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Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐt cauchy dạng phân thức:
\(\dfrac{1}{2x+y}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y}\ge\dfrac{4}{3\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(3x+3y\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2x+y}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y}\right)\ge\left(3x+3y\right).\dfrac{4}{3x+3y}=4\)
dấu = xảy ra khi 2x+y=x+2y <=> x=y
Bài 2:
ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{d}\ge\dfrac{4^2}{a+b+c+d}=\dfrac{16}{a+b+c+d}\)(theo BĐt cauchy-schwarz)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b+c+d}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{d}\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT trên vào bài toán ta có:
\(A=\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)\)\(A\le\dfrac{1}{16}.4\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
......
dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c
Bài 2:
Áp dụng BĐT cauchy cho 2 số dương:
\(a^2+1\ge2a\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{a^2+1}\le\dfrac{a}{2a}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
thiết lập tương tự:\(\dfrac{b}{b^2+1}\le\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{c}{c^2+1}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
cả 2 vế các BĐT đều dương ,cộng vế với vế,ta có dpcm
dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
Bài 2:
a) \(A=\dfrac{a^2}{bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{ca}+\dfrac{c^2}{ab}\)
\(A=\dfrac{a^3}{abc}+\dfrac{b^3}{abc}+\dfrac{c^3}{abc}\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{abc}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{abc}\left[\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3\right]\)
Vì \(a+b+c=0\)
Nên a + b = -c (1)
Thay (1) vào A, ta được:
\(A=\dfrac{1}{abc}\left[\left(-c\right)^3-3ab\left(-c\right)+c^3\right]\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{abc}.3abc\)
\(A=3\)
b) \(B=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-b^2-c^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-c^2-a^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-a^2-b^2}\)
\(B=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-\left(b^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-\left(c^2+a^2\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)
Vì \(a+b+c=0\)
Nên b + c = -a
=> ( b + c )2 = (-a)2
=> b2 + c2 + 2bc = a2
=> b2 + c2 = a2 - 2bc (1)
Tương tự ta có: c2 + a2 = b2 - 2ac (2)
a2 + b2 = c - 2ab (3)
Thay (1), (2) và (3) vào B, ta được:
\(B=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-\left(a^2-2bc\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-\left(b^2-2ac\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-\left(c^2-2ab\right)}\)
\(B=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-a^2+2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-b^2+2ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-c^2+2ab}\)
\(B=\dfrac{a^2}{2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{2ab}\)
\(B=\dfrac{a^3}{2abc}+\dfrac{b^3}{2abc}+\dfrac{c^3}{2abc}\)
\(B=\dfrac{1}{2abc}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
Mà \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\) ( câu a )
\(\Rightarrow B=\dfrac{1}{2abc}.3abc\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Bài 1:
a) GT: abc = 2
\(M=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+2}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{2c}{ac+2c+2}\)
\(M=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+abc}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{2cb}{abc+2cb+2b}\)
\(M=\dfrac{a}{a\left(b+1+bc\right)}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{2cb}{2+2cb+2b}\)
\(M=\dfrac{1}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{2cb}{2\left(1+cb+b\right)}\)
\(M=\dfrac{1}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(M=\dfrac{1+b+bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(M=1\)
b) GT: abc = 1
\(N=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{c}{ac+c+1}\)
\(N=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+abc}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{cb}{b\left(ac+c+1\right)}\)
\(N=\dfrac{a}{a\left(b+1+bc\right)}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{bc}{abc+bc+b}\)
\(N=\dfrac{1}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(N=\dfrac{1+b+bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(N=1\)
a, \(\dfrac{x^2-x}{x-2}+\dfrac{4-3x}{x-2}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^2-x+4-3x}{x-2}=\dfrac{x^2-4x+4}{x-2}\)
c) \(\dfrac{2}{x^2-9}+\dfrac{1}{x+3}\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{x+3}=\dfrac{1\left(x-3\right)}{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-3\right)}=\dfrac{x-3}{x^2-9}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2}{x^2-9}+\dfrac{1}{x+3}=\dfrac{2}{x^2-9}+\dfrac{x-3}{x^2-9}=\dfrac{2+x-3}{x^2-9}=\dfrac{x-1}{x^2-9}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacốpxki dạng phân thức có
\(\dfrac{a^2}{a+2b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{b+2c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{c+2a^2}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+2b^2+b+2c^2+c+2a^2}=\dfrac{9}{3+2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\) (1)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacốpxki có:
\(\left(a.1+b.1+c.1\right)^2\ge\left(1+1+1\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow9\ge3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\Rightarrow3\ge a^2+b^2+c^2\Rightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\le6\) (2)
Thay (2) vào (1) có \(\dfrac{a^2}{a+b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{b+2c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{c+a^2}\ge\dfrac{9}{3+6}=1\) (đpcm)
Dấu = xảy ra khi a= b=c=1
Bài 1:
a). Ta có: a < b
=> -6a > -6b
mà 3 > 1
=> \(3-6a>1-6b\)
b)
Ta có: a < b
=> a - 2 < b - 2
=> \(7\left(a-2\right)< 7\left(b-2\right)\)
c)
Ta có: a < b
=> -2a > -2b
=> 1 - 2a > 1 - 2b
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1-2a}{3}>\dfrac{1-2b}{3}\)
e) = \(\dfrac{3}{2\left(x+3\right)}\) - \(\dfrac{x-6}{2x\left(x+3\right)}\)
= \(\dfrac{3x}{2x\left(x+3\right)}\) - \(\dfrac{x-6}{2x\left(x+3\right)}\) = \(\dfrac{3x-x+6}{2x\left(x+3\right)}\)
= \(\dfrac{2x-6}{2x\left(x+3\right)}\)
= \(\dfrac{2\left(x-3\right)}{2x\left(x+3\right)}\)
c) = \(\dfrac{2\left(a^3-b^3\right)}{3\left(a+b\right)}\) . \(\dfrac{6\left(a+b\right)}{a^2-2ab+b^2}\)
= \(\dfrac{-2\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)}{3\left(a+b\right)}\) . \(\dfrac{6\left(a+b\right)}{a^2-2ab+b^2}\)
= \(\dfrac{-2\left(a+b\right)}{1}\) . \(\dfrac{2}{1}\) = -4 (a+b)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\left(1^2+1^2+1^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2=9^2\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge9\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\)
Lại có: \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ac\forall a,b,c\)
\(\Rightarrow3\ge ab+bc+ac\Rightarrow ab+bc+ac\le3\)
Bất đẳng thức ban đầu tương đương với:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{a\left(b^2+1\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{b\left(c^2+1\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{c\left(a^2+1\right)}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{a\left(b^2+1\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{b\left(c^2+1\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{c\left(a^2+1\right)}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a\left(b^2+1\right)+b\left(c^2+1\right)+c\left(a^2+1\right)}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a\left(b^2+1\right)\ge a\cdot2\sqrt{b^2}=2ba\\b\left(c^2+1\right)\ge b\cdot2\sqrt{c^2}=2cb\\c\left(a^2+1\right)\ge c\cdot2\sqrt{a^2}=2ac\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{a\left(b^2+1\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{b\left(c^2+1\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{c\left(a^2+1\right)}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Mà \(ab+bc+ca\le3\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\cdot3}=\dfrac{9}{6}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(VT=\dfrac{a}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{b}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{c}{a^2+1}\)
\(VT=a-\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}+b-\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+1}+c-\dfrac{ca^2}{a^2+1}\)
\(VT=3-\left(\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{ca^2}{a^2+1}\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b^2+1\ge2\sqrt{b^2}=2b\\c^2+1\ge2\sqrt{c^2}=2c\\a^2+1\ge2\sqrt{a^2}=2a\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}\le\dfrac{ab^2}{2b}=\dfrac{ab}{2}\\\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+1}\le\dfrac{bc^2}{2c}=\dfrac{bc}{2}\\\dfrac{ca^2}{a^2+1}\le\dfrac{ca^2}{2a}=\dfrac{ca}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{ca^2}{a^2+1}\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow3-\left(\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{ca^2}{a^2+1}\right)\ge3-\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\) (1)
Theo hệ quả của bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{2}\ge\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{2}\le3-\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2)
\(\Rightarrow3-\left(\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{ca^2}{a^2+1}\right)\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{b}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{c}{a^2+1}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\) ( đpcm )
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(1.\)
\(a.\)
\(\dfrac{8}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}+\dfrac{2}{x^2+3}+\dfrac{1}{x+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{8}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}+\dfrac{2\left(x^2-1\right)}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}+\dfrac{1\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+3\right)}{\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2+3\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{8}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}+\dfrac{2x^2-2}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}+\dfrac{x^3-x^2+3x-3}{\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2+3\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{8+2x^2-2+x^3-x^2+3x-3}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^3+x^2+3x+3}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^2\left(x+1\right)+3\left(x+1\right)}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x+1\right)}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}\)
\(=x-1\)
\(b.\)
\(\dfrac{x+y}{2\left(x-y\right)}-\dfrac{x-y}{2\left(x+y\right)}+\dfrac{2y^2}{x^2-y^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{x+y}{2\left(x-y\right)}-\dfrac{x-y}{2\left(x+y\right)}+\dfrac{2y^2}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}-\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}+\dfrac{4y^2}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^2+2xy+y^2}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}-\dfrac{x^2-2xy+y^2}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}+\dfrac{4y^2}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^2+2xy+y^2-x^2+2xy-y^2+4y^2}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{4xy+4y^2}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{4y\left(x+y\right)}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2y}{\left(x-y\right)}\)
Tương tự các câu còn lại
a: a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc
=(a+b)^3+c^3-3ab(a+b)-3bac
=(a+b+c)(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2)-3ab(a+b+c)
=(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc)
b: Đề sai rồi bạn
c: 2(a+b+c)*(b/2+c/2-a/2)
=(a+b+c)(b+c-a)
=(b+c)^2-a^2
=c^2+2bc+c^2-a^2