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\(\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+...+\frac{1}{x.\left(x+1\right)}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{x+1}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{x+1}=\frac{x+1}{x+1}-\frac{1}{x+1}=\frac{x}{x+1}\)
Theo để ra ta có
\(-S=\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}\)
\(\Rightarrow-S=1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{n-1}-\dfrac{1}{n}\)
\(\Rightarrow-S=1-\dfrac{1}{n}=\dfrac{n-1}{n}\)
\(\Rightarrow S=\dfrac{1-n}{n}\)
Ta có:
\(S=\dfrac{-1}{1.2}-\dfrac{1}{2.3}-\dfrac{1}{3.4}-...-\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}\\ S=-\left(\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}\right)\\ S=-\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{n-1}-\dfrac{1}{n}\right)\\ S=-\left(1-\dfrac{1}{n}\right)\\ S=-\dfrac{n-1}{n}\)
Vậy \(S=-\dfrac{n-1}{n}\)
b) \(\left(\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+...+\dfrac{1}{99.100}\right)-2x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+.......-\dfrac{1}{99}+\dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}\right)-2x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-\dfrac{1}{100}\right)-2x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{99}{100}-2x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2x=\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{99}{100}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2x=\dfrac{-49}{100}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{-49}{100}:\left(-2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{49}{200}\)
Vậy ...............................
a,
\(\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)+\sqrt{2}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{2^5}}{1-\sqrt{9}}\)
\(=2^2-\left(\sqrt{3}\right)^2+\dfrac{\sqrt{2}\cdot\sqrt{2^5}}{1-3}=4-3+\dfrac{\sqrt{2^6}}{-2}=1+\dfrac{8}{-2}=1+\left(-4\right)=-3\)
b,
\(\left(\dfrac{1}{1\cdot2}+\dfrac{1}{2\cdot3}+\dfrac{1}{3\cdot4}+...+\dfrac{1}{49\cdot50}\right)\cdot\dfrac{49}{50}\)
\(=\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{49}-\dfrac{1}{50}\right)\cdot\dfrac{49}{50}\)
\(=\left(1-\dfrac{1}{50}\right)\cdot\dfrac{49}{50}=\dfrac{49}{50}\cdot\dfrac{49}{50}=\dfrac{49^2}{50^2}=\dfrac{2401}{2500}\)
Do mỗi số hạng ở vế trái nằm trong dấu giá trị tuyệt đối mà vế phải 100 là số dương nên x cũng là số dương
Do x dương nên ta có:
\(x+\dfrac{1}{1.2}+x+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+...+x+\dfrac{1}{99.100}=100x\)
Dãy trên có 99 số hạng nên
\(99x+\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}\right)\)
\(1-\dfrac{1}{100}=x\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{99}{100}\)
Vậy \(x=\dfrac{99}{100}\)
2) $\dfrac{x+4}{2000}+\dfrac{x+3}{2001}=\dfrac{x+2}{2002}+\dfrac{x+1}{2003}$
$=>\dfrac{x+4}{2000}+1+\dfrac{x+3}{2001}+1=\dfrac{x+2}{2002}+1+\dfrac{x+1}{2003}+1$
$=>\dfrac{x+4}{2000}+\dfrac{2000}{2000}+\dfrac{x+3}{2001}+\dfrac{2001}{2001}=\dfrac{x+2}{2002}+\dfrac{2002}{2002}+\dfrac{x+1}{2003}+\dfrac{2003}{2003}$
$=>\dfrac{x+2004}{2000}+\dfrac{x+2004}{2001}=\dfrac{x+2004}{2002}+\dfrac{x+2004}{2003}$
$=>\dfrac{x+2004}{2000}+\dfrac{x+2004}{2001}-\dfrac{x+2004}{2002}-\dfrac{x+2004}{2003}=0$
$=>(x+2004)(\dfrac{1}{2000}+\dfrac{1}{2001}-\dfrac{1}{2002}-\dfrac{1}{2003}=0$
$=>x+2004=0$
$=>x=-2004$
3) Ta có : $A=\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+\dfrac{1}{5.6}+...+\dfrac{1}{99.100}$
$=>A=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{12}+...+\dfrac{1}{99.100}>\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{12}=\dfrac{7}{12}$
$=>A>\dfrac{7}{12}(1)$
Ta lại có : $A=1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}$
$=>A=(1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3})-(\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{5})-...-(\dfrac{1}{98}-\dfrac{1}{99})-\dfrac{1}{100}<(1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}=\dfrac{5}{6}$
$=>A<\dfrac{5}{6}(2)$
Từ (1)(2) => đpcm.
Đặt A=\(\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{x.\left(x+1\right)}\)
A=\(\dfrac{1}{1}-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{1}{x+1}\)
A=1-\(\dfrac{1}{x+1}\)
A= \(\dfrac{x+1}{x+1}\) - \(\dfrac{1}{x+1}\)
A=\(\dfrac{x}{x+1}\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{x\left(x+1\right)}\)
\(A=1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{1}{x+1}\)
\(A=1-\dfrac{1}{x+1}\)
\(A=\dfrac{x+1}{x+1}-\dfrac{1}{x+1}=\dfrac{x+1-1}{x+1}=\dfrac{x}{x+1}\)