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Ta sẽ lần lượt chứng minh:\(\frac{a}{b}\)<\(\frac{5a+2c}{5b+2d}\)và \(\frac{5a+2c}{5b+2d}\)<\(\frac{c}{d}\)
Ta có: \(\frac{a}{b}\)<\(\frac{5a+2c}{5b+2d}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)a(5b+2d)<b(5a+2c)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)5ab+2ad<5ab+2bc
\(\Leftrightarrow\)2ad<2bc\(\Leftrightarrow\)ad<bc\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{a}{b}\)<\(\frac{c}{d}\)(đúng theo giả thiết)
Do vậy:\(\frac{a}{b}\)<\(\frac{5a+2c}{5b+2d}\)
Với lập luận tương tự ta cũng chứng minh được \(\frac{5a+2c}{5b+2d}\)<\(\frac{c}{d}\)
Vậy \(\frac{a}{b}\)<\(\frac{5a+2c}{5b+2d}\)<\(\frac{c}{d}\)
\(a,M=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}\)
\(M< \dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}\)
\(M< 1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{n-1}-\dfrac{1}{n}\)
\(M< 1-\dfrac{1}{n}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow M< 1\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(b,N=\dfrac{1}{4^2}+\dfrac{1}{6^6}+\dfrac{1}{8^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(2n\right)^2}\)
\(N< \dfrac{1}{3.5}+\dfrac{1}{5.7}+\dfrac{1}{7.9}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(2n-1\right)\left(2n+1\right)}\)
\(N< \dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{7}+\dfrac{1}{7}-\dfrac{1}{9}+...+\dfrac{1}{2n-1}-\dfrac{1}{2n+1}\)
\(N< \dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{2n+1}< \dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(c,\) Vì \(a< b\Rightarrow2a< a+b\)
\(c< d\Rightarrow2c< c+d\)
\(m< n\Rightarrow2m< m+n\)
\(\Rightarrow2a+2c+2m=2.\left(a+c+m\right)< a+b+c+d+m+n\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+c+m}{a+b+c+d+m}< \dfrac{1}{2}\)
a)\(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}.bd< \frac{c}{d}.bd\Rightarrow ad< cb\)(đpcm)
b)Ta có:
- ad<cd
=>ab+ad<ab+cd
=>a(b+d)<b(b+d)
=>\(\frac{a\left(b+d\right)}{b\left(b+d\right)}< \frac{b\left(a+c\right)}{b\left(b+d\right)}\)
=>\(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+c}{b+d}\)(1)
- ad<bc
=>ad+cd<bc+cd
=>d(a+c)<c(b+d)
=>\(\frac{d\left(a+c\right)}{d\left(b+d\right)}< \frac{c\left(b+d\right)}{d\left(b+d\right)}\)
=>\(\frac{a+c}{b+d}< \frac{c}{d}\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) => \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+c}{b+d}< \frac{c}{d}\)(đpcm)