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Giả sử x là số hữu tỷ thì ta có
\(x=\frac{m}{n}\left(\left(m,n\right)=1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x-\frac{1}{x}=\frac{m}{n}-\frac{n}{m}=\frac{m^2-n^2}{mn}\)
Vì \(x-\frac{1}{x}\)là số nguyên nên m2 - n2 \(⋮\)m
\(\Rightarrow\)n2 \(⋮\)m
Mà n,m nguyên tố cùng nhau nên
m = \(\pm\)1
Tương tự ta cũng có
n =\(\pm\)1
\(\Rightarrow\)x = \(\pm\)1
Trái giả thuyết.
Vậy x phải là số vô tỷ.
Ta có: \(2x-\left(x-\frac{1}{x}\right)=x+\frac{1}{x}\)
\(\Rightarrow x+\frac{1}{x}\)là số vô tỷ.
Ta có: \(\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)^2=\left(x-\frac{1}{x}\right)^2+4\)nên là số nguyên
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)^{2n}\)là số hữu tỷ.
Mà \(x+\frac{1}{x}\)là số vô tỷ nên
\(\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)^{2n+1}=\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)^{2n}\)
là số vô tỷ
a) Vì x>=0 và x2=16
=> x=4 => \(\sqrt{x}=2\)
=> B=\(\frac{2\cdot2+3}{4-1}=\frac{7}{3}\)
b) \(A=\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-1}-\frac{\sqrt{x}-1}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)^2-\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{x-1}\)
\(=\frac{x+2\sqrt{x}+1-x+\sqrt{x}+2\sqrt{x}-2}{x-1}\)
\(=\frac{5\sqrt{x}-1}{x-1}\)
=> \(A\left(x-1\right)=5\sqrt{x}-1\left(đpcm\right)\)
c) \(\frac{A}{B}=\frac{5\sqrt{x}-1}{x-1}\cdot\frac{x-1}{2\sqrt{x}+3}=\frac{5\sqrt{x}-1}{2\sqrt{x}+3}=\frac{\frac{5}{2}\left(2\sqrt{x}+3\right)-\frac{17}{2}}{2\sqrt{x}+3}=\frac{5}{2}-\frac{17}{2\left(2\sqrt{x}+3\right)}\)
=> 17 chia hết cho \(2\sqrt{x}+3\)
\(\Rightarrow2\sqrt{x}+3\inƯ\left(17\right)=\left\{-17;-1;1;17\right\}\)
ta có bảng
| \(2\sqrt{x}+3\) | -17 | -1 | 1 | 17 |
| \(\sqrt{x}\) | -1 | 7 | -2 | -7 |
| x | \(\varnothing\) | 49 | \(\varnothing\) | \(\varnothing\) |
Ta có: \(B=\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)+5\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)+4}{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x+2\sqrt{x}-3+5\sqrt{x}+5+4}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+6\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}=\frac{\sqrt{x}+6}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)
do đó \(P=\frac{\sqrt{x}-1}{\sqrt{x}+1}.\frac{\sqrt{x}-6}{\sqrt{x}-1}=\frac{\sqrt{x}-6}{\sqrt{x}+1}=1-\frac{7}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)
Vì \(x\ge0\Rightarrow0< \frac{7}{\sqrt{x}+1}\le7\)
Để P nguyên thì \(\frac{7}{\sqrt{x}+1}\in Z\)
do đó \(\frac{7}{\sqrt{x}+1}\in\left\{1,2,3,4,5,6,7\right\}\)
Đến đây xét từng TH là ra
rút gọn B ta có B=\(\frac{\sqrt{x}+6}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(AB=\frac{\sqrt{x}+6}{\sqrt{x}+1}\in Z\)
=\(1+\frac{5}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)
Vì 1\(\in Z\) nên để P thuộc Z thì \(\frac{5}{\sqrt{x}+1}\in Z\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\inƯ\left(5\right)=\pm1;\pm5\)
Đến đây thì ez rồi
\(A=\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}-\frac{3\sqrt{x}+1}{x-1}\)
\(A=\frac{x+2\sqrt{x}+1+x-2\sqrt{x}+1-3\sqrt{x}-1}{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\)
\(A=\frac{2x-3\sqrt{x}+1}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}=\frac{\left(2\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\)
\(A=\frac{2\sqrt{x}-1}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)
\(a,Q=\left(\frac{\sqrt{x}+2}{x+2\sqrt{x}+1}-\frac{\sqrt{x}-2}{x-1}\right)\cdot\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}};x>0;x\ne1;x\ne4\)
\(=\left(\frac{\sqrt{x}+2}{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)^2}-\frac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\right)\cdot\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}}\)
\(=\left(\frac{x-\sqrt{x}+2\sqrt{x}-2}{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)^2\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}-\frac{x+\sqrt{x}-2\sqrt{x}-2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)^2}\right)\cdot\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}}\)
\(=\frac{x-\sqrt{x}+2\sqrt{x}-2-x-\sqrt{x}+2\sqrt{x}+2}{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)^2\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\cdot\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}}\)
\(=\frac{2\sqrt{x}}{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\cdot\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\)
\(=\frac{2}{x-1}\)
\(a,\)\(Q=\left(\frac{\sqrt{x}+2}{x+2\sqrt{x}+1}-\frac{\sqrt{x}-2}{x-1}\right).\)\(\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}}\)
\(=\left(\frac{\sqrt{x}+2}{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)^2}-\frac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\right).\)\(\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)^2}.\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}}-\frac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}.\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{x}+2}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}-\frac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)-\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x+\sqrt{x}-2-x+\sqrt{x}+2}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{2\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}=\frac{2}{x-1}\)\(\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(b,Q=\frac{2}{x-1}\)
\(Q\in Z\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{x-1}\in Z\Rightarrow x-1\inƯ_2\)
Mà \(Ư_2=\left\{\pm1;\pm2\right\}\)
TH1 : \(x-1=-1\Rightarrow x=0\)
TH2 : \(x-1=1\Rightarrow x=2\)
TH3 : \(x-1=-2\Rightarrow x=-1\)
TH4 :\(x-1=2\Rightarrow x=3\)
\(\Rightarrow\)x nguyên lớn nhất là 3 để Q là số nguyên
\(a)\)\(P=\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\frac{1-x\sqrt{x}}{1-\sqrt{x}}+\sqrt{x}\right)\left(\frac{1-\sqrt{x}}{1-x}\right)^2\)
\(P=\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\frac{1-x\sqrt{x}}{1-\sqrt{x}}+\frac{\sqrt{x}-x}{1-\sqrt{x}}\right)\left(\frac{1-\sqrt{x}}{1-x}\right)^2\)
\(P=\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left[\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}-x\sqrt{x}\right)+\left(1-x\right)}{1-\sqrt{x}}\right]\left(\frac{1-\sqrt{x}}{1-x}\right)^2\)
\(P=\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left[\frac{\left(1-x\right)\left(1+\sqrt{x}\right)}{1-\sqrt{x}}\right]\left(\frac{1-\sqrt{x}}{1-x}\right)^2\)
\(P=\frac{\left(x-1\right)\left(1+\sqrt{x}\right)\left(1-\sqrt{x}\right)^2}{\left(1-x\right)^2}=\frac{-\left(1-x\right)\left(1-\sqrt{x}\right)}{1-x}=\sqrt{x}-1\)
\(b)\)\(P=\sqrt{9+4\sqrt{2}}-1=\sqrt{8+4\sqrt{2}+1}-1=\sqrt{\left(2\sqrt{2}+1\right)^2}-1=2\sqrt{2}\)
\(c)\) Ta có : \(\frac{2}{P}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)
Để P nguyên thì \(\frac{2}{\sqrt{x}-1}\) nguyên hay \(2⋮\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\inƯ\left(2\right)\)
Mà \(Ư\left(2\right)=\left\{1;-1;2;-2\right\}\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(x\in\left\{\sqrt{2};0;\sqrt{3}\right\}\)
Do x là số chính phương nên \(x=0\)
Vậy để \(\frac{2}{P}\) là số nguyên thì \(x=0\)
a/ \(x=\sqrt{2}-1\)
b/ Giả sử x là số vô tỷ
\(x=\frac{m}{n}\left[\left(m,n\right)=1\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow x-\frac{1}{x}=\frac{m}{n}-\frac{n}{m}=\frac{m^2-n^2}{mn}\)
Vì \(x-\frac{1}{x}\)là số nguyên \(\Rightarrow m^2-n^2⋮m\)
\(\Rightarrow n^2⋮m\)
Mà m, n nguyên tố cùng nhau nên
\(\Rightarrow n=1;-1\)
Tương tự ta cũng có: \(m=1;-1\)
\(\Rightarrow x=1;-1\) trái giả thuyết
\(\Rightarrow x\)là số vô tỷ
Ta có:
\(2x-\left(x-\frac{1}{x}\right)=x+\frac{1}{x}\)
\(\Rightarrow x+\frac{1}{x}\)là số vô tỷ
Ta có:
\(\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)^2=\left(x-\frac{1}{x}\right)^2+4\) là số nguyên
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)^{2n}\) là số hữu tỉ và \(\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)^{2n+1}=\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)^{2n}\)là số vô tỉ.
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