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Đoạn A nói về vấn đề nóng lên toàn cầu, đoạn B nói về nạn chặn cây phá rừng tự nhiên, đoạn C nói về ô nhiễm không khí, đoạn D nói về sự tuyệt chủng loài. Đây đều là các vấn đề về môi trường => chọn a.
Tạm dịch:
a. Các vấn đề về môi trường: Chúng là gì?
b. Bảo vệ môi trường: Nó quan trọng như thế nào?
c. Các giải pháp môi trường: Chúng thực tế như thế nào?
Môi trường chúng ta sống đang phải đối mặt với nhiều vấn đề nghiêm trọng. Chúng ta cần nhận thức rõ những vấn đề này để có thể tìm cách bảo vệ thiên nhiên.
A. Sự nóng lên toàn cầu là sự gia tăng nhiệt độ trung bình của khí quyển trái đất. Đó là một trong những vấn đề lớn nhất mà con người phải đối mặt ngày nay. Nó có thể gây ra những hậu quả nghiêm trọng như mực nước biển dâng cao, băng tan ở hai cực và các hiện tượng thời tiết khắc nghiệt như lũ lụt hoặc sóng nhiệt.
B. Một vấn đề môi trường khác là chặt phá rừng tự nhiên. Việc mất rừng có thể có tác động tiêu cực đến môi trường. Nó có thể làm hư hại môi trường sống tự nhiên của nhiều loài động vật và khiến động vật hoang dã gặp nguy hiểm. Nó cũng có thể phá hủy đất tự nhiên và dẫn đến biến đổi khí hậu.
C. Ô nhiễm không khí cũng là một vấn đề nghiêm trọng. Nguyên nhân chủ yếu là do khí thải từ xe cộ, máy móc hoặc nhà máy. Khi những khí độc hại này kết hợp với nước trong không khí, chúng sẽ tạo thành mưa hoặc tuyết, có thể gây hại cho mọi dạng sống. Ngoài ra, vấn đề này còn dẫn đến hiện tượng nóng lên toàn cầu và biến đổi khí hậu. Nó cũng là nguyên nhân chính gây ra các bệnh về đường hô hấp hay thậm chí là ung thư phổi.
D. Trên khắp thế giới, số lượng các loài động vật có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng đang tăng lên. Nhiều con trong số chúng biến mất vì ô nhiễm và biến đổi khí hậu. Ngoài ra, còn vì con người săn bắt và giết động vật một cách bất hợp pháp và đánh bắt quá nhiều cá cùng một lúc. Điều này đang làm đảo lộn sự cân bằng tự nhiên của các hệ sinh thái, có thể gây hại cho tất cả các sinh vật sống và không sống.
Frogs are amphibians, meaning that they can live both in and out of the water. All frogs lay their eggs in the water, and a female frog will lay thousands of eggs at a time. When the eggs hatch, (1)___babies__ come out are not frogs but rather tadpoles. Unlike frogs, tadpoles must spend all their time in the (2)___water__, being unable to breathe air at this point. Tadpoles also lack arms and legs, and have a tail which they (3)___disappear__ as they develop into frogs. Tadpoles are herbivours, which means that they only eat (4)__plants___. Specially, tadpoles eat algae, a water plant which can be harmful if there is too much of it. (5)___Therefore__, tadpoles are important to keep most ponds healthy.
As tadpoles develop into mature frogs, they develop the lungs which allow them to (6)___get___ air, and the arms and legs which allow them to move across (7)___ground __. At this point the mature frogs leave the ponds, (8)__so___ some species stay near the water for their entire lives. Mature frogs are carnivores, (9)__eating___ insects and small fish. Most frogs hunt using their long, sticky tongueto catch their prey. Some species of frogs have developed extremely strong poisons to defend (10)___themselves__ from their other animals.
b trước sai nhiều quá nên mình làm lại nhé :3
1. Jasey didn't allow her children to go out in the evening
=> Jasey didn't make her children go out in the evening
2. My mother asked us to complete our exercises before going to bed
=> My mother let us complete our exercises before going to bed
3. Do you enjoy drinking a cup of coffee?
=> Would you like to drink a cup of coffee?
4. We like playing football with our close friends at weekends
=> We want to play football with our close friends at weekends
5. They went out of the restaurant, and he noticed it
=> He noticed them go out of the restaurant
6. The animal moved on my hand, and I felt it
=> I felt the animal move on my hand
7. It is the first time that they have seen a big tiger
=> They have never seen a big tiger before
8.To read his books is very exciting
=> It is very exciting to read his books
9. It is easy to speak to him
=> To speak to him is easy
10. We like playing football with our close friends at weekends
=> We want to play football with our close friends at weekends
11. To meet your parents is very nice
=> It is very nice to meet your parents
12. The house shook violently and all of us felt that
=> All of us felt the house shake violently
1. Jasey didn't allow her children to go out in the evening
=> Jasey didn't make her children gone out in the evening.
2. My mother asked us to complete our exercises before going to bed
=> My mother let us complete our exercises before going to bed.
3. Do you enjoy drinking a cup of coffee?
=> Would you like to drink a cup of coffee
4. We like playing football with our close friends at weekends
=> We want to play football with our close friends at weekends.
5. They went out of the restaurant, and he noticed it
=> He noticed they went out of the restaurant.
6. The animal moved on my hand, and I felt it
=> I felt The animal moved on my hand.
7. It is the first time that they have seen a big tiger
=> They haven't seen a big tiger before.
8.To read his books is very exciting
=> It is very exciting to read his books.
9. It is easy to speak to him
=> To speak to him is easy.
10. We like playing football with our close friends at weekends
=> We want to play football with our close friends at weekends.
11. To meet your parents is very nice
=> It is very nice to meet your parents.
12. The house shook violently and all of us felt that
=> All of us
EX1 :Read the text below and choose the correct word for each space. For each question 1 -10, mark the correct letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet.
Robots can work in places humans can't easily get to. These include deep oceans on distant planets or on sites with bad pollution. Robots are also used in factories (1) ________ they can work more quickly and accurately than a human, and without needing to rest. Improvements in technology over the past 50 years have (2) _______ that scientists are now able to create very clever robots. The most complicated of these can make (3) _______ for themselves, learn new things, and deal with problems. However, while robots that look like people are very common in science fiction films, they are very (4) _______ in real life. Making a machine that can balance and move on two legs is a real challenge and is unnecessary for most of the jobs we need robots to do for us. However, a Japanese robot (5)_____ as Asimo does walk on two legs and can even climb up and down stairs.
1. A. unless B. because C. although D. despite
2. A. intended B. supposed C. said D. meant
3. A. results B. decisions C. thoughts D. options
4. A. rare B. thin C. little D. narrow
5.A. called B. known C. named D. said
EX2: Mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSET in meaning to the underline word(s) in each of the following question.
Her father died after he had brought up all of his children.
A. was in the dust
B. was out of this world
C. was the apple of her eyes
D. called it a day
1. The teacher is Mr Pike. We studied with him last year
-> The teacher is Mr Pike whom we studied with last year.
2.The problem has been discussed in class. We are very interested in it.
-> We are very interested in the problem which has been discussed in class.
3.Do you see my pen? I have just written the lesson with it.
-> Do you see my pen which I have just written the lesson with.
4.I like standing at the windows. I can see the park from this window.
-> I like standing at the windows which I can see the park from.
5.We are crossing the meadow. We flew kites over it in our childhood.
-> We are crossing the meadow which we flew kites over in our childhood.
6.The middle-aged man is the director. My father is talking to him.
-> The middle-aged man whom my father is talking to is the director.
7.The boy is my cousin. You made fun of him.
-> The boy whom you made fun of is my cousin.
8.The woman lives next door to me. You gave place to her on the bus.
-> The woman whom you gave place to on the bus lives next door to me.
9.These children are orphans. She is taking care of these children.
-> She is taking care of these children whom are orphans.
10.This is the result of our work. I'm pleased with it.
-> This is the result of our work which I'm pleased with.
#fix:
1. The teacher whom we studied with last year is Mr Pike.
Help me
PAPER RECYCLING
A Paper is different from other waste produce because it comes from a sustainable resource: trees. Unlike the minerals and oil used to make plastics and metals, trees are replaceable. Paper is also biodegradable, so it does not pose as much threat to the environment when it is discarded. While 45 out of every 100 tonnes of wood fibre used to make paper in Australia comes from waste paper, the rest comes directly from virgin fibre from forests and plantations. By world standards, this is a good performance since the worldwide average is 33 percent waste paper. Governments have encouraged waste paper collection and sorting schemes and at the same time, the paper industry has responded by developing new recycling technologies that have paved the way for even greater utilization of used fibre. As a result, industry’s use of recycled fibres is expected to increase at twice the rate of virgin fibre over the coming years.
B Already, waste paper constitutes 70% of paper used for packaging and advances in the technology required to remove ink from the paper have allowed a higher recycled content in newsprint and writing paper. To achieve the benefits of recycling, the community must also contribute. We need to accept a change in the quality of paper products; for example, stationery may be less white and of a rougher texture. There also needs to support from the community for waste paper collection programs. Not only do we need to make the paper available to collectors but it also needs to be separated into different types and sorted from contaminants such as staples, paperclips, string and other miscellaneous items.
C There are technical limitations to the amount of paper which can be recycled and some paper products cannot be collected for re-use. These include paper in the form of books and permanent records, photographic paper and paper which is badly contaminated. The four most common sources of paper for recycling are factories and retail stores which gather large amounts of packaging material in which goods are delivered, also offices which have unwanted business documents and computer output, paper converters and printers and lastly households which discard newspapers and packaging material. The paper manufacturer pays a price for the paper and may also incur the collection cost.
D Once collected, the paper has to be sorted by hand by people trained to recognise various types of paper. This is necessary because some types of paper can only be made from particular kinds of recycled fibre. The sorted paper then has to be repulped or mixed with water and broken down into its individual fibres. This mixture is called stock and may contain a wide variety of contaminating materials, particularly if it is made from mixed waste paper which has had little sorting. Various machineries are used to remove other materials from the stock. After passing through the repulping process, the fibres from printed waste paper are grey in colour because the printing ink has soaked into the individual fibres. This recycled material can only be used in products where the grey colour does not matter, such as cardboard boxes but if the grey colour is not acceptable, the fibres must be de-inked. This involves adding chemicals such as caustic soda or other alkalis, soaps and detergents, water-hardening agents such as calcium chloride, frothing agents and bleaching agents. Before the recycled fibres can be made into paper they must be refined or treated in such a way that they bond together.
E Most paper products must contain some virgin fibre as well as recycled fibres and unlike glass, paper cannot be recycled indefinitely. Most paper is down-cycled which means that a product made from recycled paper is of an inferior quality to the original paper. Recycling paper is beneficial in that it saves some of the energy, labour and capital that go into producing virgin pulp. However, recycling requires the use of fossil fuel, a non-renewable energy source, to collect the waste paper from the community and to process it to produce new paper. And the recycling process still creates emissions which require treatment before they can be disposed of safely. Nevertheless, paper recycling is an important economical and environmental practice but one which must be carried out in a rational and viable manner for it to be useful to both industry and the community.
i. Process of paper recycling
ii. Less threat of waste paper to the environment
iii. Collection of paper for recycling
iv. Sources of paper for recycling
v. Bad sides of paper recycling
vi. Contribution of community to recycling paper
Your answer:
1. Paragraph A ...........iii. Collection of paper for recycling............
2. Paragraph B ..........vi. Contribution of community to recycling paper.............
3. Paragraph C ...........iv. Sources of paper for recycling............
4. Paragraph D ............i. Process of paper recycling...........
5. Paragraph E ...........v. Bad sides of paper recycling............
1. surface
2. fossil
3. greenhouse
4. global
5. rain
6. climate
7. sea
8. ice
9. renewable
Hướng dẫn dịch:
SỰ NÓNG LÊN TOÀN CẦU
Hồ sơ dữ kiện
Trái đất đang nóng lên. Nhiệt độ bề mặt trung bình hiện nay cao hơn 0,75 ° C so với 100 năm trước.
Khi chúng ta đốt nhiên liệu hóa thạch, chúng thải ra khí nhà kính như carbon dioxide (CO2). Điều này gây ra hiện tượng ấm lên toàn cầu.
Chúng ta đã chặt phá hơn 50% rừng mưa trên Trái đất trong 60 năm qua. Những điều này rất quan trọng vì chúng loại bỏ CO2 khỏi khí quyển và bổ sung oxy. Chúng cũng là nơi sinh sống của hơn một nửa số loài động thực vật trên thế giới.
Một số nhà khoa học tin rằng đến năm 2050, khoảng 35% các loài động thực vật có thể chết vì biến đổi khí hậu.
Mực nước biển đang dâng cao và các chỏm băng ở hai cực đang tan chảy.
Các nhà khoa học nói rằng nhiên liệu hóa thạch như than và khí đốt có thể cạn kiệt vào năm 3000. Vì vậy, chúng ta cần phát triển các giải pháp thay thế, chẳng hạn như năng lượng tái tạo và năng lượng hạt nhân.