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2.
a. Ta có: x + y = 5 ⇒ x = 5 - y
Thay vào A ta được:
\(A=3\left(5-y\right)^2+3y^2-2y+6\left(5-y\right).y-100\)
\(A=75-30y+3y^2+3y^2-2y+30y-6y^2-100\)
\(A=75-100=-25\)
b. Ta có: x - y = 7 ⇒ x = 7 + y
Thay x = 7 + y vào A ta được:
\(A=\left(7+y\right)\left(7+y+2\right)+y\left(y-2\right)-2\left(7+y\right).y+37\)
\(A=y^2+16y+63+y^2-2y-14y-2y^2+37\)
\(A=100\)
c. Ta có: x + 2y = 5 ⇒ x = 5 - 2y
Thay vào A ta có:
\(A=\left(5-2y\right)^2+4y^2-2\left(5-2y\right)+10+4\left(5-2y\right).y-4y\)
\(A=25-20y+4y^2+4y^2-19+4y+10+20y-8y^2-4y\)
\(A=16\)
\(\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x-x^2+x-1\right)=-\left(x+1\right)\)
\(\left(2a^2+1\right)^2-4a^2-\left(2a^2+1\right)^2=-4a^2\)
\(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+a^2-b^2-c^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=2a^2\left(2b^2+2c^2\right)=4a^2b^2+4a^2c^2\)
\(\left(a-5\right)^2\left(a+5\right)^2=\left(a^2-25\right)^2\)
\(\left(3a^3+1\right)^2-9a^2-\left(3a^3+1\right)^2=-9a^2\)
\(e,\)
\(\left(\dfrac{1}{3}a^3b+\dfrac{1}{3}a^2b^2-\dfrac{1}{4}ab^3\right):5ab\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{15}a^2+\dfrac{1}{15}ab-\dfrac{1}{20}b^2\)
\(f,\)
\(\left(-\dfrac{2}{3}x^5y^2+\dfrac{3}{4}x^4y^3-\dfrac{4}{5}x^3y^4\right):6x^2y^2\)
\(=-\dfrac{1}{9}x^3+\dfrac{1}{8}x^2y-\dfrac{2}{15}xy^2\)
\(g,\)
\(\left(\dfrac{3}{4}a^6b^3+\dfrac{6}{5}a^3b^4-\dfrac{5}{10}ab^5\right):\left(\dfrac{3}{5}ab^3\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{5}{4}a^5+2a^2b-\dfrac{5}{6}b^2\)
1a)\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
b)\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
2a)\(a^2+\dfrac{b^2}{4}\ge ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-ab+\dfrac{b^2}{4}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}b\cdot a+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}b\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-\dfrac{1}{2}b\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
b)Đã cm
c)\(a^2+b^2+1\ge ab+a+b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2\ge2ab+2a+2b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2-2a+1\right)+\left(b^2-2b+1\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-1\right)^2+\left(b-1\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=1
Bài 2:
a: \(\left(a-b-2\right)^2-\left(2a-2b\right)\left(a-b-2\right)+a^2-2ab+b^2\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)^2-4\left(a-b\right)+4+\left(a-b\right)^2-2\left(a-b\right)\left(a-b-2\right)\)
\(=2\left(a-b\right)^2-4\left(a-b\right)+4-2\left[\left(a-b\right)^2-2\left(a-b\right)\right]\)
\(=2\left(a-b\right)^2-4\left(a-b\right)+4-2\left(a-b\right)^2+4\left(a-b\right)\)
\(=4\)
b: \(\left(2+1\right)\left(2^2+1\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(2^{256}+1\right)-1\)
\(=\left(2^2-1\right)\left(2^2+1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(2^{256}+1\right)-1\)
\(=\left(2^4-1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\left(2^8+1\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(2^{256}+1\right)-1\)
\(=\left(2^8-1\right)\left(2^8+1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(2^{256}+1\right)-1\)
\(=\left(2^{16}-1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(2^{256}+1\right)-1\)
\(=\left(2^{32}-1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(2^{256}+1\right)-1\)
\(=\left(2^{64}-1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)\left(2^{128}+1\right)\left(2^{256}+1\right)-1\)
\(=\left(2^{128}-1\right)\left(2^{128}+1\right)\left(2^{256}+1\right)-1\)
\(=\left(2^{256}-1\right)\left(2^{256}+1\right)+1\)
\(=2^{512}-1+1=2^{512}\)
c: \(24\left(5^2+1\right)\left(5^4+1\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(5^{32}+1\right)-5^{64}\)
\(=\left(5^4-1\right)\left(5^4+1\right)\left(5^8+1\right)\left(5^{16}+1\right)\left(5^{32}+1\right)-5^{64}\)
\(=\left(5^8-1\right)\left(5^8+1\right)\left(5^{16}+1\right)\left(5^{32}+1\right)-5^{64}\)
\(=\left(5^{16}-1\right)\left(5^{16}+1\right)\left(5^{32}+1\right)-5^{64}\)
\(=\left(5^{32}-1\right)\left(5^{32}+1\right)-5^{64}\)
=-1
a)
\(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+m^2-a(b+c+d+m)\)
\(=\frac{4a^2+4b^2+4c^2+4d^2+4m^2-4a(b+c+d+m)}{4}\)
\(=\frac{(a^2+4b^2-4ab)+(a^2+4c^2-4ac)+(a^2+4d^2-4ad)+(a^2+4m^2-4am)}{4}\)
\(=\frac{(a-2b)^2+(a-2c)^2+(a-2d)^2+(a-2m)^2}{4}\geq 0\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=2b=2c=2d=2m\)
b)
Xét hiệu
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}-\frac{4}{x+y}=\frac{x+y}{xy}-\frac{4}{x+y}=\frac{(x+y)^2-4xy}{xy(x+y)}\)
\(=\frac{x^2+y^2-2xy}{xy(x+y)}=\frac{(x-y)^2}{xy(x+y)}\geq 0, \forall x,y>0\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\geq \frac{4}{x+y}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $x=y$
c)
Xét hiệu:
\((a^2+c^2)(b^2+d^2)-(ab+cd)^2\)
\(=(a^2b^2+a^2d^2+c^2b^2+c^2d^2)-(a^2b^2+2abcd+c^2d^2)\)
\(=a^2d^2-2abcd+b^2c^2=(ad-bc)^2\geq 0\)
\(\Rightarrow (a^2+c^2)(b^2+d^2)\geq (ab+cd)^2\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(ad=bc\)
d)
Xét hiệu:
\(a^2+b^2-(a+b-\frac{1}{2})=a^2+b^2-a-b+\frac{1}{2}\)
\(=(a^2-a+\frac{1}{4})+(b^2-b+\frac{1}{4})\)
\(=(a-\frac{1}{2})^2+(b-\frac{1}{2})^2\geq 0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2\geq a+b-\frac{1}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
b) \(\left(a+b\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\)
= \(1+\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}+1\)
=\(2+\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\)
áp dụng BĐT cô si cho 2 số ta có
\(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{b}{a}}=2\)
=> \(2+\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\ge4\)
<=> \(\left(a+b\right)\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)\ge4\)(đpcm)
a.
Xét hiệu:
\(a^3+b^3-ab\left(a+b\right)=\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)-ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=a^2-ab+b^2-ab=a^2-2ab+b^2\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)
=> BĐT luôn đúng
b.
Xét hiệu:
\(a^4+b^4-a^3b-ab^3=\left(a^4-a^3b\right)-\left(b^4-ab^3\right)\)
\(=a^3\left(a-b\right)-b^3\left(a-b\right)=\left(a^3-b^3\right)\left(a-b\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\left(a-b\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\ge0\)
=> BĐT luôn đúng
a)
\(a^3+b^3\ge ab\left(a+b\right)\forall a,b>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)\ge ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2-ab+b^2\ge ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
b)
\(a^4+b^4\ge a^3b+ab^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4-ab^3+b^4-a^3b\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(a^3-b^3\right)-b\left(a^3-b^3\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
c)
\(\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\ge\left(\sqrt{ab}+1\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)-\left(\sqrt{ab}+1\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1+b+a+ab-ab-2\sqrt{ab}-1\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a-2\sqrt{ab}+b\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2\ge0\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b\)
d)
\(\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}\ge ab+bc+ac\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM ta được
\(\dfrac{a^3}{b}+ab\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a^3}{b}.ab}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{b}+ab\ge2a^2\)
Tương tự ta được
\(\dfrac{b^3}{c}+bc\ge2b^2,\dfrac{c^3}{a}+ac\ge2c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}+ab+bc+ac\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
Mặt khác ta có:\(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ac\) (hệ quả bất đẳng thức AM-GM)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}\ge ab+bc+ac\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z;x,y,z>0\)
a: \(A=\left(100^2-1\right)\left(100^4+100^2+1\right)=100^6-1\)
b: \(B=\left(\dfrac{1}{5}a-b\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{25}a^2+\dfrac{1}{5}ab+b^2\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{5}a\right)^3-b^3=\dfrac{1}{125}a^3-b^3\)
c: \(C=\left(2+a\right)\left(4-2a+a^2\right)\left(2-a\right)\left(4+2a+a^2\right)\)
\(=\left(8+a^3\right)\left(8-a^3\right)=64-a^6\)