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Ex 1: So-Such-Therefore-Too-Enough
1. The film was boring,..................Therefore...............I turned off the TV
2. The hotel was...........So....................noisy that they couldn't get to sleep
3. The new camera didn't work..........Therefore.............., he took it back to the shop
4. Jonh is..........Too..........young to ride a motobike
5. Jane is smart..............Enough...............to solve the problem
6. It was.............Such.............. a crowded bus that I couldn't get on it
7. Ha woke up late,.............Therefore................... she didn't have time for breakfast
8. The cake was...............So...............delicious that I ate it up
9. The holiday was disapointing. ..............Therefore....................., they decided to asked for the money back
10. Mr.Nam is ...............Too.................... old to play tennis now
Ex 2: Combine the two sentences into one sentence, using the work provided
1. Linh was out when we came. We left a message. (so)
=> Linh was out when we came so we left a message.
2. They didn't want to get home late. They took a taxi (therefore)
=> They didn't want to get home late. Therefore, they took a taxi
3. The book was very interesting. I couldn't put it down. (so.....that)
=> The book was so interesting that I couldn't put it down.
4. Minh is very strong. He can carry that heavy bag (enough)
=> Minh is strong enough to carry that heavy bag
5. He is very lazy. He cannot finish his work (too)
=> He is too lazy to finish his work
6. It is a very good play. Many people want to see it ( such......that)
=> It is such a good play that many people want to see it
7. I couldn't finish my homework last night. I was very sleepy ( so.....that)
=> I was so sleepy that I couldn't finish my homework last night.
8. That watch is very expensive. I can't afford it (too)
=> That watch is too expensive for me to afford
9. Your English is good. You can join the English club (enough)
=> Your English is good enough to join the English club
10. I live far from shool. I can't walk there (so)
=> I live so far from shool that I can't walk there
Adjective or adverb? Circle the correct word in each pair.
1. Edward felt sleepy/ sleepily after a big meal.
2. The theatre got quiet/ quietly when the movie began.
3. Leroy smiled cheerful/ cheerfully when the teacher gave him his grade.
4. That car looks quite comfortable/ comfortably
5. She tasted the spaghetti sauce careful/ carefully because it was very hot.
6. He grew more and more angry/angrily as she told him the story.
7. Marsha sighed heavy/ heavily at the thought of all the work she had to do.
8. A trip to the country sounds wonderful/ wonderfully.
9. They sounded alarm loud/ loudly when they smelled the smoke of the fire.
10. When her dog died, she cried very hard/ hardly for half an hour
11. The sun was shining bright/ brightly when we arrived at the beach.
12. You haven't cleaned the floor proper/properly. It's still dirty/ dirtily.
13. There was a terrible/ terribly accident on this road two days ago. Two people was killed and the driver of the car was serious/ seriously injured.
14. Rose seemed very unhappy/unhappily. She smiled sad/ sadly at me when she saw me.
15. He plays the piano very good/ well for someone of his age. He is a good/ well young pianist.
Match the two halves of the sentence. Then write the full sentence, using the word in bracket.
Exercise1: Using Present participle phrase to combine each pair of sentences into one.
1. Who saw the boy? He swam in the pool two hours ago.
Who saw the boy swimming in the pool two hours ago?
2. The man is a clown. He is trying to stand on a ball.
The man trying to stand on a ball is a clown
3. The envelope has no stamp on it. It lies on the table.
The envelope lying on the table has no stamp on it
4. My grandmother is old and sick. She never goes out of the house.
My grandmother never going out of the house is old and sick
5. The street is very wide. It leads to the school.
The street leading to the school is very wide
6. Mr. John is my friend. He teaches my son English.
Mr. John teaching my son English is my friend
7. The students are sitting for the exam. They are from Singapore.
The students from Singapore. are sitting for the exam
8. The fence surrounds our house. It is made of wood.
The fence surrounding our house is made of wood
9.The man works in this hospital. He can speak three foreign languages.
The man working in this hospital can speak three foreign languages.
10.A bus goes to the airport. It runs every half an hour.
A bus going to the airport runs every half an hour.
Exercise2: Using Past participle phrase to combine each pair of sentences into one.
1. We are driving on the road. It was built in 2000
We are driving on the road built in 2000
2. The vegetables are sold in this shop. They are grown without chemicals. ……
The vegetables grown without chemicals are sold in this shop
3. The energy is radiated by the sun. It can boil water and run machines.
The energy radiated by the sun can boil water and run machines.
4. Flowers are grown in Dalat. We exported them to foreign countries.
We exported Flowers grown in Dalat to foreign countries.
5. Cars are made in Korea. They are cheap and beautiful.
Cars made in Korea are cheap and beautiful.
6. “The Old Man and the Sea” was written by Hemingway. It is very interesting.
“The Old Man and the Sea” written by Hemingway is very interesting.
7. Penicillin has saved the lives of millions. It was discovered by Dr. Fleming.
Penicillin discovered by Dr. Fleming has saved the lives of millions
8. Rome, Paris and London are big cities. They are visited every year by millions of tourists.
Rome, Paris and London visited every year by millions of tourists are big cities
9. The Great Wall of China was built over 2,000 years ago. It is now one of the seven wonders of the world.
The Great Wall of China built over 2,000 years ago is now one of the seven wonders of the world.
10.The boy was taken to the hospital. He was injured in the accident
The boy injured in the accident was taken to the hospital
Exercise3: Using Present participle phrase or Past participle phrase to combine each pair of sentences into one.
1. The baby is crying for his mother. He is lying in the baby carriage.
The baby lying in the baby carriage is crying for his mother
2. The singer is Trong Tan. He is singing on the television
The singer singing on the television is Trong Tan.
3. The pottery vase is 100,000 dong. It is made in Bat Trang.
The pottery vase made in Bat Trang is 100,000 dong
4. The road is very narrow. It joins the two villages
The road joining the two villages is very narrow
5. Do you know the woman? The woman is talking to Sally
Do you know the woman talking to Sally?
6. The window has been repaired. It was broken last night.
The window broken last night. has been repaired
8. A bridge has been declared unsafe. It was built only two years ago.
A bridge built only two years ago has been declared unsafe
9. People don’t want to use the goods. They are produced in China.
People don’t want to use the goods produced in China.
10.The students are planting trees along the streets. They are volunteers.
The students planting trees along the streets are volunteers.
11.The book is about the boy. He ran away from the orphanage
The book is about the boy running away from the orphanage
12.Trinh Cong Son composed songs. They are greatly liked by millions of Vietnamese people.
Trinh Cong Son composed songs greatly liked by millions of Vietnamese people.
13. The little boy lost his way. He is crying over there.
The little boy crying over there. lost his way
14.The river is Saigon River. It flows through Ho Chi Minh City15. The paintings were stolen from the museum. They haven’t been found yet.
The river flowing through Ho Chi Minh City is Saigon River
The paintings stolen from the museum haven’t been found yet.
Bài tập về mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ kết quả trong tiếng Anh
1. The water was so cold that children could not swim in it
->The water isn't warm enough for the children to swim in
2. Mike is too young to see the horror fiml.
-> Mike is so young that he can't see the horror film
3. He acted so well that the audience was moved to tears.
-> He was such good actor that the audience was moved to tears
4. The paper mill is very large so it can satisfy the need of the whole country.
-> The paper mill is large enough to satisfy the need of the whole country
5. The policeman could not run very fast , so he was unable to eatch the burglar.
-> The policeman could not run fast enough to catch the burglar
6. Those exercises are easy so they could finish them in half an hour.
-> They are such easy exercises that they could finish them in half an hour
7. There is no much beer, so you can't all have a drink.
->There is too much beer for you to all have a drink
8, I am very tired so I must go to bed early.
-> I am so tired that i must go to bed early
9. Peter is too young to ride a bike.
-> Peter is so young that he can't ride a bike
10. This iron bar is too cold for them to go out.
-> It is such a cold iron bar that they can't go out
11. He spoke too fast for anybody to understand.
-> He was such a fast speaker that nobody could understand
12. The weather is too cold for them to go out.
-> It is such cold weather that they can't go out
13. This tea is too hot for him to do drink.
-> It is such hot tea that he can't drink
14. The cake was too hard for me to eat.
-> The cake wasn't easy enough for me to eat
15. The production is too small to satisfy the need of our city.
-> The production is so small that it can't satisfy the need of our city
16. She isn't very intelligent so she can't do that exercises.
=> She isn't intelligent enough to do that exercises
17. The problem was too complicated for them to solve in a few months.
-> It was such complicated problem that they couldn't solve in a few months
18. The man was too tired to say a word.
-> The man was so tired that he couldn't say a word
19. My sister is too busy to help them.
-> My sister is so busy that she can't help them
20. Peter is too young to take part in the club.
-> Peter isn't old enough to take part in the club
Rewrite these sentences using the cues provided with SO/SUCH?TOO/ENOUGH
1) We went to bed early because we were very tired.
-> We were so…tired that we went to bed early…………………..
2) The lesson is very difficlut. We can’t understand it.
-> It is such………a difficult lesson that we can't understand it………………………..
3) The car is so old that he doesn’t want to drive it.
-> It is such……an old car that he doesn't want to drive it……………………..
4) The weather was very cold. We couldn’t go out.
-> The weather was too……cold for us to go out……...
5) The film was so interesting that we couldn’t miss it.
-> It was such……an interesting film that we couldn't miss it…………..
6) David has too many girlfriends . He can’t remember all of their names.
-> David has so………many girlfriends that he can't remember all of their names………...
7) Tome drive too fast, so he often causes accidents.
-> Tom drives so……fast that he ofen causes accidents……………….
8) This is good tea. I think I’ll have another cup.
-> This is such…good tea that I think I'll have another cup……………………….....
9) John was very angry. He couldn’t say anything.
-> John was too……angry to say anything………………………..
10) These exercises are so long that I can’t finish them in an hour.
-> They are……such long exercises that I can't finish them in an hour………….
Use a relative pronoun or relative adverb to combine each pair of sentences below
1) I looked at the moon. It was very bright that evening
-> I looked at the moon which was very bright that evening
2) my father goes swimming everyday . You met him this morning
-> my father, whom you met this morning, goes swimming everyday
3) That car belongs to Dr Clark. It's engine is very good
-> That car whose engine is very good belongs to Dr Clark
4) In the class there are 48 students. The teacher knows only a few of them
-> In the class there are 48 students, only a few of whom the teacher knows
5) The pupils haven't done their homework. It is too bad
-> The pupils haven't done their homework, which is too bad
6) We first met in 1945. The revolution took place then
-> We first met in 1945, when the revolution took place then
7)the girl is happy. She won the race
-> The girl who won the race is happy
8) the taxi driver is friendly. He took me to the airport
-> the taxi driver who took me to the airport is friendly
9)I liked the composition. You wrote it
-> I liked the composition which you wrote
10)the people we're very nice. We visited them yesterday
-> the people whom we visited yesterday were very nice
11)the meeting was interesting. I went to it
-> the meeting which I went to was interesting
12)the picture was beautiful. She was looking at it
-> the picture which she was looking at was beautiful
13)I apologized the woman. I spilled her coffee
-> I apologized the woman whose coffee I spilled
14)the professor is excellent. I'm taking her course
-> the professor whose course I'm taking is excellent
15) the man called the police. His wallet was stolen
-> the man whose wallet was stolen called the police
Adverb clause of reason :
1.They like him because he is kind.
➝Because of his kindness,they like him
2. I can't sleep because it is cold
➝Because of the cold weather,I can't sleep
3. We came late because there was a traffic jam
➝Because of I can't sleep the traffic jam,we came late
4. She went to bed early because she felt tired
➝Because of her tiredness ,she went to bed early
5. The test is difficult, so we can't do it
➝Because The test is difficult, we can't do it
6. They đin't go for a picnic because there was a storm
➝Because of a storm,they đin't go for a picnic
7. I can't study because it is noisy outside
➝Because of being noisy outside,I can't study
8. All the teacher love him because his conduct is good
➝Because of his good conduct ,all the teacher love him
9. Because she didn't get up early, she missedthe first bus
➝Because of not getting up early, she missedthe first bus
10. Because there was a strike, the workers stopped working
➝Because of a strike, the workers stopped working
11. We couldn't drive because the streets are crowded
➝Because of the crowded streets ,we couldn't drive
12. She worked very hard to earn a lot of money because her mother was sick
➝Because of her mother's sickness,She worked very hard to earn a lot of money
13. She didn't go to school because she was sick
➝Because of her sickness,She didn't go to school
14. Because it snowed continuously, we couldn't go out
➝Because of the continuous snow, we couldn't go out
15. The accident happened because the driver was careless
➝Because of the careless driver ,the accident happened
16. Because the door was broken, we decied to fix it
➝Because of the broken door , we decied to fix it
17. Because my friend was absent, I must copy all lesson for him
➝Because of my friend's absence , I must copy all lesson for him
18. Although she was clever, she didn't succeed
➝ In spite of being clever, she didn't succeed
19. Although my grandfather is cold, he walks to the pagoda every day
➝In spite of being cold, my grandfather walks to the pagoda every day
20. He is unhappy though he has good salary
➝In spite of having good salary,He is unhappy
Adverb clause of reason :
1.They like him because he is kind.
➝Because of his kindness, they like him
2. I can't sleep because it is cold
➝ Because of the cold weather, I can't sleep
3. We came late because there was a traffic jam
➝ Because of the traffic jam, we came late
4. She went to bed early because she felt tired
➝ Because of feeling tired, she went to bed early
5. The test is difficult, so we can't do it
➝ Because of the difficult test, we can't do it
6. They đin't go for a picnic because there was a storm
➝ Because of the storm, they didn't go for a picnic
7. I can't study because it is noisy outside
➝ Because of the noise outside, I can't study
8. All the teacher love him because his conduct is good
➝ All the teacher love him because of his good conduct
9. Because she didn't get up early, she missedthe first bus
➝ She missed the first bus because of not getting up early
10. Because there was a strike, the workers stopped working
➝ Because of the strike, the workers stopped working
11. We couldn't drive because the streets are crowded
➝ Because of the crowded streets, we couldn't drive
12. She worked very hard to earn a lot of money because her mother was sick
➝ Because of her mother's sickness, she worked very hard to earn a lot of money
13. She didn't go to school because she was sick
➝ She didn't go to school because of her sickness
14. Because it snowed continuously, we couldn't go out
➝ Because of the continuous snow, we couldn't go out
15. The accident happened because the driver was careless
➝ The accident happened because of the careless driver
16. Because the door was broken, we decied to fix it
➝ Because of the broken door, we decided to fix it
17. Because my friend was absent, I must copy all lesson for him
➝ Because of my friend's absence, I must copy all lesson for him
18. Although she was clever, she didn't succeed
➝ In spite of her cleverness, she didn't succeed
19. Although my grandfather is cold, he walks to the pagoda every day
➝ Despite being cold, my grandfather walks to the pagoda every day
20. He is unhappy though he has good salary
➝ Inspite of his good salary, he is unhappy
Rew the follwing sentences, using the structure''so....that'' or ''such... that''.
1.) The road is narrow. It is diffcult for two cars to pass each other.
The road is so_narrow that it is difficult for two cars to pass each other ______________________________________________
2.) The children didn't want to go to bed early because the TV proramme was very interesting.
The TV programme was so_interesting that thư children didn't want to go to bed early _________________________________________________________
3.) The streets are very crowded. Traffic jams usually happen.
The streets are so_ crowded that traffic jams usually happen_____________________________________
4.) The weather was lovely. We spent the whole day in the garden.
It was such_lovely weather that we spent the whole day in the garden ________________________________________________
5.) The sightseeing tour was wonderful. We all enjoyed it.
I was such_a tour sightseeing that we all enjoyed_________________________________________
6.) The spokesperson gave a long tlk. Most of the audience felt sleepy.
The spokesperson gave such a long tlk that most of the audience felt sleepy ____________________________________
7.) The book is very interesting. We have read it many times.
It is such an ininteresting book that we have read many times______________________________________________
8.) The 22nd SEA Games were a great event. Many people watched them on TV.
The 22nd SEA Games were such_a great event that many people watched on TV___________________________________________