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a) \(5\left(x-2\right)>3\left(x-4\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5x-10>3x-12\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x>-2\)
\(\Rightarrow x>-1\)
b) \(7\left(x+3\right)< 9\left(x-1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow7x+21< 9x-9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x>30\)
\(\Rightarrow x>15\)
c) Vì \(x^2+x+1=\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}>0\left(\forall x\right)\)
=> \(2x-5>0\Rightarrow2x>5\Rightarrow x>\frac{5}{2}\)
d) \(x^2-2x+5=\left(x-1\right)^2+4>0\left(\forall x\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3x-8< 0\Rightarrow3x< 8\Rightarrow x< \frac{8}{3}\)
\(x\left(2x-7\right)-4x+14=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(2x-7\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\2x-7=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=\frac{7}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(x^2\left(x-1\right)-4\left(x-1\right)=\left(x^2-4\right)\left(x-1\right)=\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x-1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\x+2=0\\x-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=-2\\x=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(x^4-x^3-x^2+x=x\left(x^3+1\right)-x^2\left(x+1\right)=x\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1-x^2\right)=x\left(x+1\right)\left(1-x\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x+1=0\\1-x\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=\pm1\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) \(x\left(2x-7\right)-4x+14-0\Leftrightarrow2x^2-11x+14=0\Leftrightarrow2x^2-4x-7x+14=0\Leftrightarrow2x\left(x-2\right)-7\left(x-2\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-7\right)\left(x-2\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3,5\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(x^2\left(x-1\right)-4x+4=0\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x-1\right)-4\left(x-1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=2\\x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) \(x+x^2-x^3-x^4=0\Leftrightarrow x\left(x^3+x^2-x-1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow x\left[x\left(x^2-1\right)+\left(x^2-1\right)\right]=0\Leftrightarrow x\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=1\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
d) \(2x^3+3x^2+2x+3=0\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(2x+3\right)+2x+3=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+1\right)\left(2x+3\right)=0\Leftrightarrow x=-1,5\left(x^2+1>0\forall x\right)\)
e) \(4x^2-25-\left(2x-5\right)\left(2x+7\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-5\right)\left(2x+5\right)-\left(2x-5\right)\left(2x+7\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-5\right)\left(2x+5-2x-7\right)=0\Leftrightarrow2x-5=0\Leftrightarrow x=2,5\)
g) \(x^3+27+\left(x+3\right)\left(x-9\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2-3x+9\right)+\left(x+3\right)\left(x-9\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2-3x+9+x-9\right)=0\Leftrightarrow x\left(x+3\right)\left(x-2\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=-3\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Giải các phương trình và bất phương trình sau :
1.1
a) \(2x+3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x=-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{-3}{2}\)
Tập nghiệm của pt là : \(S=\left\{\dfrac{-3}{2}\right\}\)
b) \(5x-3< 2x+9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5x-2x< 3+9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x< 12\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x< 4\)
Tập nghiệm của BPT là : \(S=\left\{x|x< 4\right\}\)
1.2
a) \(3x+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x=-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{-2}{3}\)
Tập nghiệm của pt là : \(S=\left\{\dfrac{-2}{3}\right\}\)
b) \(-x+5>6-2x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-x+2x>-5+6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x>1\)
Tập nghiệm của BPT là : \(S=\left\{x|x>1\right\}\)
c) \(\dfrac{2x-5}{x+3}=4\)
ĐKXĐ : \(x+3\ne0\Rightarrow x\ne-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x-5}{x+3}=\dfrac{4\left(x+3\right)}{x+3}\)
\(\Rightarrow2x-5=4x+12\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x-4x=5+12\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2x=17\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{-17}{2}\)
Tập nghiệm của pt là : \(S=\left\{\dfrac{-17}{2}\right\}\)
d) \(\left(x+2\right)\left(x-3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+2=0\\x-3=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\\x=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Tập nghiệm của pt là : \(S=\left\{-2;3\right\}\)
1.3
a)\(\left(2x+5\right)^2=\left(x+2\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+5\right)^2-\left(x+2\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+5-x-2\right).\left(2x+5+x+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+3\right)\left(3x+7\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+3=0\\3x+7=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\x=\dfrac{-7}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Tập nghiệm của pt là : \(S=\left\{\dfrac{-7}{3};-3\right\}\)
b) \(x^2-5x+6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-3x-2x+6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-3x\right)-\left(2x-6\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-3\right)-2\left(x-3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\x-3=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Tập nghiệm của pt là : \(S=\left\{2;3\right\}\)
a) \(\left(y-1\right)^2=9\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(y-1\right)^2=3^2=\left(-3\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow x-1=3\Rightarrow x=4\)
\(\Rightarrow x-1=-3\Rightarrow x=-2\)
Vậy: \(x=4\) hoặc \(-2\)
c: (3x-2)(x+3)<0
=>x+3>0 và 3x-2<0
=>-3<x<2/3
d: \(\dfrac{x-2}{x-10}>=0\)
=>x-10>0 hoặc x-2<=0
=>x>10 hoặc x<=2
e: \(3x^2+7x+4< 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2+3x+4x+4< 0\)
=>(x+1)(3x+4)<0
=>-4/3<x<-1
\(\left(2x-4\right)\left(1-3x\right)=0\)
<=> \(2\left(x-2\right)\left(1-3x\right)=0\)
<=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}x-2=0\\1-3x=0\end{cases}}\)
<=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}x=2\\x=\frac{1}{3}\end{cases}}\)
Vậy....
\(\left(2x-4\right)\left(1-3x\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow2x-4=0\)hoặc\(1-3x=0\)
\(TH1:2x-4=0\)
\(2x=0+4\)
\(2x=4\)
\(x=4:2\)
\(x=2\)
\(TH2:1-3x=0\)
\(3x=1-0\)
\(3x=1\)
\(x=\frac{1}{3}\)
Vậy:\(x=2\)hoặc \(x=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(x^3-6x^2+5x+12>0\\ < =>\left(x^3-5x-x+5x\right)+12>0\\ < =>\left[\left(x^3-x\right)-\left(5x-5x\right)\right]+12>0\\ < =>x^2+12>0\\ < =>x^2>-12\\ =>x\in R\\ BPTcóvôsốnghiem\)
a) \(\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+2x+7\right)+2\left(x^2-4\right)-5\left(x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+2x+7\right)+2\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)-5\left(x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left[x^2+2x+7+2\left(x+2\right)-5\right]=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+2x+7+2x+4-5\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+4x+6\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\x^2+4x+6=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có:
\(x^2+4x+6\)
\(=x^2+2.x.2+4+2\)
\(=\left(x+2\right)^2+2\)
Vì \(\left(x+2\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi x
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+2\right)^2+2\ge2\) với mọi x
\(\Rightarrow x^2+4x+6\) vô nghiệm
\(\Rightarrow x-2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=2\)
b) \(3x\left(x-1\right)+\left(x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(3x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\3x+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=-\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) \(2\left(x+3\right)x^2-3x=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x\left[2\left(x+3\right)x-3\right]=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x\left(2x^2+6x-3\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\2x^2+6x-3=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có:
\(2x^2+6x-3\)
\(=2\left(x^2+3x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)\)
\(=2\left(x^2+2.x.\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{9}{4}-\dfrac{9}{4}-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)\)
\(=2\left(x+\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{15}{2}\)
Vì \(2\left(x+\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi x
\(\Rightarrow2\left(x+\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{15}{2}\ge-\dfrac{15}{2}\) với mọi x
\(\Rightarrow2x^2+6x-3\) vô nghiệm
\(\Rightarrow x=0\)