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\(n_{C_2H_2}=\dfrac{6.72}{22.4}=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{11.2}{22.4}=0.5\left(mol\right)\)
\(C_2H_2+\dfrac{5}{2}O_2\underrightarrow{t^0}2CO_2+H_2O\)
\(Bđ:0.3.......0.5\)
\(Pư:0.2........0.5.........0.4.........0.2\)
\(Kt:0.1..........0..........0.4...........0.2\)
\(V_{CO_2}=0.4\cdot22.4=8.96\left(l\right)\)
\(V_{C_2H_2\left(dư\right)}=0.1\cdot22.4=2.24\left(l\right)\)
a, Theo giả thiết ta có: \(n_P=\dfrac{3,1}{31}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(4P+5O_2--t^o->2P_2O_5\)
Ta có: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{5}{4}.n_P=0,125\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,125.22,4=2,8\left(l\right)\)
b, Theo giả thiết ta có: \(n_{CH_4}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(CH_4+2O_2--t^o->CO_2+2H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{O_2}=2.n_{CH_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=2,24\left(l\right)\)
a, \(CH_4+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CO_2+2H_2O\)
\(C_2H_4+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2CO_2+2H_2O\)
\(2C_2H_2+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}4CO_2+2H_2O\)
b, Sửa đề: 17,9 (l) → 17,92 (l)
Ta có: \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{17,92}{22,4}=0,8\left(mol\right)=n_C\)
\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{18}{18}=1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_H=1.2=2\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ mA = mC + mH = 0,8.12 + 2.1 = 11,6 (g)
Theo ĐLBT KL, có: mA + mO2 = mCO2 + mH2O
⇒ mO2 = 0,8.44 + 18 - 11,6 = 41,6 (g)
\(\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=\dfrac{41,6}{32}=1,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=1,3.22,4=29,12\left(l\right)\)
\(a,m_C=48\left(g\right)\rightarrow n_C=\dfrac{m_C}{M_C}=\dfrac{48}{12}=4\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{O_2}=44,8\left(l\right)\rightarrow n_{O_2}=\dfrac{V_{O_2}}{22,4}=\dfrac{44,8}{22,4}=2\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CO_2\)
\(pt:\) \(1mol\) \(1mol\)
\(đb:\) \(4mol\) \(2mol\)
Xét tỉ lệ:
\(\dfrac{n_{C\left(đb\right)}}{n_{C\left(pt\right)}}=\dfrac{4}{1}=4>\dfrac{n_{O_2\left(đb\right)}}{n_{O_2\left(pt\right)}}=\dfrac{2}{1}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(O_2\) hết, \(C\) dư.
\(b,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CO_2\)
\(pt:\) \(1mol\) \(1mol\)
\(đb:\) \(2mol\) \(2mol\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=n_{CO_2}.M_{CO_2}=2.\left(1.C+2.O\right)=2.\left(1.12+2.16\right)=88\left(g\right)\)
\(a.n_C=\dfrac{48}{12}=4\left(mol\right);n_{O_2}=\dfrac{44,8}{22,4}=2\left(mol\right)\\ C+O_2\xrightarrow[t^0]{}CO_2\)
Theo pt:\(\dfrac{4}{1}>\dfrac{2}{1}\Rightarrow C\) dư, O2 pư hết
\(b.C+O_2\xrightarrow[t^0]{}CO_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=n_{O_2}=2mol\\ m_{CO_2}=2.44=88\left(g\right)\)
nP= 7,44/31=0,24(mol)
nO2=6,16/22,4=0,275(mol)
PTHH:4 P + 5 O2 -to->2 P2O5
Ta có: 0,24/4 > 0,275/5
=> O2 hết, P dư, tính theo nO2
nP(p.ứ)= 0,275 x 4/5= 0,22(mol)
=>nP(dư)=0,24-0,22=0,02(mol)
=>mP(dư)=0,02.31= 0,62(g)
nP2O5= 2/5 x 0,275= 0,11(mol)
=> mP2O5= 142 x 0,11= 15,62(g)
\(n_P=\dfrac{7,44}{31}=0,24\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6,16}{22,4}=0,275\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH : \(4P+5O_2\rightarrow2P_2O_5\)
Ban đầu : 0,24 0,275 (mol)
Phản ứng : 0,22 0,275 0,11 (mol)
Sau phản ứng : 0,02 0 0,11 (mol)
\(m_P=0,02.31=0,62\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{P_2O_5}=0,11.142=15,62\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2C2H2 + 5O2 --to--> 4CO2 + 2H2O
0,5--->0,25
=> m2 = 0,25.18 = 4,5 (g)
$2C_2H_2$ + $5O_2$ $\xrightarrow[]{t^o}$ $4CO_2$ + $2H_2O$
$nC_2H_2$ = $\frac{7,8}{26}$ = $0,4(mol)$
$nCO_2$ = $\frac{11,2}{22,4}$ = $0,5(mol)$
-Theo PT: $nO_2$ = $\frac{5}{4}$ $nCO_2$
-Theo PT: $nC_2H_2$ = $0,25(mol)$ < $0,3$
$\Rightarrow$ $C_2H_2$ phản ứng thiếu
$\Rightarrow$ $nO_2$ = $\frac{5}{4}$ * $0,5$ = $0,625(mol)$
-Bảo toàn khối lượng:
$mO_2$ + $mC_2H_2$ = $mCO_2$ + $mH_2O$
$0,25 * 26 + 0,625 * 32 = 0,5 * 44 + m_2$
$\Rightarrow$ $m_2$ = $45(g)$
$a) CH_4 + 2O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} CO_2 + 2H_2O$
b) $n_{CH_4} = \dfrac{3,92}{22,4} = 0,175(mol)$
$n_{O_2} = \dfrac{3,84}{32} = 0,12(mol)$
Ta thấy : $n_{CH_4} : 1 > n_{O_2} : 2$ nên $CH_4$ dư
$n_{CH_4\ pư} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{O_2} = 0,06(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{CH_4\ dư} = (0,175 - 0,06).16 = 1,84(gam)$
c) $2NaOH + CO_2 \to Na_2CO_3 + H_2O$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{Na_2CO_3} = n_{CO_2} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{CH_4} = 0,06(mol)$
$m_{Na_2CO_3} = 0,06.106 = 6,36(gam)$
$n_{C_2H_2} = \dfrac{6,72}{22,4} = 0,3(mol) ; n_{O_2} = 0,5(mol)$
$2C_2H_2 + 5O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 4CO_2 + 2H_2O$
Ta thấy :
$n_{C_2H_2} : 2 > n_{O_2} : 5$ nên $C_2H_2$ dư
Theo PTHH :
$n_{C_2H_2\ pư} = \dfrac{5}{2} = 0,2(mol)$
$n_{CO_2} = 0,4(mol) ; n_{H_2O} = 0,2(mol)$
Suy ra :
$m_{C_2H_2\ dư} = (0,3 - 0,2).26 = 2,6(gam)$
$m_{CO_2} = 0,4.44 = 17,6(gam)$
$m_{H_2O} = 0,2.18 = 3,6(gam)$
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