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The search (26) for alternative sources of energy has led in various directions. Many communi- ties are burning garbage (27) and other biological waste products to produce electricity. Converting waste products to gases or oil (28) is also an efficient way to dispose of waste.
Experimental work is being done to derive synthetic fuels (29) from coal, oil, shale and coal tars. However that process (30) has proved to be expensive. Other experiments that are underway to harness power with giant windmills are also (31) being tested.
Some experts expect utility companies to receive hydroelectric power (32) derived from streams and rivers. Fifty years (33) ago hydroelectric power provided one third of the electricity used in the United States, but today it supplies only four percent. The oceans are another potential sources of energy. Scientists are studying ways to convert the energy of ocean currents, tides and waves (34) to electricity. Experiments are also underway to make use (35) of temperature differences in ocean water to produce energy.
Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.
Light pollution is not (1)…….. serious as water or air pollution. (2)………, it is the type of pollution that (3)……….. more in cities than in rural areas. In the past, we could sit out at night and (4)………..at glittering stars in the sky and light from objects in the outer space. Nowadays, cities are covered with lights from buildings , streets , advertising displays, many of which direct the lights up into the sky and into many unwanted places. The real problem is that it is very (5)…….to apply light to almost everything at night . Millions of tons of oil and coal (6)……...to produce the power to light the sky. Eye strain, (7)…………..of vision and stress are what people may get from light pollution. (8)………..light at night can harm our eyes and also harm the hormones that help us to see things properly.
1.A. more B.as C. much D. only
2.A. Moreover B. However C.Therefore D. Nevertheless
3.A. happen B. occur C. occurs D. is occurred
4.A.watch B. see C. spend D. gaze
5.A. waste B. wastes C. wasting D. wasteful
6.A. used B. using C. is used D. are used
7.A. lose B. lost C. loss D. losing
8.A. Very much B. Too much C. Too many D. So many
Trả lời:
1. overpackaged
2. representatives
3. naturals
4. dangerous
5. recycling
6. fertilizer
7. recycling/ readers
8. mixture
~Học tốt!~
III. Give the correct form of the words in the brackets:
1. Reduce means not buying products which are ______overpackaged_______. (overpackage)
2. Linda is one of the _______representatives_______ from Friends of the Earth. (represent)
3. The country‟s _______naturals_______ resources include forests, coal and oil. (nature)
4. It‟s _______dangerous________ to across the avenue. (danger)
5. They are taking part in the _____recycling_____ program of the school. (recycle)
6. Compost is a wonderful _______fertilizer________. It helps plants grow. (fertilize)
7. Share your _______recycling_______ (recycle) story with our _______readers_______ (read).
8. Air is a _______mixture________ of gases. (mix)
Give the correct form of the words given to complete the sentences.
1.The _______contaminaion_______ of lakes, rivers, oceans or underwater CONTAMINATE
water pollution.
2. The street doesn’t look_______attractive______ because it has a lot of rubbish.ATTRACT
3. The music club made so much noise that the_____residents_____ complained to REDIDE
its owner.
4. Are all types of pollution_____harmful_____ to the health of humans and animals? HARM
5. The______environmentalists_______ are concerned about the oil spills in East Sea. ENVIROMENT
6. Dumping ______industrial_____waste into the lakes and rivers has caused INDUSTRY
Serious water pollution.
7. Many people in this area have cholera because they drink ____untreated_____water. TREAT
8.Examples of primary________pollutants________are exhaust fumes from cars, POLLUTE
soot from smoke and ash from volcanic eruption.
9. If we use water______carefully______ , more people will have fresh water. CARE
10. The polluted water results in the ____death_____of many aquatic animals DIE
And plants.
III. Combine the sentences in each pair into a new sentence that shows a cause/effect relationship. Use the words in brackets.
1.Many rivers and lakes are poisoned. Factories produce waste and pour it into rivers and lakes. (because)
-> Because factories produce waste and pour it into rivers and lakes, many rivers and lakes are poisoned.
2. The environment is polluted. Birds leave their habitats and plants die. (make)
-> The pollution of the environment makes birds leave their habitats and plants die.
3. Plastic bags are a major source of waste. We should not throw plastic bags everywhere. (so).
-> Plastic bags are a major source of waste so we should not throw plastic bags everywhere.
4. The food is contaminated. People’s health is poor. (results in)
-> The contamination of the food results in people's poor health.
5. Factories release fumes. The air breathe gets polluted. (due to)
-> The air breathe gets polluted due to the release of fumes from factories.
IV. Combine each pair of sentences to form a conditional sentence, using “if” Type 2.
1.The factory is located near our village. There is air pollution and noise pollution.
-> If the factory weren't located near our village, there wouldn't be air pollution and noise pollution.
2. The local people have to use water from the polluted river. They don’t have fresh water.
-> If the local people had fresh water, they wouldn't have to use water from the polluted river.
3. Trees and grasses cannot grow here. The soil is badly polluted.
-> If the soil weren't badly polluted, trees and grass could grow here.
4. Mr Quang works in a noisy environment. His hearing becomes worse.
-> If Mr Quang didn't work in a noisy environment, his hearing wouldn't become worse.
Give the correct form of the words given to complete the sentences.
1.The _______contaminaion_______ of lakes, rivers, oceans or underwater CONTAMINATE
water pollution.
2. The street doesn’t look_______attractive______ because it has a lot of rubbish.ATTRACT
3. The music club made so much noise that the_____residents_____ complained to REDIDE
its owner.
4. Are all types of pollution_____harmful_____ to the health of humans and animals? HARM
5. The______environmentalists_______ are concerned about the oil spills in East Sea. ENVIROMENT
6. Dumping ______industrial_____waste into the lakes and rivers has caused INDUSTRY
Serious water pollution.
7. Many people in this area have cholera because they drink ____untreated_____water. TREAT
8.Examples of primary________pollutants________are exhaust fumes from cars, POLLUTE
soot from smoke and ash from volcanic eruption.
9. If we use water______carefully______ , more people will have fresh water. CARE
10. The polluted water results in the ____death_____of many aquatic animals DIE
And plants.
III. Combine the sentences in each pair into a new sentence that shows a cause/effect relationship. Use the words in brackets.
1.Many rivers and lakes are poisoned. Factories produce waste and pour it into rivers and lakes. (because)
-> Because factories produce waste and pour it into rivers and lakes, many rivers and lakes are poisoned.
2. The environment is polluted. Birds leave their habitats and plants die. (make)
-> The pollution of the environment makes birds leave their habitats and plants die.
3. Plastic bags are a major source of waste. We should not throw plastic bags everywhere. (so).
-> Plastic bags are a major source of waste so we should not throw plastic bags everywhere.
4. The food is contaminated. People’s health is poor. (results in)
-> The contamination of the food results in people's poor health.
5. Factories release fumes. The air breathe gets polluted. (due to)
-> The air breathe gets polluted due to the release of fumes from factories.
IV. Combine each pair of sentences to form a conditional sentence, using “if” Type 2.
1.The factory is located near our village. There is air pollution and noise pollution.
-> If the factory weren't located near our village, there wouldn't be air pollution and noise pollution.
2. The local people have to use water from the polluted river. They don’t have fresh water.
-> If the local people had fresh water, they wouldn't have to use water from the polluted river.
3. Trees and grasses cannot grow here. The soil is badly polluted.
-> If the soil weren't badly polluted, trees and grass could grow here.
4. Mr Quang works in a noisy environment. His hearing becomes worse.
-> If Mr Quang didn't work in a noisy environment, his hearing wouldn't become worse.
Read and put the headings into the correct paragraphs.
(There is one extra)
1. Effect on health of humans
2. Effect on growth of plants
3. Decreased soil fertility
4. Toxic dust
5. Changes in temperature
6. Changes in soil structure
Effects of Soil Pollution
1. : Considering how soil is the reason we are
able to sustain ourselves, the contamination of it has major consequences on our
health. Crops and plants grown on polluted soil absorb much of the pollution and
then pass these on to us. This could explain the sudden surge in small and terminal
illnesses.
Effect on health of humans
2. : The ecological balance of any system gets
affected due to the widespread contamination of the soil. Most plants are unable to
adapt when the chemistry of the soil changes so radically in a short period of time.
Fungi and bacteria found in the soil that bind it together begin to decline, which
creates an additional problem of soil erosion.
Effect on growth of plants
3. : The toxic chemicals present in the soil can
decrease soil fertility and therefore decrease in the soil yield. The contaminated soil
is then used to produce fruits and vegetables which lacks quality nutrients and may
contain some poisonous substance to cause serious health problems in people
consuming them.
Decreased soil fertility
4. : The emission of toxic and foul gases from
landfills pollutes the environment and causes serious effects on health of some
people. The unpleasant smell causes inconvenience to other people.
Toxic Dust
5. : The death of many soil organisms (e.g.
earthworms) in the soil can lead to alteration in soil structure. Apart from that, it
could also force other predators to move to other places in search of food.
Changes in soil structure
Choose the appropriate options to complete the sentences in passive or active form.
1. Camera footage shows that illegal goods ---- into the warehouse last week.
are being smuggled
smuggled
are smuggled
were smuggled
2. Millions of tons of coal ---- every day to produce energy.
are burning
are burnt
burnt
will burn
3. According to studies, single women often lack satisfactory life Insurance coverage and 64 percent of American women --- life insurance at all.
aren't carried
don't carry
weren't carried
didn't carry
4. The taste of the coffee ---- by how and where the coffee bean is grown.
should have affected
has to be affected
can be affected
could affect
5. Many teachers agree that one's language skills ---- by listening to others.
could have improved
can improve
used to improved
can be improved
6. The board ---- to consider a range of options by many, including Microsoft raising its offer in an attempt to break the stalemate between the companies.
was expected
is expecting
will expect
has expected
7. New methods of dating ancient footprints show that the first Americans --- there at least 25,000 years earlier than thought.
must be settled
should be settled
can settle
may have settled
8. The CSU team today ---- an updated forecast that predicts eight hurricanes - four of them with winds exceeding 110 miles.
has released
may be released
had released
is released
9. There are many factors behind the sharp increase in the oil price, which ---- most of the time.
had been overlooked
have been overlooked
are overlooking
will overlook
10. The hundreds of millions of people who live on the border of poverty ---- with the threat of starvation now.
are faced
had faced
had bee faced
faced
11. When I ---- him two weeks ago, he told me that he had returned from the South of France.
met
have met
will be met
may be met
12. As education, culture and the level of income ---- better, needs also expand and reach new dimensions.
got
get
getting
to get
13. When he heard the accusations against him, the man ---- that he himself was the actual victim of the crime.
alleged
was alleged
has alleged
will be alleged
14. As I have put on weight recently, I have to get the tailor ---- my suit before my graduation ceremony.
fix
fixed
to fixing
to fix
15. The best thing that you can do to extend the life of your car is to have your car ---- on a routine basis.
to service
to be serviced
service
serviced