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Đặt x=a+b+c(x>3)
Ta có \(\left(x-6\right)^2\ge0\)(dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=6 hay a+b+c=6)\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-12x+36\ge0\Leftrightarrow x^2\ge12x-36\Leftrightarrow x^2\ge12\left(x-3\right)\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{x-3}\ge12\)(1)
Áp dụng bđt \(\frac{x^2}{a}+\frac{y^2}{b}+\frac{z^2}{c}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{a+b+c}\)(dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\frac{x}{a}=\frac{y}{b}=\frac{z}{c}\))
Ta có \(\frac{a^2}{b-1}+\frac{b^2}{c-1}+\frac{c^2}{a-1}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c-3}=\frac{x^2}{x-3}\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2)\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{b-1}+\frac{b^2}{c-1}+\frac{c^2}{a-1}\ge12\)(đpcm)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\frac{a}{b-1}=\frac{b}{c-1}=\frac{c}{a-1}\\a+b+c=6\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=2\)
Ta thấy: \(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^2=a+b+2\sqrt{ab}\)
\(\left(\sqrt{a+b}\right)^2=a+b\)
Nếu: \(2\sqrt{ab}>0\left(a,b>0\right)\text{ thì: }\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^2>\left(\sqrt{a+b}\right)^2\)
<=>\(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}>\sqrt{a+b}\)
\(B=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}}+....+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2013}+\sqrt{2015}}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{2}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{5}}+...+\frac{2}{\sqrt{2013}-\sqrt{2014}}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}.\left(-1+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{5}-...-\sqrt{2013}+\sqrt{2015}\right)\)
=\(\frac{\sqrt{2015}-1}{2}\)
Xét hiệu: B-A=\(\frac{\sqrt{2015}-1}{2}-\sqrt{481}=\frac{\sqrt{2015}-1}{2}-\frac{\sqrt{1924}}{2}=\frac{\sqrt{2015}-\left(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{1924}\right)}{2}>\frac{\sqrt{2015}-\sqrt{1+1924}}{2}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{2015}-\sqrt{1925}}{2}>0\Rightarrow A>B\)
Giải:
Vì \(0\leq a,b,c\leq 1\Rightarrow ab,ac,ab\geq abc\)
Do đó mà \(\frac{a}{bc+1}+\frac{b}{ac+1}+\frac{c}{ab+1}\leq \frac{a+b+c}{abc+1}\)
Giờ chỉ cần chỉ ra \(\frac{a+b+c}{abc+1}\leq 2\). Thật vậy:
Do \(0\leq b,c\leq 1\Rightarrow (b-1)(c-1)\geq 0\Leftrightarrow bc+1\geq b+c\Rightarrow bc+a+1\geq a+b+c\)
Suy ra \( \frac{a+b+c}{abc+1}\leq \frac{bc+a+1}{abc+1}=\frac{bc+a-2abc-1}{abc+1}+2=\frac{(bc-1)(1-a)-abc}{abc+1}+2\)
Ta có \(\left\{\begin{matrix}bc\le1\\a\le1\\abc\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}\left(bc-1\right)\left(1-a\right)\le1\\-abc\le0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow \frac{(bc-1)(1-a)-abc}{abc+1}+2\leq 2\Rightarrow \frac{a+b+c}{abc+1}\leq 2\)
Chứng minh hoàn tất
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \((a,b,c)=(0,1,1)\) và hoán vị.
\(\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ac}\right)=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}=2\)
Bài 3:
Do a và b đều không chia hết cho 3 nhưng khi chia cho 3 thì có cùng số dư nên\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=3n+1\\b=3m+1\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=3n+2\\b=3m+2\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1:\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=3n+1\\b=3m+1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow ab-1=\left(3n+1\right)\left(3m+1\right)-1\)
\(\Rightarrow ab-1=9nm+3m+3n+1-1=9nm+3m+3n⋮3\) nên là bội của 3 (đpcm)
TH2:\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=3n+2\\b=3m+2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow ab-1=\left(3n+2\right)\left(3m+2\right)-1\)
\(\Rightarrow ab-1=9nm+6m+6n+4-1=9nm+6m+6n+3⋮3\) nên là bội của 3 (đpcm)
Vậy ....
Bài 2:
\(B=\frac{1}{2010.2009}-\frac{1}{2009.2008}-\frac{1}{2008.2007}-...-\frac{1}{3.2}-\frac{1}{2.1}\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\frac{1}{2010.2009}-\left(\frac{1}{2009.2008}+\frac{1}{2008.2007}+...+\frac{1}{3.2}+\frac{1}{2.1}\right)\)
Đặt A=\(\frac{1}{2009.2008}+\frac{1}{2008.2007}+...+\frac{1}{3.2}+\frac{1}{2.1}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{2009-2008}{2009.2008}+\frac{2008-2007}{2008.2007}+...+\frac{3-2}{3.2}+\frac{2-1}{2.1}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{2-1}{2.1}+\frac{3-2}{3.2}+...+\frac{2008-2007}{2008.2007}+\frac{2009-2008}{2009.2008}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2007}-\frac{1}{2008}+\frac{1}{2008}-\frac{1}{2009}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=1-\frac{1}{2009}\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\frac{1}{2010.2009}-A=\frac{1}{2010.2009}-\left(1-\frac{1}{2009}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\frac{1}{2010.2009}+\frac{1}{2009}-1=\frac{2011}{2010.2009}-1\)
cho 2014=2013+1 thay vào ta có:\(B=x^{2013}-\left(2013+1\right)x^{2012}+\left(2013+1\right)x^{2011}-...-\left(2013+1\right)x^2+\left(2013+1\right)x-1\)
\(=x^{2013}-\left(x+1\right)x^{2012}+\left(x+1\right)x^{2011}-...-\left(x+1\right)x^2+\left(x+1\right)x-1\)
\(=x^{2013}-x^{2013}-x^{2012}+x^{2012}+x^{2011}-...-x^3-x^2+x^2+x-1\)
\(=x-1=2013-1=2012\)
bình phương 2 vế của 1/a + 1/b +1/c =2 ta đk:
1/a^2 +1/b^2 + 1/c^2 + 2 x (a+b+c) / abc =4
1/a^2 + 1/b^2 + 1/c^2 +2 =4
=> 1/a^2 + 1/b^2 + 1/c^2 =2
olm đã có
Ta có :
\(S=2015+\frac{2015}{1+2}+\frac{2015}{1+2+3}+...+\frac{2015}{1+2+3+..+2016}\)
\(=2015.\left(1+\frac{1}{1+2}+\frac{1}{1+2+3}+...+\frac{1}{1+2+3+..+2016}\right)\)
\(=2015.\left(1+\frac{1}{\frac{\left(2+1\right).2}{2}}+\frac{1}{\frac{\left(3+1\right).3}{2}}+...+\frac{1}{\frac{\left(2016+1\right).2016}{2}}\right)\)
\(=2015.\left(\frac{2}{2}+\frac{2}{2.\left(2+1\right)}+\frac{2}{3.\left(3+1\right)}+...+\frac{2}{2016.\left(2016+1\right)}\right)\)
\(=2015.2.\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2.\left(2+1\right)}+\frac{1}{3.\left(3+1\right)}+...+\frac{1}{2016.\left(2016+1\right)}\right)\)
\(=2015.2.\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{2016.2017}\right)\)
\(=2015.2.\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2016}-\frac{1}{2017}\right)\)
\(=2015.2.\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2017}\right)\)
\(=2015.2.\left(1-\frac{1}{2017}\right)\)
\(=2015.2.\frac{2016}{2017}\)
=\(\frac{2015.2.2016}{2017}\)
=\(\frac{8124480}{2017}\)
Vậy \(S=\frac{8124480}{2017}\)
