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1.
Đặt $A=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{100}$
$2A=2^2+2^3+2^4+...+2^{101}$
$\Rightarrow 2A-A=2^{101}-2$
$\Rightarrow A=2^{101}-2$
Có:
$A+n=510$
$2^{101}-2+n=510$
$n=510+2-2^{101}=512-2^{101}$
2.
$A=7+(7^2+7^3)+(7^4+7^5)+....+(7^{20}+7^{21})$
$=7+7^2(1+7)+7^4(1+7)+...+7^{20}(1+7)$
$=7+(1+7)(7^2+7^4+....+7^{20})$
$=7+8(7^2+7^4+...+7^{20)$
$\Rightarrow A$ chia 8 dư 7.
a) 120 - 5 . ( x + 2 ) = 45
5 . (x + 2) = 120 - 45
5 . (x + 2) = 75
x + 2 = 75 : 5
x + 2 = 15
x = 17
b) ( 2.x - 3 )2 = 49
( 2.x - 3 )2 = 72
( 2.x - 3 ) = 7
2x = 10
x = 5
3A=3(1+3+32+.....+310)
3A=3+32+33+34+....+311
3A-A=(3+32+33+34+....+311)-(1+3+32+.....+310)
2A=311-1
=>2A+1=311-1+1=311
Vậy n=11
\(A=1+3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{10}\)
\(\Rightarrow3A=3+3^2+3^3+3^4+...+3^{11}\)
\(\Rightarrow3A-A=\left(3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{11}\right)-\left(1+3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{10}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2A=3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{11}-1-3-3^2-3^3-...-3^{10}\)
\(\Rightarrow2A=3^{11}-1\)
\(\Rightarrow2A+1=3^{11}-1+1=3^{11}\) (1)
mà : \(2A+1=3^n\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow3^{11}=3^n\Rightarrow n=11\)
Vậy : \(n=11\) khi \(2A+1=3^n\)
Ta có: A = 1 + 2 + 22 + 23 + ..... + 229 + 230
=> 2A = 2.(1 + 2 + 22 + 23 + ..... + 229 + 230)
=> 2A = 2 + 22 + 23 + ..... + 229 + 231
=> 2A - A = 231 - 1
=> A = 231 - 1
=> A + 1 = 231
=> 2n + 4 = 231
=> n + 4 = 31
=> n = 31 - 4
=> n = 27
A = 1 + 3 + 32 + 33+..........+349+350
3A = 3 + 32 + 33 + 34 + ... + 350 + 351
3A - A = ( 3 + 32 + 33 + 34 + ... + 350 + 351 ) - ( 1 + 3 + 32 + 33+..........+349+350 )
2A = 351 - 1
A = ( 351 - 1 ) : 2
3A=\(3+3^2+3^2+...+3^{51}\)
\(3A-A=3^{51}-1\)
\(2A=3^{51}-1\)
\(2A+1=3^{51}\)
Ta có: \(3^{51}+1=3^n+1\Leftrightarrow3^{51}=3^n\Leftrightarrow n=51\)
A = 1 + 2 + 22 + 23 + ... + 2120
2A = 2 + 22 + 23 + 24 + ... + 2121
2A - A = (2 + 22 + 23 + 24 + ... + 2121) - (1 + 2 + 22 + 23 + ... + 2120)
A = 2121 - 1
A + 1 = 2121 = 2n
=> n = 121