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Đáp án C.
Kim loại không phản ứng với H2SO4 loãng là Cu.
Gọi nCu = x, nMg = y, nAl = z
Ta có:
64x + 24y + 27z = 33,2 (1)
Bảo toàn e:
2nMg + 3nAl = 2nH2
=> 2y + 3z = 2.1 (2)
2nCu = 2nSO2 => x = 0.2 (mol) (3)
Từ 1, 2, 3 => x = 0,2; y = z = 0,4 (mol)
mCu = 0,2.64 = 12,8 (g)
mMg = 0,4.24 = 9,6 (g)
mAl = 10,8 (g)
\(n_{Cu}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_X=64a+56b=16.2\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{8.96}{22.4}=0.4\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn e :
\(2a+3b=0.4\cdot2=0.8\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.0475,b=0.235\)
\(\%Cu=\dfrac{0.0475\cdot64}{16.2}\cdot100\%=18.76\%\)
\(\%Fe=81.24\%\)
\(b.\)
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{0.0475}{0.235}=\dfrac{19}{94}\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Cu}=19x\left(mol\right),n_{Fe}=94x\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_X=19x\cdot64+94x\cdot56=22\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{11}{3240}\)
\(n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11}{3240}\cdot94=\dfrac{517}{1620}\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=7.15\left(l\right)\)
a, \(Fe+H_2SO_{4\text{loãng}}\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
\(n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_{4\text{đặc}}\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+SO_2+H_2O\)
\(Cu+H_2SO_{4\text{đặc}}\rightarrow CuSO_4+SO_2+H_2O\)
Bảo toàn e:
\(2n_{Cu}+3n_{Fe}=2n_{SO_2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n_{Cu}=\dfrac{2n_{SO_2}-3n_{Fe}}{2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x=m_{Cu}+m_{Fe}=0,25.64+0,5.56=44\left(g\right)\)
a) Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Cu}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)=b=n_{Fe}\\n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{22,4}{22,4}=1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bảo toàn electron: \(2a+3b=2\) \(\Rightarrow2a+3\cdot0,5=2\) \(\Rightarrow a=n_{Cu}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x=m_{Cu}+m_{Fe}=0,25\cdot64+0,5\cdot56=44\left(g\right)\)
b) Ta có: \(n_{H_2SO_4\left(p/ư\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{e\left(traođổi\right)}+n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot2+1=2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{H_2SO_4\left(đặc\right)}=2\cdot110\%=2,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{2,2\cdot98}{98\%}=220\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{220}{1,84}\approx119,57\left(ml\right)\)
c) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{SO_2}=1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,4\cdot1,5=0,6\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Tạo 2 muối
PTHH: \(2SO_2+Ba\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow Ba\left(HSO_3\right)_2\)
2x x x (mol)
\(SO_2+Ba\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow BaSO_3\downarrow+H_2O\)
y y (mol)
Ta lập được hệ phương trình: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0,6\\2x+y=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=n_{Ba\left(HSO_3\right)_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{Ba\left(HSO_3\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,4}=1\left(M\right)\)
1) Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Cu}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow64a+56b=18,4\) (1)
Ta có: \(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn electron: \(2a+3b=0,35\cdot2=0,7\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot64}{18,4}\cdot100\%\approx69,57\%\\\%m_{Fe}=30,43\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
2) PTHH: \(NaOH+SO_2\rightarrow NaHSO_3\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{NaOH}=n_{SO_2}=0,35\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,35}{2}=0,175\left(l\right)=175\left(ml\right)\)
\(1) n_{Cu} = a(mol) ; n_{Fe} = b(mol) \Rightarrow 64a + 56b = 18,4(1)\\ n_{SO_2} = \dfrac{7,84}{22,4} = 0,35(mol)\)
Bảo toàn electron :
\(2a + 3b = 0,35.2(2)\\ (1)(2) \Rightarrow a = 0,2 ; b = 0,1\\ \%m_{Cu} = \dfrac{0,2.64}{18,4}.100\% = 69,57\%\\ \%m_{Fe} = 100\%-69,57\% = 30,43\%\\ 2) NaOH + SO_2 \to NaHSO_3\\ n_{NaOH} = n_{SO_2} = 0,35(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd\ NaOH} = \dfrac{0,35}{2} = 0,175(lít)\)
Giả sử: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=b\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=c\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=d\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
_ Khi tác dụng với HCl.
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)
Theo ĐLBT mol e, có: 2a + 2b + 3d = 0,45.2 ⇒ 2a + 2b + 3d = 0,9 (1)
_ Khi tác dụng với H2SO4 đặc nóng.
Ta có: \(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{10,64}{22,4}=0,475\left(mol\right)\)
Theo ĐLBT mol e, có: 2a + 2b + 2c + 3d = 0,475.2
⇒ 2a + 2b - 2c + 3d = 0,95 (2)
Trừ 2 vế của (1) và (2), có: c = 0,025 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{0,025.64}{14,7}.100\%\approx10,88\%\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=b\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=c\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=d\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45\left(mol\right)\\n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{10,64}{22,4}=0,475\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bảo toàn electron: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a+2b+2c+3d=0,475\cdot2\\2a+2b+3d=0,45\cdot2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow2c=0,475\cdot2-0,45\cdot2=0,05\) \(\Rightarrow c=0,025\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{0,025\cdot64}{14,7}\cdot100\%\approx10,88\%\)
`2Fe + 6H_2 SO_[4(đ,n)] -> Fe_2(SO_4)_3 + 3SO_2 \uparrow + 6H_2 O`
`0,05` `0,15` `0,025` `(mol)`
`Cu + 2H_2 SO_[4(đ,n)] -> CuSO_4 + SO_2 \uparrow + 2H_2 O`
`0,225` `0,45` `0,225` `(mol)`
`n_[SO_2]=[6,72]/[22,4]=0,3(mol)`
Gọi `n_[Fe]=x` ; `n_[Cu]=y`
`=>` $\begin{cases} \dfrac{3}{2}x+y=0,3\\56x+64y=17,2 \end{cases}$
`<=>` $\begin{cases}x=0,05\\y=0,225 \end{cases}$
`@m_[Fe_2(SO_4)_3]=0,025.400=10(g)`
`@m_[CuSO_4]=0,225.160=36(g)`
`@m_[dd H_2 SO_4]=[(0,15+0,45).98]/80 .100=73,5(g)`
Sửa đề: 80% ---> 98% (80% chưa đặc nên không giải phóng SO2 được)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow56a+64b=17,2\left(1\right)\)
PTHH:
\(2Fe+6H_2SO_{4\left(đặc,nóng\right)}\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3SO_2\uparrow+6H_2O\)
a------>3a------------------->0,5a--------------->1,5a
\(Cu+2H_2SO_{4\left(đặc,nóng\right)}\rightarrow CuSO_4+SO_2\uparrow+2H_2O\)
b----->2b------------------->b------------->b
\(\rightarrow1,5a+b=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\left(2\right)\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,05\left(mol\right)\\b=0,225\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,5.0,05.400=10\left(g\right)\\m_{CuSO_4}=0,225.160=36\left(g\right)\\m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left(0,05.3+0,225.2\right).98}{98\%}=60\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)