P-Q ta có:
\(P-Q=\left(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\right)-\left(\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{a^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\right)\)
\(P-Q=\frac{a^3-b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3-c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3-a^3}{c^2+ac+a^2}\)
\(P-Q=\frac{(a-b)(a^2+ab+b^2)}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{(b-c)(b^2+bc+c^2)}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{(c-a)(c^2+ac+a^2)}{c^2+ac+a^2}\)
\(P-Q=(a-b)+(b-c)+(c-a)=0\Rightarrow P=Q\)
Ta có đpcm.
a ) \(a+b+c=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2.0=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=0\)
Do \(a^2\ge0;b^2\ge0;c^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge0\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=0\) ( * )
Thay * vào biểu thức M , ta được :
\(M=\left(0-1\right)^{1999}+0^{2000}+\left(0+1\right)^{2001}\)
\(=-1^{1999}+0+1^{2001}\)
\(=-1+0+1\)
\(=0\)
Vậy \(M=0\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{bc}{abc}+\dfrac{ac}{abc}+\dfrac{ab}{abc}=\dfrac{1}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{bc+ac+ab-1}{abc}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow bc+ac+ab-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow bc+ac+ab=1\)
Mà \(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow bc+ac+ab=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow2bc+2ac+2ab=2a^2+2b^2+2c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2bc-2ac-2ab=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2=0\)
Do \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0;\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0;\left(a-c\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2\ge0\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Mà \(P=\dfrac{a+b}{b+c}+\dfrac{b+c}{c+a}+\dfrac{c+a}{a+b}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{a+b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b+c}{b+c}+\dfrac{a+c}{a+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=1+1+1=3\)
Vậy \(P=3\)
\(\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{4}\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Ta có: \(ab+bc+ac=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac\right)-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ac\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{6}=\dfrac{1}{12}\)
\(a^2+b^2+c^2=\dfrac{1}{6}-\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{1}{12}=\dfrac{1}{12}\)
Suy ra: \(a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ac\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
\(P=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
p/s làm lih tih k chắc đâu:v