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Exercise 1: Rewrite the following sentences that keep the same meaning.
1. It isn’t necessary to finish the work to day.
=> You don’t ……have to finish the work today.…………..
2. Sally finally managed to get a job.
=> Sally finally succeeded …in getting a job.…………….
3. That’s the last time I go to that restaurant.
=> I certainly………won’t go to that restaurant any more.……
4. “I advise you to take a holiday,” the doctor continued.
=> You’d ……better take a holiday.…..
5. If you don’t rest yourself you really will be ill.
=> Unless ………you rest yourself you really will be ill.………….
6. I should someone to take me out to dinner.
=> What I should …………like is being/ to be taken out to dinner.……..………..
7. Martin may not be very well but he still manages to enjoy life.
=> Martin’s poor ………..…health doesn’t / can’t prevent / stop him ( from ) enjoying life.……..
8. They’ll have to take the dog on holiday with them.
=> They can’t leave ……… their dog behind when they go/are on holiday.………..…….
9. My aunt got heavily stressed because her marriage broke up.
=> The break-up of the marriage…………made my aunt heavily stressed.…
10. I can’t believe that he passed the exam.
=> I find…………it hard to believe that he passed the exam.……………
Exercise 2: Rewrite the following sentences that keep the same meaning.
1. This is the fastest way to get to the city center.
=> There …………is no faster way than this to get to the city center........................
2. If anyone succeeds in solving the problems, it will probably be him.
=> He is the most ……ly person to succeed in solving the problems.........
3. We arrived too late to see the first film.
=> We didn’t …………arrive early enough to see the first film.............
4. “Would you mind not smoking in here?”
=> I’d rather …….you didn’t smoke in here.....
5. He wrote the letter in two hours.
=> It took ……......him 2 hours to write the letter..........
6. “Why don’t we go out for a walk?”
=> My father suggested …….we should go out for a while.…...........
7. In spite of his age, Mr. Benson runs 8 miles before breakfast.
=> Though ……..........Mr.Benson is old, He runs 8 miles before breakfast..
8. I was very interested in our conversation.
=> It was interesting .……....to talk to you........
9. Why did you do that ?
=> Whatever …….did you do that for ?.............?
10. These bookshelves are my own work.
=> I made ……these bookshelves myself.
II. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence.
1. The fable is very exciting.
What exciting fable !
2. The book was so good that I couldn’t stop reading it.
Itwas such a good book that I couldn't stop reading it
3. The children were doing their homework when I got home.
While the children were doing their homework, I got home.
4. She finds it difficult to remember all the story.
It’s dificult for her to remember all the story
5. Sleeping Beauty is not as interesting as Beauty and the Beast.
Beauty and the Beast is more interesting than Sleeping Beauty
6. In spite of having no interest in folklore, Sylvia still enjoyed the story.
Although Sylvia wasn't interested in folklore, she still enjoyed the story.
7. My mother last told a fairy tale two years ago.
It’s two years since my mother last told a fairy tale
8. I think it would be a good idea if you joined the beginner’s class.
I suggest you should join the beginning's class
9. Charles Perrault wrote Cinderella in French in 1697.
Cinderella was written in French by Charles Perrault in 1697
10. I had a shower and the telephone rang.
When I were having a shower, the telephone rang
III. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first
sentence, using the words given.
1. It was not a good idea for you to refuse the offer of that job. (down)
You should down the offer of that job
2. My teacher suggested that I spent the summer in England. (advised)
My teacher advised me to spend the summer in England
3. The film is not as interesting as the novel was. (much)
The novel was much more interesting than the film is
4. Could you speak English when you were younger? (able)
When you were younger, were you able to speak English?
5. Could I borrow some change for the telephone? (lend)
Could you lend me some change for the telephone?
6. It’s ages since my sister and I had an argument. (for)
My sister and I haven't had argument for ages
7. While we were going home, we had an accident. (way)
We had an accident on our way home
8. I’ve been learning English for three years. (started)
I started to learn English three years ago.
1. He ran to the station to...the early train. (go, drive, ride, catch)
2. The woman....daughter we met last week is a nurse. (that, who, whose, whom)
3. She said that she.....you some day. (had visited, has visited, will visit, would visit)
4. My sister is very....of music (like, enjoyed, interested, fond)
5. The....of a football team usually wears an arm band. (forward, goalkeeper, captain, defender)
6. It's very kind.......you to help me to know about English literature (in,on,of,with)
7........it was so cold, he went out without an overoat. (if, since, although, because)
8. Please read the story......(aloud, loud, loudness, loudly)
Clauses of concession
Pewrite the sentences:
1. In spite of her dislike for coffee , she drank it to keep herself warm.
-> Although she dislikes coffee, she drank it to keep herself warm.
2. He couldn't earn enough money for living although he worked hard.
-> Despite working hard, he couldn't earn enough money for living.
3, Although Jane wrote for the tickets, she still had to stand in line.
-> In spite of writing for the tickets, Jane still had to stand in line.
4. We get a good room though we didn't phone the hotel.
-> Despite not phoning the hotel, we get a good room.
5. She was admitted to the university in spite of her low grades.
-> Although she got low grades, she was admitted to the university.
6. Despite the terrible food , he still eats in that restaurant.
-> Although the food is terrible, he still eats in that restaurant.
7. We did the test well though it was difficult.
-> In spite of the difficult test, we did it well.
8.The flight was not delayed though it was foggy.
-> Despite the fact that it was foggy, the flight was not delayed.
9. Although he is talented , no one likes him.
-> In spite of his talent, no one likes him.
Find the mistake in each sentence, and rewrite the sentences correctly.
1. I have seen the film before, so I knew how it ended.
->have seen->had seen
2. It was obvious that Bill worked hard because he was very tired when I saw him.
->worked=>had worked
3. If technology continues to advance so quickly, what is life like in hundred years?
->what is life like=>what will life be like
4. The spaceship won't launch until they have done a final check.
->won't launch=>won't be launched
5. When the bus was arriving, we missed it because we were busy talking.
->was arriving=>arrived
Adverb clause of reason :
1.They like him because he is kind.
➝Because of his kindness,they like him
2. I can't sleep because it is cold
➝Because of the cold weather,I can't sleep
3. We came late because there was a traffic jam
➝Because of I can't sleep the traffic jam,we came late
4. She went to bed early because she felt tired
➝Because of her tiredness ,she went to bed early
5. The test is difficult, so we can't do it
➝Because The test is difficult, we can't do it
6. They đin't go for a picnic because there was a storm
➝Because of a storm,they đin't go for a picnic
7. I can't study because it is noisy outside
➝Because of being noisy outside,I can't study
8. All the teacher love him because his conduct is good
➝Because of his good conduct ,all the teacher love him
9. Because she didn't get up early, she missedthe first bus
➝Because of not getting up early, she missedthe first bus
10. Because there was a strike, the workers stopped working
➝Because of a strike, the workers stopped working
11. We couldn't drive because the streets are crowded
➝Because of the crowded streets ,we couldn't drive
12. She worked very hard to earn a lot of money because her mother was sick
➝Because of her mother's sickness,She worked very hard to earn a lot of money
13. She didn't go to school because she was sick
➝Because of her sickness,She didn't go to school
14. Because it snowed continuously, we couldn't go out
➝Because of the continuous snow, we couldn't go out
15. The accident happened because the driver was careless
➝Because of the careless driver ,the accident happened
16. Because the door was broken, we decied to fix it
➝Because of the broken door , we decied to fix it
17. Because my friend was absent, I must copy all lesson for him
➝Because of my friend's absence , I must copy all lesson for him
18. Although she was clever, she didn't succeed
➝ In spite of being clever, she didn't succeed
19. Although my grandfather is cold, he walks to the pagoda every day
➝In spite of being cold, my grandfather walks to the pagoda every day
20. He is unhappy though he has good salary
➝In spite of having good salary,He is unhappy
Adverb clause of reason :
1.They like him because he is kind.
➝Because of his kindness, they like him
2. I can't sleep because it is cold
➝ Because of the cold weather, I can't sleep
3. We came late because there was a traffic jam
➝ Because of the traffic jam, we came late
4. She went to bed early because she felt tired
➝ Because of feeling tired, she went to bed early
5. The test is difficult, so we can't do it
➝ Because of the difficult test, we can't do it
6. They đin't go for a picnic because there was a storm
➝ Because of the storm, they didn't go for a picnic
7. I can't study because it is noisy outside
➝ Because of the noise outside, I can't study
8. All the teacher love him because his conduct is good
➝ All the teacher love him because of his good conduct
9. Because she didn't get up early, she missedthe first bus
➝ She missed the first bus because of not getting up early
10. Because there was a strike, the workers stopped working
➝ Because of the strike, the workers stopped working
11. We couldn't drive because the streets are crowded
➝ Because of the crowded streets, we couldn't drive
12. She worked very hard to earn a lot of money because her mother was sick
➝ Because of her mother's sickness, she worked very hard to earn a lot of money
13. She didn't go to school because she was sick
➝ She didn't go to school because of her sickness
14. Because it snowed continuously, we couldn't go out
➝ Because of the continuous snow, we couldn't go out
15. The accident happened because the driver was careless
➝ The accident happened because of the careless driver
16. Because the door was broken, we decied to fix it
➝ Because of the broken door, we decided to fix it
17. Because my friend was absent, I must copy all lesson for him
➝ Because of my friend's absence, I must copy all lesson for him
18. Although she was clever, she didn't succeed
➝ In spite of her cleverness, she didn't succeed
19. Although my grandfather is cold, he walks to the pagoda every day
➝ Despite being cold, my grandfather walks to the pagoda every day
20. He is unhappy though he has good salary
➝ Inspite of his good salary, he is unhappy
Use a relative pronoun or relative adverb to combine each pair of sentences below
1) I looked at the moon. It was very bright that evening
-> I looked at the moon which was very bright that evening
2) my father goes swimming everyday . You met him this morning
-> my father, whom you met this morning, goes swimming everyday
3) That car belongs to Dr Clark. It's engine is very good
-> That car whose engine is very good belongs to Dr Clark
4) In the class there are 48 students. The teacher knows only a few of them
-> In the class there are 48 students, only a few of whom the teacher knows
5) The pupils haven't done their homework. It is too bad
-> The pupils haven't done their homework, which is too bad
6) We first met in 1945. The revolution took place then
-> We first met in 1945, when the revolution took place then
7)the girl is happy. She won the race
-> The girl who won the race is happy
8) the taxi driver is friendly. He took me to the airport
-> the taxi driver who took me to the airport is friendly
9)I liked the composition. You wrote it
-> I liked the composition which you wrote
10)the people we're very nice. We visited them yesterday
-> the people whom we visited yesterday were very nice
11)the meeting was interesting. I went to it
-> the meeting which I went to was interesting
12)the picture was beautiful. She was looking at it
-> the picture which she was looking at was beautiful
13)I apologized the woman. I spilled her coffee
-> I apologized the woman whose coffee I spilled
14)the professor is excellent. I'm taking her course
-> the professor whose course I'm taking is excellent
15) the man called the police. His wallet was stolen
-> the man whose wallet was stolen called the police
rewrite the sentences without changing the meaning change from although-in spte ofand vice verssa
1 in spte of the bad weather we went to a school picnic
-> Although the weather was bad, we went to a school picnic.
2 in spte of his illless benny went to school because he had a important exam
-> Although Benny was ill, he went to school because he had a important exam.
3although she was very busy my mother cooked a great meal for us
-> In spite of being very busy, my mother cooked a great meal for us.
4although I studied hard for my english test. I still got a low grade
-> In spite of studying hard for my English test, I still got a low grade.
5 I have so many cavities although I brush my teeth regurlaly
-> In spite of brushing my teeth regularly, I have so many cavities.
6in spte of the heavy fog we managed to get to the meeting on time
-> Although the fog was heavy, we managed to get to the meeting on time.
7 although we played well, we coudn't win the game
-> In spite of playing well, we couldn't win the game.
8 the elevator was out of order so I had to use the stairs in spite of being exhauted
-> Although I was exhauted, I had to use the stairs because the elevator was out of order.
9she still loves her husband although they broke up
-> In spite of breaking up she still loves her husband.
10 although I lived in France for two years , I can hardly speak any france
-> In spite of living in France for two years, I can hardly speak any France.
1 in spte of the bad weather we went to a school picnic
-> Although the weather was bad, we went to a school picnic./
Despite the fact that the weather was bad,we went to a school picnic.
2 in spte of his illless benny went to school because he had a important exam
-> Although Benny was ill, he went to school because he had a important exam./
Despite the fact that Benny was ill, he went to school because he had a important exam.
3although she was very busy my mother cooked a great meal for us
-> In spite of being very busy, my mother cooked a great meal for us./
Despite the fact that she was very busy my mother cooked a great meal for us.
4although I studied hard for my english test. I still got a low grade
-> In spite of studying hard for my English test, I still got a low grade./
Despite studying hard for my English test, I still got a low grade.
5 I have so many cavities although I brush my teeth regurlaly
-> In spite of brushing my teeth regularly, I have so many cavities./
Despite brushing my teeth regularly, I have so many cavities.
6in spte of the heavy fog we managed to get to the meeting on time
-> Although the fog was heavy, we managed to get to the meeting on time.
7 although we played well, we coudn't win the game
-> In spite of playing well, we couldn't win the game.
8 the elevator was out of order so I had to use the stairs in spite of being exhauted
-> Although I was exhauted, I had to use the stairs because the elevator was out of order.
9she still loves her husband although they broke up
-> In spite of breaking up she still loves her husband.
10 although I lived in France for two years , I can hardly speak any france
-> In spite of living in France for two years, I can hardly speak any France.
31.has worked/doesn't have
32. Have you been swimming
33. Have you worked
34. has been ringing/ haven't answered
35.is growing
36.haven't seen/saw
37.have rung
38.met/ has become
39.hasn't drunk
40.has been
41.has been
42.has read
43.has had
44. Ran
45. have you smoked
46. has looked
47.wrote
48.has read
49.studied/ will study
50.have made
51.have you been
52. have been liking
53. used to want
54.have been unemploying
55.have you been studying
56.have read
57.used to like
58.am having
59. has learnt
60.have known
1. I’ll finish the work tonight if you like.
@ Would you like me to finish the work tonight
2. The teacher didn’t allow the class to leave before 4:30.
@ The teacher made the class not to leave until 4:30
3. We haven’t seen him for over twenty years.
@ It’s over twenty years since we last saw him
4. We couldn’t drive because of the fog.
@ The fog prevented us from driving
5. It is the most interesting novel I’ve ever read.
@ I have never read such a more interesting novel than it is
6. Although she lived in difficult countries, she worked very hard.
@ In spite of living in difficult countries, she worked very hard
7. We haven’t met since 1981.
@ It was in 1981 that we last met
8. I came to London ten years ago.
@ I have come to London for ten years
9. They haven’t seen their uncle for ten years.
@ It’s ten years since they last saw their uncle
10. Steve started learning the violin a month ago.
@ Steve has learned the violen for a month