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2a) \(4x^2-1=\left(2x\right)^2-1^2=\left(2x+1\right)\left(2x-1\right)\)
b) \(x^2+16x+64=\left(x+8\right)^2\)
c) \(x^3-8y^3=x^3-\left(2y\right)^3\)
\(=\left(x-2y\right)\left(x^2+2xy+4y^2\right)\)
d) \(9x^2-12xy+4y^2=\left(3x-2y\right)^2\)
Bài 1:
- a,(2+xy)^2=4+4xy+x^2y^2
- b,(5-3x)^2=25-30x+9x^2
- d,(5x-1)^3=125x^3 - 75x^2 + 15x^2 - 1
a, -x - y2 + x2 - y = (x2 - y2) - (x + y)
= (x - y)(x + y) - (x + y)
= (x + y)(x - y - 1)
b, x( x + y ) - 5x - 5y = x(x + y) - 5(x + y)
= (x - 5)(x + y)
c, x2 - 5x + 5y - y2 = (x - y)(x + y) - 5(x - y)
= (x - y)(x + y - 5)
d, 5x3 - 5x2y - 10x2 + 10xy = 5x2(x - y) - 10x(x - y)
= 5x(x - y)(x - 2)
e, 27x3 - 8y3 = (3x - 2y)(9x2 + 6xy + 4y2)
f, x2 - y2 - x - y = (x - y)(x + y) - (x + y)
= (x + y)(x - y - 1)
g, x2 - y2 - 2xy + y2 = (x2 - 2xy + y2) - y2
= (x - y)2 - y2
= (x - y - y)(x - y + y) = x(x - 2y)
h, x2 - y2 + 4 - 4x = (x2 - 4x + 4) - y2
= (x - 2)2 - y2
= (x - y - 2)(x + y - 2)
i, x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 1 - 27z3 = (x + 1)3 - 27z3
= (x+1-3z)(x2+2x+1+3xz+3z+9z2)
k, 4x2 + 4x - 9y2 + 1 = (2x + 1)2 - 9y2
= (2x - 3y + 1)(2x + 3y + 1)
m, x2 - 3x + xy - 3y = x(x - 3) + y(x - 3)
= (x - 3)(x + y)
bài 1
a, \(x^2+9y^2-6xy=\left(x-3y\right)^2\)
thay x = 19 , y = 3 vào biểu thức trên ta có
\(\left(19-3.3\right)^2=100\)
b, \(x^3-6x^2y+12xy^2-8y^3=\left(x-2y\right)^3\)
thay x = 12 và y = -4 vào biểu thức trên ta có
\(\left(12-2.\left(-4\right)\right)^3=8000\)
bài 4
a, \(x\left(4x^2-1\right)=0\)
=> \(x\left(2x-1\right)\left(2x+1\right)=0\)
=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\2x-1=0\\2x+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=\dfrac{1}{2}\\x=\dfrac{-1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, \(x^3-x^2-x+1=0\)
=> \(x^2\left(x-1\right)-\left(x-1\right)=0\)
=> \(\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2-1\right)=0\)
=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\x^2-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, \(2x^2-5x-7=0\)
=> \(2x^2-7x+2x-7=0\)
=> \(2x\left(x+1\right)-7\left(x+1\right)=0\)
=> \(\left(x+1\right)\left(2x-7\right)=0\)
=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+1=0\\2x-7=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\x=\dfrac{7}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 2: Rút gọn biểu thức:
a) \(3\left(x-y\right)^2-2\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=3\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)-2\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)-\left(x^2-y^2\right)\)
\(=3x^2-6xy+3y^2-2x^2+4xy+2y^2-x^2+y^2\)
\(=2y^2-2xy\)
b)\(2\left(2x+5\right)^2-3\left(4x+1\right)\left(1-4x\right)\)
\(=2\left(2x+5\right)^2-3\left(1+4x\right)\left(1-4x\right)\)
\(=2\left(4x^2+20x+25\right)-3\left(1-16x^2\right)\)
\(=8x^2+40x+50-3+48x^2\)
\(=56x^2+40x+47\)