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Bài 7: Phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử
a) Ta có: \(a^2-b^2-2a+2b\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)-2\left(a-b\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b-2\right)\)
b) Ta có: \(3x-3y-5x\left(y-x\right)\)
\(=3\left(x-y\right)+5x\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(3+5x\right)\)
c) Ta có: \(16-x^2+4xy-4y^2\)
\(=16-\left(x^2-4xy+4y^2\right)\)
\(=16-\left(x-2y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(4-x+2y\right)\left(4+x-2y\right)\)
d) Ta có: \(\left(x-y+4\right)^2-\left(2x+3y-1\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x-y+4-2x-3y+1\right)\left(x-y+4+2x+3y-1\right)\)
\(=\left(5-x-4y\right)\left(3x+2y+3\right)\)
e) Ta có: \(x^4+x^3+2x^2+x+1\)
\(=\left(x^4+2x^2+1\right)+\left(x^3+x\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+1\right)^2+x\left(x^2+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x^2+1+x\right)\)
f) Ta có: \(\left(x+3\right)^3+\left(x-3\right)^3\)
\(=\left(x+3+x-3\right)\left[\left(x+3\right)^2-\left(x+3\right)\left(x-3\right)+\left(x-3\right)^2\right]\)
\(=2x\cdot\left[x^2+6x+9-\left(x^2-9\right)+x^2-6x+9\right]\)
\(=2x\cdot\left(2x^2+18-x^2+9\right)\)
\(=2x\cdot\left(x^2+27\right)\)
g) Ta có: \(9x^2-3xy+y-6x+1\)
\(=\left(9x^2-6x+1\right)-y\left(3x-1\right)\)
\(=\left(3x-1\right)^2-y\left(3x-1\right)\)
\(=\left(3x-1\right)\left(3x-1-y\right)\)
h) Ta có: \(x^3-4x^2+12x-27\)
\(=x^3-3x^2-x^2+3x+9x-27\)
\(=x^2\left(x-3\right)-x\left(x-3\right)+9\left(x-3\right)\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2-x+9\right)\)
\(3x^3y^2-6x^2y^3+9x^2y^2=3x^2y^2\left(x-2y+3\right)\)
\(5x^2y^3-25x^3y^4+10x^3y^3=5x^2y^3\left(1-5xy+2x\right)\)
\(12x^2y-18xy^2-3xy^2=3xy\left(4x-6y-y\right)\)
\(5\left(x-y\right)-y\left(x-y\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(5-y\right)\)
\(y\left(x-z\right)+7\left(z-x\right)=y\left(x-z\right)-7\left(x-z\right)=\left(x-z\right)\left(y-7\right)\)
\(27x^2\left(y-1\right)-9x^3\left(1-y\right)=27x^2\left(y-1\right)+9x^3\left(y-1\right)=9x^2\left(y-1\right)\left(3-x\right)\)
a/ \(=3y^2-6y-2x+1\)
b/ \(=-\left(x^3-3x^2+3x-1\right)=-\left(x-1\right)^3\)
c/ \(=\left(2-x\right)^3\)
d/ \(=xy^2+x^2y+3xy+x^2y+x^3+3x^2-3xy-3x^2-9x\)
\(=xy\left(y+x+3\right)+x^2\left(y+x+3\right)-3x\left(y+x+3\right)\)
\(=\left(xy+x^2-3x\right)\left(y+x+3\right)=x\left(y+x-3\right)\left(y+x+3\right)\)
e/ \(=xy-x^2+2x-y^2+xy-2y\)
\(=x\left(y-x+2\right)-y\left(y-x+2\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(y-x+2\right)\)
a) =(2x+3y-1)2
b)=-(x-1)3
c)=-(x3-6x2+12x-8)=-(x-2)3
d)x3 + 2x2y + xy2 – 9x
= x(x2 + 2xy + y2 -9)
= x[(x2 + 2xy + y2) - 32]
= x[(x + y)2 - 32]
= x (x + y – 3)(x + y + 3)
e) 2x-2y-x2+2xy-y2=2(x-y)-(x-y)2=(x-y)(2-x+y)
a. \(\left(x+y\right)^3+\left(x-y\right)^3\)
\(=x^3+3x^2y+3xy^2+y^3+x^3-3x^2y+3xy^2-y^3\)
\(=2x^3+6xy^2\)
\(=2x\left(x^2+6y^2\right)\)
b. \(x^3-y^3+2x^2-2y^2\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)+2\left(x^2-y^2\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)+2\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2+2x+2y\right)\)
c. \(x^3-y^3-3x^2+3x-1\)
\(=\left(x^3-3x^2+3x-1\right)-y^3\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^3-y^3\)
\(=\left(x-1-y\right)\left[\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)y+y^2\right]\)
\(=\left(x-y-1\right)\left(x^2+y^2+xy-2x-y+1\right)\)
a,\(xy+3x-7y-21\)
\(=x\left(y+3\right)-7\left(y+3\right)\)
\(=\left(y+3\right)\left(x-7\right)\)
\(b,2xy-15-6x+5y\)
\(=\left(2xy-6x\right)+\left(-15+5y\right)\)
\(=2x\left(y-3\right)-5\left(3-y\right)\)
\(=2x\left(y-3\right)+5\left(y-3\right)\)
\(=\left(y-3\right)\left(2x+5\right)\)
a, 5x2 - 45x = 5x(x - 9)
b, 3x3y - 6x2y - 3xy3 - 6axy2 - 3a2xy + 3xy
= 3xy(x2 - 2x - y2 - 2ay - a2 + 1)
= 3xy[ (x2 - 2x + 1) - (a2 + 2ay + y2) ]
= 3xy[ (x - 1)2 - (a + y)2 ]
= 3xy(x - 1 + a + y)(x - 1 - a - y)
f, 3xy2 - 12xy + 12x
= 3x(y2 - 4y + 4)
= 3x(y - 2)2
g, 2x2 - 8x + 8
= 2(x2 - 4x + 4)
= 2(x - 2)2
h, 5x3 + 10x2y + 5xy2
= 5x( x2 + 2xy + y2 )
= 5x(x + y)2
k, x2 + 4x - 2xy - 4y + y2
= (x2 - 2xy + y2) + (4x - 4y)
= (x - y)2 + 4(x - y)
= (x - y)(x - y + 4)
i, x3 + ax2 - 4a - 4x
= (x3 - 4x) + (ax2 - 4a)
= x(x2 - 4) + a(x2 - 4)
= (x + a)(x2 - 4)
= (x + a)(x + 2)(x - 2)
Chúc bạn học tốt !