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\(a,Đặt\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{2}{3}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=k\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2k\\y=3k\end{matrix}\right.\\ A=\dfrac{2x-3y}{x-5y}=\dfrac{2\cdot2k-3\cdot3k}{2k-5\cdot3k}\\ =\dfrac{4k-9k}{2k-15k} \\ =\dfrac{5k}{13k}\\ =\dfrac{5}{13}\)
\(b,Thayx-y=7vàoB,tacó:\\ B=\dfrac{2x+7}{3x-y}+\dfrac{2y-7}{3y-x}\\ =\dfrac{2x+x-y}{3x-y}+\dfrac{2y-x+y}{3y-x}\\ =\dfrac{3x-y}{3x-y}+\dfrac{3y-x}{3y-x}\\ =1+1\\ =2\)
\(c,Đặt\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{5}=k\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3k\\y=5k\end{matrix}\right.\\ C=\dfrac{5x^2+3y^2}{10x^2-3y^2}\\ =\dfrac{5\left(3k\right)^2+3\left(5k\right)^2}{10\left(3k\right)^2-3\left(5k\right)^2}\\ =\dfrac{45k^2+75k^2}{90k^2-75k^2}\\ =\dfrac{120k^2}{15k^2}\\ =8\)
\(d,\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{5}{7}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{5}=\dfrac{b}{7}=k\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=5k\\b=7k\end{matrix}\right.\\ D=\dfrac{5a-b}{3a-2b}\\ =\dfrac{5\cdot5k-7k}{3\cdot5k-2\cdot7k}\\ =\dfrac{25k-7k}{15k-14k}\\ =\dfrac{18k}{k}=18\)
\(e,Thayx-y=5vàoE,tacó:\\ E=\dfrac{3x-5}{2x+y}-\dfrac{4y+5}{x+3y}\\ =\dfrac{3x-x+y}{2x+y}-\dfrac{4y+x-y}{x+3y}\\ =\dfrac{2x+y}{2x+y}-\dfrac{3y+x}{x+3y}\\ =1-1=0\)
a)\(\left|2x-3y\right|+\left|2y-4z\right|=0\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|2x-3y\right|\ge0\forall x;y\\\left|2y-4z\right|\ge0\forall y;z\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left|2x-3y\right|+\left|2y-4z\right|\ge0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|2x-3y\right|=0\\\left|2y-4z\right|=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=3y\\2y=4z\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{2}\\\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{z}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{6}=\dfrac{y}{4}\\\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{z}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{6}=\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{z}{2}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{x}{6}=\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{z}{2}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{6+4+2}=\dfrac{7}{12}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{7}{12}.6=\dfrac{7}{2}\\y=\dfrac{7}{12}.4=\dfrac{7}{3}\\z=\dfrac{7}{12}.2=\dfrac{7}{6}\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)\(\left|x-2\right|+\left|x-3\right|+\left|x-4\right|=0\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|x-2\right|\ge0\\\left|x-3\right|\ge0\\\left|x-4\right|\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left|x-2\right|+\left|x-3\right|+\left|x-4\right|\ge0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|x-2\right|=0\\\left|x-3\right|=0\\\left|x-4\right|=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=3\\x=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vì \(2\ne3\ne4\) nên \(x\in\varnothing\)
c)
\(\left|x+1\right|+\left|x+2\right|+...+\left|x+8\right|+\left|x+9\right|\)
Với mọi \(x\ge0\) ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|x+1\right|=x+1\\\left|x+2\right|=x+2\\\left|x+8\right|=x+8\\\left|x+9\right|=x+9\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow x+1+x+2+...+x+8+x+9=x-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9x+90=x-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9x=x-89\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-8x=89\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{89}{-8}\left(KTM\right)\)
Với mọi \(x< 0\) ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=-x-1\\x+2=-x-2\\x+8=-x-8\\x+9=-x-9\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left(-x-1\right)+\left(-x-2\right)+...+\left(-x-8\right)+\left(-x-9\right)=x-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-9x-90=x-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-9x=x+89\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-10x=89\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{89}{-10}\left(TM\right)\)
d)\(\left|2x-3y\right|+\left|5y-2z\right|+\left|2z-6\right|=0\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|2x-3y\right|\ge0\\ \left|5y-2z\right|\ge0\\ \left|2z-6\right|\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left|2x-3y\right|+\left|5y-2z\right|+\left|2z-6\right|\ge0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|2x-3y\right|=0\\\left|5y-2z\right|=0\\\left|2z-6\right|=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}z=3\\y=\dfrac{6}{5}\\x=\dfrac{9}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
x-y=7
nên x=y+7
\(B=\dfrac{3x-7}{2x+y}-\dfrac{3y-7}{2y+x}\)
\(=\dfrac{3\left(y+7\right)-7}{2\cdot\left(y+7\right)+y}-\dfrac{3y-7}{2y+y+7}\)
\(=\dfrac{3y+21-7}{2y+14+y}-\dfrac{3y-7}{3y+7}\)
\(=\dfrac{3y+14}{3y+14}-\dfrac{3y-7}{3y+7}\)
\(=1-\dfrac{3y-7}{3y+7}=\dfrac{3y+7-3y+7}{3y+7}=\dfrac{14}{3y+7}\)
\(\frac{4m-2n}{4m+5n}\) với \(\frac{m}{n}=\frac{1}{5}\)
Ta có : \(\frac{m}{n}=\frac{1}{5}\)hay \(\frac{m}{1}=\frac{n}{5}\)
Đặt \(\frac{m}{1}=\frac{n}{5}=k\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}m=k\\n=5k\end{cases}}\)
Do đó \(\frac{4m-2n}{4m+5n}=\frac{4k-2\cdot5k}{4k+5\cdot5k}=\frac{4k-10k}{4k+25k}=\frac{-6k}{29k}=-\frac{6}{29}\)
b. \(\frac{2x+7}{3x-y}+\frac{2y-7}{3y-x}\)
Ta có : x - y = 7 => x = 7 + y
Do đó \(\frac{2x+7}{3x-y}+\frac{2y-7}{3y-x}=\frac{2\left(7+y\right)+7}{3\left(7+y\right)-y}+\frac{2y-7}{3y-\left(7+y\right)}\)
\(=\frac{14+2y+7}{21+3y-y}+\frac{2y-7}{3y-7-y}\)
\(=\frac{21+2y}{21+2y}+\frac{2y-7}{2y-7}=1+1=2\)
a) \(\frac{m}{n}=\frac{1}{5}\Rightarrow\frac{m}{1}=\frac{n}{5}\)
Đặt \(\frac{m}{1}=\frac{n}{5}=k\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}m=k\\n=5k\end{cases}}\)
Thế vào ta được :
\(\frac{4m-2n}{4m+5n}=\frac{4k-2.5k}{4k+5.5k}=\frac{4k-10k}{4k+25k}=\frac{-6k}{29k}=-\frac{6}{29}\)
b) x - y = 7 => x = 7 + y
Thế vào ta được :
\(\frac{2x+7}{3x-y}+\frac{2y-7}{3y-x}=\frac{2\left(7+y\right)+7}{3\left(7+y\right)-y}+\frac{2y-7}{3y-\left(7+y\right)}\)
\(=\frac{21+2y}{21+2y}+\frac{2y-7}{3y-7-y}\)
\(=\frac{21+2y}{21+2y}+\frac{2y-7}{2y-7}=1+1=2\)