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1. He began to give up smoking last year.
-> he has given up smoking since last year
2. They began to Hue in Ho Chỉ Minh City in 2000.
->they have been to Hue in Ho Chỉ Minh City since 2000
3.He started to leam how to plạy the piano in 2005,
->He has learnt how to plạy the piano since 2005
4. When did you start learning English?
->How long have you learnt E ?
5. How long bave you learnt English? ,
->When did you start learning English
6. When dịd you first know Mrayam?
->How long is it since you first knew Mrayam?
7. When did people first use the telephone?
->How long is it since people first used the telephone?
8. When did you start saving money?
->How long have you saved money ?
9. The last time I wrote to hẹr was two years ago.
->I haven"t written to her for two years
10. I hasn't rained for two months.
->The last time it rained was two months ago
11.I last talked to her in 2004.
->l haven't talked to her since 2004
12.It has been a long time since Lan left her school.
-> Lan has left her school for a long time
13. He hasn"t Written to me for two months,
->it has been two months since he wrote to me
14, She last heard that song three years ago.
->It's three years since I last heard that song
15.. It's two yesrs since I saw hẹr.
-> I haven't seen her for two years
16. It's ten years since Nam stopped playing the piano.
->Mary hasn't played the piano for ten years
17. Mary was last seen 20 minutes ago.
->Mary hasn't seen for 20 minutes
18.The last time I saw David was in 1995
->I haven't seen David since 1995
19.We haven't been to a concert for over a year.
->The last time we were to a concert was over a year ago
20.Your birthday party was the last time I really enjoyed myself
->I haven't enjoyed myself since your birthday party
3.It's nearly 20 years since my father saw his brother.
->My father hasn't seen his brother for nearly 20 years
4.Tom went to Scotland last Friday and is still there.
->Tom has gone to Scotland since Friday and is still there.
5.When did you last ride a bike?
->How long is it since you last rode a bike?
6.The last time I went swimming was when I was in France
->I haven't gone swimming since I was in France
7.You haven't tidied up this room for weeks.
->It's weeks since you tidied up this room
8.He was last in touch with me there weeks ago.
-> He hasn't touched with me for three weeks
9.Mr John hasn't visited France since 1990
The last time Mr John visited France was in 1990
#Yumi
1. We have learnt Englist for 4 years
=> We started ... LEARNING ENGLISH 4 YEARS AGO.................................................................
2. My father started to give up smoking last year.
=> My father has ..............GIVEN UP SMOKING SINCE LAST YEAR......................................................
3. They have worked in that factory since 2001.
=> they started ........WORKING IN THAT FACTORY IN 2001............................................................
4. Lan hasn't written to Maryam for a month.
=> Lan didn't ......WRITE TO MARYAM A MONTH AGO..............................................................
5. He has lives in Hanoi since he was 12.
=> He started ....LIVING IN HANOI WHEN HE WAS 12................................................................
6. I haven't seen her for s long time.
=> I didn't ...........SEE HER A LONG TIME AGO.........................................................
7. How long have you learnt French?
=>How long ago ..DID YOU LEARN FRENCH..................................................................?
8.When đi you start to listen to classical music?
=> How long .......HAVE YOU LISTENED TO CLASSICAL MUSIC.............................................................?
9. I last saw her 10 years ago.
I haven't .......SEEN HER FOR 10 YEARS .............................................................
10. How long have you bought this cat?
=>When did ......YOU BUY THIS CAT..............................................................?
1. We have learnt Englist for 4 years
=> We started ....................................................................
2. My father started to give up smoking last year.
=> My father has not smoked since last year
3. They have worked in that factory since 2001.
=> they started working in that factory in 2001
4. Lan hasn't written to Maryam for a month.
=> Lan didn't write to Maryam a month ago
5. He has lives in Hanoi since he was 12.
=> He started living in Hanoi when he was 12
6. I haven't seen her for s long time.
=> I didn't see her a long time ago
7. How long have you learnt French?
=>How long ago did you start learning English?
8.When đi you start to listen to classical music?
=> How long have you listened to classical music?
9. I last saw her 10 years ago.
I haven't seen her for 10 years
10. How long have you bought this cat?
=>When did you buy this cat
Change into passive
1. They will hold the meeting before May Day.
------->The meeting ......will be held before May Day......
2. Somebody has taken some of my books away
--------> Some of my books have been taken by somebody............
3. They have to repair the engine of the car.
-------> The engine of the car ....HAS TO BE REPAIRED.......
4. They may use this room for the classroom.
---------->This room .......MAY BE USED FOR THE CLASSROOM........
5. The teacher is going to tell a story.
------------A story IS GOING TO BE TOLD BY THE TEACHER...........
6. John used to visit his parents at weekends.
----------> His parents ....USED TO BE VISITED BY JOHN AT WEEKENDS.........
7. They use milk for making butter and cheese.
-------->Milk clothing. ..IS USED FOR MAKING BUTTER AND CHEESE..........
8. They have provided the victims with food and clothing
-----> The victims ......HAVE BEEN PROVIDED WITH FOOD AND CLOTHING......
9 . People speak English in most every corner of the world .
------>. English ...IS SPOKEN IN MOST EVERY CORNER OF THE WORLD.........
10. The students are writing the lesons now .
------> The lesson IS BEING WRITTEN BY THE STUDENTS NOW.
11. Her teacher taught her how to apply this theory
------>She .WAS TAUGHT HOW TO APPLY THIS THEORY BY HER TEACHER.............
12. Someone will tell him that news.
------> he ......WILL BE TOLD THAT NEWS BY SOMEONE....
EXERCISE: Complete the sentences with "for" or "since":
1. We haven't heard from them ___FOR______ ages
2. They waited for you _____FOR____ two days
3. They haven't met him ____SINCE_____ he left the room
4. We have bought the new car ___SINCE_____ 1999
5. Haven't you seen him _____SINCE_______ Christmas?
6. It was not rained ____SINCE______ May
7. I haven't written to him _______FOR_ five months.
8. She has spoken to them _____SINCE__ this morning
9. We have listened to music __SINCE______ 8a.m
10. The house been built _____SINCE_____ last year
EXERCISE: Use simple past or present perfect to complete the following sentences:
1. Her English ( improve) ______HAS IMPROVED_____ recently
2. How many pages _____HAVE YOU READ____ you (read) _________ so far?
3. We (finish)____FINISHED____ our homework two hour ago
4. __________ you(be)__________ to Rome? HAVE YOU BEEN
5. I (see)____________ him several times on TV HAVE SEEN
6. What _______you (do)__________ last night? DID YOU DO
7. This is the first time I (visit)______ the city HAVE VISITED
8. They (buy)__________ the garden some days ago. BOUGHT
9. I (learn)________ English since I (be)__________ 11 years old HAVE LEARNT/ WAS
10. Be careful! I (just clean)________ the floor HAVE JUST CLEANED
11. The meal (already be)___HAS ALREADY BEEN____ ready
12. I ( never read)________ an interesting story like this before HAVE NEVER READ
EXERCISE : Rewrite the following sentences with the words given
l. Minh last wrote to his pen al five months ago
-> Minh hasn't WRITTEN TO HIS PENPAL FOR 5 MONTHS.
2. The last time we visited Kuala Lumpur was 3 years ago
-> I haven't VISITED KUALA LUMPUR FOR 3 YEARS.
3. When did you study English?
-> How long HAVE YOU STUDIED ENGLISH ?
4. They began building this house 2 months ago
->They have BUILT THIS HOUSE FOR 2 MONTHS.
5. My father started to work in this factory last week
-> My father has WORKED IN THIS FACTORY SINCE LAST WEEK.
6. How long has he worked in the garden?
->When DID HE BEGIN TO WORK IN THE GARDEN ?
7. How long ago did you learn music?
-> How long have YOU LEARNT MUSIC ?
8. He started living in Ho Chi Minh city when he was 8
-> He has LIVED IN HCM CITY SINCE HE WAS 8.
9. He learnt English when he was 18
-> He has..LEARNT ENGLISH SINCE HE WAS 18.
10. They have worked in that factory for five years
-> They began WORKING IN THAT FACTORY 5 YEARS AGO.
ll. My father stopped smoking two years ago
-> My father hasn't SMOKED FOR 2 YEARS.
12. We have learnt English for four years.
-> We started. LEARNING ENGLISH 4 YEARS AGO.
13 My father started to give up smoking last year
-> My father has GIVEN UP SMOKING SINCE LAST YEAR.
14. They have worked in that factory since 2001
-> They started. WORKING IN THAT FACTORY IN 2001.
15. Lan hasn't written to Maryam for a month.
-> Lan didn't...WRITE TO MARYAM A MONTH AGO...
16. He has lived in Ha Noi since he was 12.
-> He started. LIVING IN HA NOI WHEN HE WAS 12.
17. I haven't met her for a long time.
-> I didn't. MEET HER A LONG TIME AGO.
18. How long have you leamt French ?
-> How long ago DID YOU LEARN FRENCH ?
19. How long have you bought this car -> When did YOU BUY THIS CAR ?
20. When did you start to listen to classical music ?
->How long HAVE YOU LISTENED TO CLASSICAL MUSIC ?
21. I saw her 10 years ago.
-> I haven't SEEN HER FOR 10 YEARS.
EXERCISE : Rewrite the following sentences with the words given
l. Minh last wrote to his pen al five months ago
-> Minh hasn't written to his pen pal for five months
2. The last time we visited Kuala Lumpur was 3 years ago
-> I haven't visited Kuala Lumpur for 3 years
3. When did you study English?
-> How long have you studied English
4. They began building this house 2 months ago
->They have built this house for 2 months
5. My father started to work in this factory last week
-> My father has worked in this factory since last week
6. How long has he worked in the garden?
->When did he work in the garden?
7. How long ago did you learn music?
-> How long have you learnt music ?
8. He started living in Ho Chi Minh city when he was 8
-> He has lived in Ho Chi Minh City since he was 8
9. He learnt English when he was 18
-> He has...learnt English since he was 18
10. They have worked in that factory for five years
-> They began to smoke in that factory five years ago
ll. My father stopped smoking two years ago
-> My father hasn't smoked for two years
12. We have learnt English for four years.
-> We started. to learn English four years ago
13 My father started to give up smoking last year
-> My father has given up smoking since last year
14. They have worked in that factory since 2001
-> They started. to work in that factory in 2001
15. Lan hasn't written to Maryam for a month.
-> Lan didn't...write to Maryam a month ago..
16. He has lived in Ha Noi since he was 12.
-> He started.to live in Ha Noi when he was 12
17. I haven't met her for a long time.
-> I didn't. meet her a long time ago
18. How long have you leamt French ?
-> How long ago did you learn French?
19. How long have you bought this car -> When did you buy this car?
20. When did you start to listen to classical music ?
->How long have you listened to classical music?
21. I saw her 10 years ago.
-> I haven't seen her for 10 years
1.How long is it since you saw Tom?
When........did you see tom?.............
2. He can't pass the examination.
He wishes.....he could pass the examination...........
3. We can't go out because of heavy rain.
They wish.....it didn't rain heavily .........
4. They often go to Vung Tau at the weekends.
They used.....to go to Vung Tau at the weekends..........
5. How long have you learnt French?
How long ago......did you learn french?.......
6. My father started to give up smoking last year.
My father......has given up smoking since last year...........
7. They have worked in that factory since 2001.
They started......working in that factory in 2001.....
8. I haven't seen her for a long time.
I didn't.....see her a long time ago ..............
1. Why don't we go for a picnic on the weekend?
=> Let's going for a picnic on the weekend
2. Let's go to work by bus.
=> What about going to work by bus. ?
3. Nga is a good English speaker.
=> Nga speaks English well
4. Unless you get a visa. You can't visit the United States.
=> If you get a visa , you can visit the United States.
5. If you don't succeed, you'll have to try it again.
=> Unless you succeed, you'll have to try it again.
6. I suggest collecting unused cothes.
=> Let's collect unused clothes.
7. Ba is tired. He stayed up late watching TV.
=> Because Ba stayed up late watching TV , he is tired
8. Hoa was careless, so broke the cup.
=> Since Hoa was careless, she broke the cup
9. We were disappointed. She didn't keep her promise. (Adj + that)
=> We were disappointed that she didn't keep her promise
10. It was raining, so we decided to postpone our camping.
=> Since it was raining, we decided to postpone our camping
11. She wants them to sing a song.
=> She suggests they singing a song
12. She couldn't join us beacause she was busy.
=> She was busy, so she couldn't join us
13. Shall we go to the cinema tonight?
=> What about going to the cinema tonight?
14. Why don't we use energy-saving bulbs?
=> I suggest using energy-saving bulbs?
15. Although she was not beatiful, she took part in a beauty contest.
=> She wasn't beatiful but she took part in a beauty contest.
16. Work hard and you'll pass the exam.
=> If you work hard , you'll pass the exam.
17. If you don't start working hard now, you won't be able to pass the final exam.
=> Unless you start working hard now, you won't be able to pass the final exam.
18. We are delighted. You passed your English exam.
=> We are delighted , because you passed your English exam.
19. She was tired and therefore she wanted to go home.
=> She wanted to go home because she was tired
20. Tet is a festival. Tet occurs in late January or early February. (which)
=> Tet is a festival which occurs in late January or early February.
21. The pupil gets the scholarship. He is very poor. (who)
=> The pupil who gets the scholarship is very poor
22. Auld Lang Syne is a song. Auld Lang Syne is sung on New Year's Eve. (which)
=> Auld Lang Syne is a song which Auld Lang Syne is sung on New Year's Eve.
23. Have you ever spoken to the people? They live next door. (who)
=> Have you ever spoken to the people who live next door
24. Is this the book? You want me to read it? (which)
=> Is this the book which you want me to read it? (which)
25. My friend Tom can compose songs. Tom sings Western folk songs very well. (who)
=> My friend Tom, who can compose songs, sings Western folk songs very well.
26. He often tells lies but many people believe him.
=> Although he often tells lies , many people believe him.
27. He is very tired but he has to finish his homework. (even though)
=> Even though he is very tired , he has to finish his homework.
B. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành và thì quá khứ đơn
1. We have learnt Englist for 6 years.
=> We started learning E 6 years ago
2. It's three years since I last saw Nam.
=> I haven't seen Nam for three years
3. I last wrote to my uncle in July.
=> I haven't written to my uncle since July
4. Minh has collected stamps since 2000.
=> Minh began collecting stamps in 2000
5. It's a long time since we became close friends.
=> We have become close friends for a long time
6. I haven't gone to Da Lat for a long time.
=> I last went to Da Lat was a long time
7. The last time I visited my grandparents was last summer.
=> I haven't visited my grandparents since last summer
8. My family have lived in Lien Huong for 10 years.
=> My family started living in Lien Huong 10 years ago
9. I last saw him two days ago.
=> I have seen him for two days
10. How long have you bought this car?
=> When did you buy this car ?
1. Rewrite the following sentences beginnig as shown, so that the meaning remains the same.
a. The factory is producing more and more pollution.
--> More anh more pollution is being produced by the factory
b. He drives carelessly , so he usually has accidents.
--> He is such.......a careless driver that he usually has accidents
c. He has been collecting stamps for three years.
--> He started..........collecting stamps three years ago
d. I don't really want to go to the museum.
--> I'd rather.......not go to the museum
e. Vicky is too young to join the club.
--> Vicky is not.........old enough to join the club
f. I wrote thí essay in three hours.
--> It took.............me three hours to write this essay
g. How long is it since you last saw Ann?
--> When.........did you last see Ann ?
h. You will catch a cold if you don't keep your feet dry.
--> Unlesss.........you keep your feet dry, you will catch a cold
i. The police let him leave last they had questioned him.
--> He was......released after being questioned by the police
k. I haven't seen that man here before.
--> It's........the first time I have seen that man here
l. The furniture was so expensive that i didn't buy it.
--> The furniture was too...........expensive for me to buy
m. I'm always nervous when i travel by air.
--> Travelling.............by air always makes me nervous
2. Complete the second sentences so that it has a similar meaning to the first one, using the word given in brackets.Do not chang the words in anyway.
a. he didn't wake up early, but now she does (used)
-->She..........used to wake up........ early.
b. They haven't talked to each other for 2 years. (since)
--> It's...2 years since they talked...... to each other.
c. She has never heard such a ridiculous lie (most)
--> It's the..most ridiculous lie she has.. ever heard.
d. He hasn't been to school for four days. (absent)
--> He....has been absent from... school for 4 days.
1. Rewrite the following sentences beginnig as shown, so that the meaning remains the same.
a. The factory is producing more and more pollution.
--> More anh more.....................pollution is being produced by the factory........................
b. He drives carelessly , so he usually has accidents.
--> He is such.......a careless driver that he usually has accidents............
c. He has been collecting stamps for three years.
--> He started..........collecting stamps three years ago..........
d. I don't really want to go to the museum.
--> I'd rather...........not go to the museum...........
e. Vicky is too young to join the club.
--> Vicky is not.........old enough to join the club.........
f. I wrote thí essay in three hours.
--> It took.............me three hours to write this essay.............
g. How long is it since you last saw Ann?
--> When.........did you last see Ann?............
h. You will catch a cold if you don't keep your feet dry.
--> Unlesss.........you keep your feet dry, you will catch a cold.........
i. The police let him leave last they had questioned him.
--> He was......released after being questioned by the police........
k. I haven't seen that man here before.
--> It's........the first time I have ever seen that man here.............
l. The furniture was so expensive that i didn't buy it.
--> The furniture was too...........expensive for me to buy.............
m. I'm always nervous when i travel by air.
--> Travelling.............by air always makes me nervous..............
2. Complete the second sentences so that it has a similar meaning to the first one, using the word given in brackets.Do not chang the words in anyway.
a. he didn't wake up early, but now she does (used)
-->She..........used to wake up........ early.
b. They haven't talked to each other for 2 years. (since)
--> It's................2 years since they last talked............ to each other.
c. She has never heard such a ridiculous lie (most)
--> It's the...........most ridiculous lie she has......... ever heard.
d. He hasn't been to school for four days. (absent)
--> He..................has been absent from.............. school for 4 days.
I. Rewrite the second sentences so that they have the same meaning to the first one.
1. He has lived in Hanoi since he was 12
--> He started living Hanoi when he was 12
2. I have not seen her for a long time.
--> It’s a long time since I last saw her.
3. How long have you learnt French?
--> How long have you been learning French?
4.. When did you start to listen to classical music
--> How long have you started listening to classical music?
5. I last saw her 10 years ago
--> I have not seen her for 10 years.
6. How long have you bought this car ?
--> When did you buy this car ?
7. She started teaching the children in this remote village 5 months ago.
--> She has been teaching the children in this remote village for 5 months
8. I began living in this HCMC when I was 8
--> I have been living in this HCMC since I was 8
9. We started cooking for the party four hours ago.
--> We have been cooking for the party for four hours.
10. We began studying English when we were at primary school.
--> We have been studying English since we were at primary school.
II Change into Passive Voice.
1. My father waters this flower every morning.
--> this flower is watered every morning
2. John invited Fiona to his birthday party last night.
--> Fiona was invited to John’s birthday party last night by him
3. Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen.
-> the dinner is being prepared in the kitchen
4. Some drunk drivers caused the accident in this city.
--> the accidents are caused in this city by some drunk drivers
I. Rewrite the second sentences so that they have the same meaning to the first one.
1. He has lived in Hanoi sice he was 12
--> He started living in hanoi when he was 12
2. I havenot seen her for a long time.
-->i didn't see her a long time ago
3. How long heve learnt French?
--> How long ago did you start to learn french?
4. When did you start to listen to classical music
--> How long have you listened to classical music?
5. I last saw her 10 years ago
--> I havenot seen her for 10 years
6. How long have you bought this car ?
--> When did you bought this car?
7. She started teaching the children in this remote village 5 months ago.
--> I have taught the children in this remote village for5 months
8. I began living in this HCMC when I was 8
--> I have lived in HCMC since i was 8
9. We started cooking for the party four hours ago.
--> We have cooked for the party for 4 hours
10. We began studying English when we were at primary school.
--> We have studied English since we were at primary school
II Change into Passive Voice.
1. My father waters this flower every morning.
-->this flower is watered by my father every mornig
2. John invited Fiona to his birthday party last night.
--> fiona was invited to john's birthday party last night
3. Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen.
-->the dinner is being prepared by her mother in the kitchen
4. Some drunk drivers caused the accident in this city.
-->The accident in this city was caused by some drunk drivers
1. He began to give up smoking last year.
-> He has..not smoked since last year.
2. They began to live in Ho Chi Minh City in 2000.
-> They have.lived in HCM City snce 2000..
3. He started to learn how to play the piano in 2005.
-> He has..learnt how to play the piano since 2005.
4. When did you start learning English?
-> How long..have you learnt English?.
5. How long have you learnt English?
-> When.did you start learning English?..
6. When did you first know Maryam?
-> How long is it since you first knew Maryam?
7. When did people first use the telephone?
-> How long is..it since people first used telephone?.
8. When did you start saving money?
-> How long..have you saved money?.
9. The last time i wrote to her was 2 years ago.
-> I haven’t..written to her for 2 years.
10. It hasn’t rained for 2 months.
-> The last time.it rained was 2 months ago..
11. I last talked to her in 2004.
-> I haven’t..talked to her since 2004.
12. It has been a long time since Lan lelf her school.
-> Lan..has left her school for a long time.
13. He hasn’t written to me for 2 months.
-> it has been.2 months since he last wrote to me..
14. She last heard that song three years ago.
-> It’s three.years since she last heard that song..
15. It’s 2 years since I saw her.
-> I haven’t..seen her for 2 years.
16. It’s ten years since Nam stopped playing the piano.
-> Nam hasn’t..played piano for 10 years.
17. Mary was last seen 20 minutes ago.
-> Mary hasn’t..been seen for 20 minutes.
18. The last time I saw David was in 1995.
-> I haven’t.seen David since 1995..
1. We have learned English for 7 years
=> We started learning English 7 years ago
2. Mr. Ba started to give up smoking last year
=> Mr. Ba has given up smoking since last year
3. Lien hadn't written time for a month
=> Lien didn't write time a month ago
4. He has lived in Ha Noi since he was 10
=> He started living in Ha Noi since he was 10
5. How long have you studied vietnamese ?
=> How long ago did you study vietnamese ?
Rewrite the following sentenses so that the second sentence means nearly exactly the same as the first one.
1. They have learnt English for ten years now.
=> They started to learn English ten years ago.
2. She started to give up smoking last year.
=> She has given up smoking since last year.
3. Tom and Mary have worked in that factory since 1990.
=> Tom and Mary started to work in that factory in 1990.
4. I haven't written to you for a month.
=> I last wrote to you a month ago.
5. I have lived in Hue since I was an eleven-year-old girl.
=> I started to live in Hue when I was an eleven-year-old girl.
6. He hasn't seen her for twelve years now.
=> He last saw her twelve years ago.
7. How long have you learned French?
=> How long ago did you learn French?
8. When did you start to listen to pop music?
=> How long have you listened to pop music?
...........Chúc bạn học tốt.............
-----------------------------
Rewrite the following sentenses so that the second sentence means nearly exactly the same as the first one.
1. They have learnt English for ten years now.
=> They started to learnt English ten years ago.
2. She started to give up smoking last year.
=> She has given up smoking for a year.
3. Tom and Mary have worked in that factory since 1990.
=> Tom and Mary started to work in the factory in 1990.
4. I haven't written to you for a month.
=> I last wrote to you a month ago.
5. I have lived in Hue since I was an eleven-year-old girl.
=> I started to live in Hue when I was an eleven-year-old girl.
6. He hasn't seen her for twelve years now.
=> He last saw her twevle years ago.
7. How long have you learned French?
=> How long ago did you start to learn French?
8. When did you start to listen to pop music?
=> How long have you listened to pop music?