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Bài 1
a) \(A=\left(x+1\right)\left(2x-1\right)=2x^2+x-1=2\left(x^2+\frac{x}{2}-\frac{1}{2}\right)=2\left(x^2+2.\frac{1}{4}.x+\frac{1}{16}-\frac{9}{16}\right)\)\(=2\left[\left(x+\frac{1}{4}\right)^2-\frac{9}{16}\right]=2\left(x+\frac{1}{4}\right)^2-\frac{9}{8}\)
Vì \(\left(x+\frac{1}{4}\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow2\left(x+\frac{1}{4}\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow2\left(x+\frac{1}{4}\right)^2-\frac{9}{8}\ge-\frac{9}{8}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(x+\frac{1}{4}\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x+\frac{1}{4}=0\Leftrightarrow x=-\frac{1}{4}\)
Vậy minA=-9/8 khi x=-1/4
b)\(B=4x^2-4xy+2y^2+1=\left(4x^2-4xy+y^2\right)+y^2+1=\left(2x-y\right)^2+y^2+1\)
Vì \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(2x-y\right)^2\ge0\\y^2\ge0\end{cases}}\)=>\(\left(2x-y\right)^2+y^2\ge0\Rightarrow B=\left(2x-y\right)^2+y^2+1\ge1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi (2x-y)2=y2=0 <=> 2x-y=y=0 <=> x=y=0
Vậy minB=1 khi x=y=0
lý luận tương tự bài 1, bài này mình làm tắt
Bài 2:
a) \(C=5x-3x^2+2=-\left(3x^2-5x-2\right)=-3\left(x^2-\frac{5}{3}x-\frac{2}{3}\right)\)
\(=-3\left(x^2-2.\frac{5}{6}.x+\frac{25}{35}-\frac{49}{36}\right)=-3\left[\left(x-\frac{5}{6}\right)^2-\frac{49}{36}\right]=\frac{49}{12}-3\left(x-\frac{5}{6}\right)^2\le\frac{49}{12}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=5/6
b)\(D=-8x^2+4xy-y^2+3=3-\left(8x^2-4xy+y^2\right)=3-\left[\left(4x^2-4xy+y^2\right)+4x^2\right]\)
\(=3-\left[\left(2x-y\right)^2+4x^2\right]\le3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=y=0
a) \(A=\left(x+1\right)\left(2x-1\right)\)
\(A=2x^2+2x-x-1\)
\(A=2x^2+x-1\)
\(A=2\left(x^2+\dfrac{1}{2}x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(A=2\left(x^2+2.x\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{16}-\dfrac{1}{16}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(A=2\left(x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2-\dfrac{9}{8}\)
Vì \(2\left(x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi x
\(\Rightarrow2\left(x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2-\dfrac{9}{8}\ge-\dfrac{9}{8}\)
\(\Rightarrow Amin=-\dfrac{9}{8}\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(B=4x^2-4xy+2y^2+1\)
\(B=\left(2x\right)^2-2.2x.y+y^2+y^2+1\)
\(B=\left(2x-y\right)^2+y^2+1\)
Vì \(\left(2x-y\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi x và y
\(y^2\ge0\) với mọi y
\(\Rightarrow\left(2x-y\right)^2+y^2+1\ge1\)
\(\Rightarrow Bmin=1\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-y=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(C=5x-3x^2+2\)
\(C=-\left(3x^2-5x-2\right)\)
\(C=-3\left(x^2-\dfrac{5}{3}x-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\)
\(C=-3\left(x^2-2.x.\dfrac{5}{6}+\dfrac{25}{36}-\dfrac{25}{36}-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\)
\(C=-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2+\dfrac{49}{12}\)
Vì \(-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2\le0\) với mọi x
\(\Rightarrow-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2+\dfrac{49}{12}\le\dfrac{49}{12}\)
\(\Rightarrow Cmax=\dfrac{49}{12}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{5}{6}\)
\(D=-8x^2+4xy-y^2+3\)
\(D=-\left(4x^2-4xy+y^2\right)-4x^2+3\)
\(D=-\left(2x-y\right)^2-4x^2+3\)
Vì \(-\left(2x-y\right)^2\le0\) với mọi x và y
\(-4x^2\le0\) với mọi x
\(\Rightarrow-\left(2x-y\right)^2-4x^2+3\le3\) với mọi x và y
\(\Rightarrow Dmax=3\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(E=x^2-8x+38\)
\(E=x^2-2.x.4+16+22\)
\(E=\left(x-4\right)^2+22\)
Vì \(\left(x-4\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi x
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-4\right)^2+22\ge22\) với mọi x
\(\Rightarrow Emin=22\Leftrightarrow x=4\)
\(F=6x-x^2+1\)
\(F=-\left(x^2-6x-1\right)\)
\(F=-\left(x^2-2.x.3+9-9-1\right)\)
\(F=-\left(x-3\right)^2+10\)
Vì \(-\left(x-3\right)^2\le0\) với mọi x
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x-3\right)^2+10\le10\)
\(\Rightarrow Fmax=10\Leftrightarrow x=3\)
\(B=3x^2-5x+7=3\left(x-\frac{5}{6}\right)^2+\frac{59}{12}\ge\frac{59}{12}\)
\(C=x^2-4x+3+11=\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+10=\left(x-2\right)^2+10\ge10\)
\(D=-x^2-4x-y^2+2y=-\left(x^2-4x+4\right)-\left(y^2-2y+1\right)+5=-\left[\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2\right]+5\le5\)
b1:
câu a,f áp dụng a2-b2=(a-b)(a+b)
câu b,c áp dụng a3-b3=(a-b)(a2+ab+b2)
câu d: \(x^2+2xy+x+2y=x\left(x+2y\right)+\left(x+2y\right)=\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2y\right)\)
câu e: \(7x^2-7xy-5x+5y=7x\left(x-y\right)-5\left(x-y\right)=\left(7x-5\right)\left(x-y\right)\)
câu g xem lại đề
Answer:
3.
\(x^2+2y^2+2xy+7x+7y+10=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)+7x+7y+y^2+10=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2+7.\left(x+y\right)+y^2+10=0\)
\(\Rightarrow4S^2+28S+4y^2+40=0\)
\(\Rightarrow4S^2+28S+49+4y^2-9=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2S+7\right)^2=9-4y^2\le9\left(1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow-3\le2S+7\le3\)
\(\Rightarrow-10\le2S\le-4\)
\(\Rightarrow-5\le S\le-2\left(2\right)\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi: \(\left(1\right)\Rightarrow y=0\)
Vậy giá trị nhỏ nhất của \(S=x+y=-5\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}y=0\\x=-5\end{cases}}\)
Vậy giá trị lớn nhất của \(S=x+y=-2\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}y=0\\x=-2\end{cases}}\)
Bài 1:
\(P=2-5x^2-y^2-4xy+2x=3-\left(1-2x+x^2\right)-\left(4x^2+4xy+y^2\right)=3-\left(1-x\right)^2-\left(2x+y\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow GTLN=3\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}1-x=0\\2x+y=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=-2\end{cases}}}\)
a) Ta có A = x2 - 2x - 1 = (x2 - 2x + 1) - 2 = (x - 1)2 - 2 \(\ge\) -2
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x - 1 = 0 => x = 1
Vậy Min A = -2 <=> x = 1
b) Ta có B = 4x2 + 4x + 8 = (4x2 + 4x + 1) + 7 = (2x + 1)2 + 7 \(\ge\)7
Dấu |"=" xảy ra <=> 2x + 1 = 0 => x = -1/2
Vậy Min B = 7 <=> x = -1/2
c) Ta có C = 3x - x2 + 2
= -(x2 - 3x - 2)
= -(x2 - 3x + 9/4 - 9/4 - 2)
= -[(x - 3/2)2 - 17/4)
= -(x - 3/2)2 + 17/4 \(\le\frac{17}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x - 3/2 = 0 => x = 3/2
Vậy Max C = 17/4 <=> x = 3/2
d) Ta có D = -x2 - 5x = -(x2 + 5x) = -(x2 + 5x + 25/4 - 25/4) = -(x + 5/2)2 + 25/4 \(\ge\frac{25}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x + 5/2 = 0 => x = -5/2
Vậy Max D = 25/4 <=> x = -5/2
e) Ta có E = x2 - 4xy + 5y2 + 10x - 22y + 28
= (x2 - 4xy + 4y2) + 10x - 20y + y2 - 2y + 28
= (x - 2y)2 + 10(x - 2y) + 25 + (y2 - 2y + 1) + 2
= (x - 2y + 5) + (y - 1)2 + 2 \(\ge\)2
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x-2y+5=0\\y-1=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-3\\y=1\end{cases}}\)
Vậy Min E = 2 <=> x = -3 ; y = 1
\(A=x^2-2x-1=x^2-2x+1-2=\left(x-1\right)^2-2\ge-2\)
Dấu \(=\)xảy ra khi \(x=1\). Vậy GTNN của \(A\)là \(-2\).
\(B=4x^2+4x+8=4x^2+4x+1+7=\left(2x+1\right)^2+7\ge7\)
Dấu \(=\)xảy ra khi \(x=\frac{-1}{2}\). Vậy GTNN của \(B\)là \(7\).
\(C=-x^2+3x+2=-x^2+2.\frac{3}{2}x-\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+\frac{17}{4}=-\left(x-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+\frac{17}{4}\le\frac{17}{4}\)
Dấu \(=\) xảy ra khi \(x=\frac{3}{2}\). Vậy GTLN của \(C\)là \(\frac{17}{4}\).
\(D=-x^2-5x=-x^2-2.\frac{5}{2}x-\left(\frac{5}{2}\right)^2+\frac{25}{4}=-\left(x+\frac{5}{2}\right)^2+\frac{25}{4}\le\frac{25}{4}\)
Dấu \(=\)xảy ra khi \(x=\frac{-5}{2}\). Vậy GTLN của \(D\) là \(\frac{25}{4}\).
\(E=x^2-4xy+5y^2+10x-22y+28\)
\(=x^2+4y^2+25-4xy+10x-20y+y^2-2y+1+2\)
\(=\left(x-2y+5\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\ge2\)
Dấu \(=\)xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}x-2y+5=0\\y-1=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-3\\y=1\end{cases}}}\). Vậy GTNN của \(E\) là \(2\).
\(A=\left(4x^2-4xy+y^2\right)+\left(x^2+3x+\dfrac{9}{4}\right)-\dfrac{21}{4}\\ A=\left(2x-y\right)^2+\left(x+\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{21}{4}\ge-\dfrac{21}{4}\\ A_{min}=-\dfrac{21}{4}\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=y\\x=-\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{3}{2}\\y=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(B=\left[\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)\right]\left[x\left(x+1\right)\right]=\left(x^2+x-2\right)\left(x^2+x\right)\\ B=\left(x^2+x\right)^2-2\left(x^2+x\right)\\ B=\left(x^2+x\right)^2-2\left(x^2+x\right)+1-1=\left(x^2+x-1\right)^2-1\ge-1\\ B_{min}=-1\Leftrightarrow x^2+x-1=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{5}{4}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x+\dfrac{1-\sqrt{5}}{2}\right)\left(x+\dfrac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1-\sqrt{5}}{2}\\x=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)