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1: \(=3\left(x+\dfrac{2}{3}\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\)
\(=3\left(x+2\cdot\sqrt{x}\cdot\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{9}+\dfrac{2}{9}\right)\)
\(=3\left(\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^2+\dfrac{2}{3}>=3\cdot\dfrac{1}{9}+\dfrac{2}{3}=1\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=0
2: \(=x+3\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{9}{4}-\dfrac{21}{4}=\left(\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{21}{4}>=-3\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=0
3: \(A=-2x-3\sqrt{x}+2< =2\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=0
5: \(=x-2\sqrt{x}+1+1=\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2+1>=1\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=1
1)
ĐK: \(x\geq 5\)
PT \(\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{4(x-5)}+3\sqrt{\frac{x-5}{9}}-\frac{1}{3}\sqrt{9(x-5)}=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{4}.\sqrt{x-5}+3\sqrt{\frac{1}{9}}.\sqrt{x-5}-\frac{1}{3}.\sqrt{9}.\sqrt{x-5}=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 2\sqrt{x-5}+\sqrt{x-5}-\sqrt{x-5}=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 2\sqrt{x-5}=6\Rightarrow \sqrt{x-5}=3\Rightarrow x=3^2+5=14\)
2)
ĐK: \(x\geq -1\)
\(\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{x+6}=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (\sqrt{x+1}-2)+(\sqrt{x+6}-3)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{x+1-2^2}{\sqrt{x+1}+2}+\frac{x+6-3^2}{\sqrt{x+6}+3}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{x-3}{\sqrt{x+1}+2}+\frac{x-3}{\sqrt{x+6}+3}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x-3)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x+1}+2}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{x+6}+3}\right)=0\)
Vì \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x+1}+2}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{x+6}+3}>0, \forall x\geq -1\) nên $x-3=0$
\(\Rightarrow x=3\) (thỏa mãn)
Vậy .............
Bài 3:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky ta có:
\((2x+3y)^2\leq (2x^2+3y^2)(2+3)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A^2\leq 5(2x^2+3y^2)\leq 5.5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A^2\leq 25\Leftrightarrow A^2-25\leq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (A-5)(A+5)\leq 0\Leftrightarrow -5\leq A\leq 5\)
Vậy \(A_{\min}=-5\Leftrightarrow (x,y)=(-1;-1)\)
\(A_{\max}=5\Leftrightarrow x=y=1\)
Bài 4:
Lời giải:
\(B=\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{5-x}\)
\(\Rightarrow B^2=(\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{5-x})^2=4+2\sqrt{(x-1)(5-x)}\)
Vì \(\sqrt{(x-1)(5-x)}\geq 0\Rightarrow B^2\geq 4\)
Mặt khác \(B\geq 0\)
Kết hợp cả hai điều trên suy ra \(B\geq 2\)
Vậy \(B_{\min}=2\).
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \((x-1)(5-x)=0\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{1;5\right\}\)
---------------------------------------
\(A=\sqrt{x^2+x+1}+\sqrt{x^2-x+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow A^2=2x^2+2+2\sqrt{(x^2+x+1)(x^2-x+1)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A^2=2x^2+2+2\sqrt{(x^2+1)^2-x^2}=2x^2+2+2\sqrt{x^4+1+x^2}\)
Vì \(x^2\geq 0\forall x\in\mathbb{R}\)
\(\Rightarrow A^2\geq 2+2\sqrt{1}\Leftrightarrow A^2\geq 4\)
Mà $A$ là một số không âm nên từ \(A^2\geq 4\Rightarrow A\geq 2\)
Vậy \(A_{\min}=2\Leftrightarrow x=0\)
b, ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge\frac{5}{2}\)
\(pt\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x+4-6\sqrt{2x-5}}+\sqrt{2x-4+2\sqrt{2x-5}}=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2x-5}-3\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2x-5}+1\right)^2}=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x-5}=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=7\left(tm\right)\)
a, ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge5\)
\(pt\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-5+4\sqrt{x-5}+4}+\sqrt{x-5+8\sqrt{x-5}+16}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x-5}+2\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x-5}+4\right)^2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{x-5}+6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-5}=-3\)
Phương trình vô nghiệm
\(x=\sqrt{x^2-2x+5}=\sqrt{x^2-2x+1+4}\\ =\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)^2+4}\ge\sqrt{4}=2\)
dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=1
vậy min x=2 khi x=1
\(y=\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2}{4}-\dfrac{x}{6}+1}=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{x}{2}\right)^2-2.\dfrac{x}{2}.\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{1}{36}+\dfrac{35}{36}}\\ =\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{x}{2}-\dfrac{1}{6}\right)^2+\dfrac{35}{36}}\ge\sqrt{\dfrac{35}{36}}\)
dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\dfrac{x}{2}-\dfrac{1}{6}=0\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
vậy min y =\(\sqrt{\dfrac{35}{36}}\) tại \(x=\dfrac{1}{3}\)