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5) a) Ta có: \(a< b+c\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2< ab+ac\)
Tương tự: \(b^2< ba+bc\)
\(c^2< ca+cb\)
Cộng từng vế các BĐT vừa chứng minh, ta được đpcm
b) Ta có: \(\left(b+c-a\right)\left(b+a-c\right)=b^2-\left(c-a\right)^2\le b^2\)
\(\left(c+a-b\right)\left(c+b-a\right)=c^2-\left(a-b\right)^2\le c^2\)
\(\left(a+b-c\right)\left(a+c-b\right)=a^2-\left(b-c\right)^2\le a^2\)
Nhân từng vế các BĐT trên, ta được
\(\left[\left(b+c-a\right)\left(a+c-b\right)\left(a+b-c\right)\right]^2\le\left(abc\right)^2\)
Các biểu thức trong ngoặc vuông đều dương nên ta suy ra đpcm
Bài 5:
a)
Ta có \(a^2+b^2+c^2<2(ab+bc+ac)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a(b+c-a)+b(a+c-b)+c(a+b-c)>0\)
Điều này hiển nhiên đúng vì $a,b,c$ là độ dài ba cạnh tam giác nên
\(b+c-a,a+b-c,c+a-b>0\)
b) Áp dụng BĐT Am-Gm:
\((a+b-c)(b+c-a)\leq \left ( \frac{a+b-c+b+c-a}{2} \right )^2=b^2\)
\((a+b-c)(c+a-b)\leq \left (\frac{a+b-c+c+a-b}{2}\right)^2=a^2\)
\((b+c-a)(a+c-b)\leq \left ( \frac{b+c-a+a+c-b}{2} \right )^2=c^2\)
Nhân theo vế :
\(\Rightarrow [(a+b-c)(b+c-a)(c+a-b)]^2\leq a^2b^2c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow (a+b-c)(b+c-a)(c+a-b)\leq abc\)
Do đó ta có đpcm
c)
\(a^3+b^3+c^3+2abc< a^2(b+c)+b^2(c+a)+c^2(a+b)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a(ab+ac-a^2-bc)+b(ab+bc-b^2-ac)+c(ca+cb-c^2)>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a(a-c)(b-a)+b(b-c)(a-b)+c^2(a+b-c)>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a-b)(b-a)(b+a-c)+c^2(b+a-c)>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (b+a-c)[c^2-(a-b)^2]>0\)
Điều này hiển nhiên đúng vì $a,b,c$ là độ dài ba cạnh tam giác thì \(b+a>c, c>|a-b|\)
Do đó ta có đpcm.
a) Ta có:
\(\frac{2a+b}{a+b}+\frac{2b+c}{b+c}+\frac{2c+d}{c+d}+\frac{2d+a}{d+a}=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\left(\frac{2a+b}{a+b}-1\right)+\left(\frac{2b+c}{b+c}-1\right)-1\right]+\left[\left(\frac{2c+d}{c+d}-1\right)+\left(\frac{2d+a}{d+a}-1\right)-1\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}-1\right)+\left(\frac{c}{c+d}+\frac{d}{d+a}-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a.\left(b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{b.\left(a+b\right)}{\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right)}-\frac{\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right)}\right)+\left(\frac{c.\left(d+a\right)}{\left(c+d\right).\left(d+a\right)}+\frac{d.\left(c+d\right)}{\left(c+d\right).\left(d+a\right)}-\frac{\left(c+d\right).\left(d+a\right)}{\left(c+d\right).\left(d+a\right)}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{ab+ac}{\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{ab+b^2}{\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right)}-\frac{ab+ac+b^2+bc}{\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right)}\right)+\left(\frac{cd+ac}{\left(c+d\right).\left(d+a\right)}+\frac{cd+d^2}{\left(c+d\right).\left(d+a\right)}-\frac{cd+ac+d^2+ad}{\left(c+d\right).\left(d+a\right)}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{ab+ac+ab+b^2-ab-ac-b^2-bc}{\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right)}\right)+\left(\frac{cd+ac+cd+d^2-cd-ac-d^2-ad}{\left(c+d\right).\left(d+a\right)}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab-bc}{\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{cd-ad}{\left(c+d\right).\left(d+a\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab-bc}{\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right)}=-\frac{cd-ad}{\left(c+d\right).\left(d+a\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab-bc}{\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{ad-cd}{\left(c+d\right).\left(d+a\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{b.\left(a-c\right)}{\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{d.\left(a-c\right)}{\left(c+d\right).\left(d+a\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{b}{\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{d}{\left(c+d\right).\left(d+a\right)}\) (vì \(a;b;c;d\) là số nguyên dương).
\(\Leftrightarrow b\left(c+d\right).\left(d+a\right)=d\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(bc+bd\right).\left(d+a\right)=\left(ad+bd\right).\left(b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow bcd+abc+bd^2+abd=abd+acd+b^2d+bcd\)
\(\Leftrightarrow bd^2+abc=b^2d+acd\)
\(\Leftrightarrow bd^2-b^2d=acd-abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow bd.\left(d-b\right)=ac.\left(d-b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow bd.\left(d-b\right)-ac.\left(d-b\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(d-b\right).\left(bd-ac\right)=0\)
Vì \(a;b;c;d\) là số nguyên dương.
\(\Rightarrow d-b>0\)
\(\Rightarrow d-b\ne0.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow bd-ac=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow bd=ac.\)
Lại có:
\(A=abcd\)
\(\Rightarrow A=ac.bd\)
\(\Rightarrow A=ac.ac\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\left(ac\right)^2.\)
\(\Rightarrow A=abcd\) là số chính phương (đpcm).
Chúc bạn học tốt!
Ta có: \(x+2y+3x=0\Leftrightarrow x=-\left(2y+3z\right)\)
Lại có: \(2xy+6yz+3xz=0\Leftrightarrow x\left(2y+3z\right)+6yz=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\left(2y+3z\right)\left(2y+3z\right)+6yz=0\Leftrightarrow-\left(2y+3z\right)^2+6yz=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2y+3z\right)^2-6yz=0\Leftrightarrow4y^2+12yz+9z^2-6yz=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4y^2+6yz+9z^2=0\Leftrightarrow\left(2y+\dfrac{3z}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{27z^2}{4}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(2y+\dfrac{3z}{2}\right)^2=0\\\dfrac{27z^2}{4}=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow y=z=0\Rightarrow x=0\)
\(\Rightarrow S=\dfrac{\left(-1\right)^{2019}-1^{2017}+\left(-1\right)^{2015}}{1^{2018}+2.0^{2016}+0^{2014}+2}=\dfrac{-1-1+-1}{1+0+0+2}=\dfrac{-3}{3}=-1\)
2. Đặt c + d = x
Ta có: \(a+b+c+d=0\Rightarrow a+b+x=0\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3=3abx\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3+3cd\left(c+d\right)=3ab\left(c+d\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3=3ab\left(c+d\right)-3cd\left(c+d\right)=3\left(ab-cd\right)\left(c+d\right)\)
Câu 4:
\(a^{2016}+b^{2016}+c^{2016}=a^{1008}b^{1008}+b^{1008}c^{1008}+c^{1008}+a^{1008}\)
\(\Rightarrow2a^{2016}+2b^{2016}+2c^{2016}-2a^{1008}b^{1008}-2b^{1008}c^{1008}-2c^{1008}a^{1008}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^{1008}-b^{1008}\right)^2+\left(b^{1008}-c^{1008}\right)^2+\left(c^{1008}-a^{1008}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^{1008}=b^{1008},b^{1008}=c^{1008},c^{1008}=a^{1008}\)
\(\Rightarrow a=b,b=c,c=a\) (vì a,b,c > 0 nên \(a\ne-b,b\ne-c,c\ne-a\) )
\(\Rightarrow a-b=0,b-c=0,a-c=0\)
Thay vào A ta tính được A = 0
1, Ta có: \(\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x+1\ge0\Leftrightarrow x^2+1\ge2x\) (1)\(\left(y-1\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow y^2-2y+1\ge0\Leftrightarrow y^2+1\ge2y\) (2)\(\left(z-1\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow z^2-2z+1\ge0\Leftrightarrow z^2+1\ge2z\) (3)
Từ (1), (2) và (3) suy ra:
\(x^2+1+y^2+1+z^2+1\ge2x+2y+2z\)
<=> \(x^2+y^2+z^2+3\ge2\left(x+y+z\right)\) \(\xrightarrow[]{}\) đpcm
5. a, Ta có: \(\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x+1\ge0\Leftrightarrow x^2+1\ge2x\) (1)
\(\left(y-1\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow y^2-2y+1\ge0\Leftrightarrow y^2+1\ge2y\) (2)
\(\left(z-1\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow z^2-2z+1\ge0\Leftrightarrow z^2+1\ge2z\) (3)
Từ (1),(2) và (3) suy ra:
\(x^2+1+y^2+1+z^2+1\ge2x+2y+2z\)
<=> \(x^2+y^2+z^2+3\ge2\left(x+y+z\right)\)
mà x+y+z=3
=>\(x^2+y^2+z^2+3\ge2.3=6\)
<=> \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge6-3=3\)
<=> \(A\ge3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=y=z=1
Vậy GTNN của A=x2+y2+z2 là 3 khi x=y=z=1
b, Ta có: x+y+z=3
=> \(\left(x+y+z\right)^2=9\)
<=> \(x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2xz=9\)
<=> \(x^2+y^2+z^2=9-2xy-2yz-2xz\)
mà \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge3\) (theo a)
=> \(9-2xy-2yz-2xz\ge3\)
<=> \(-2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\ge3-9=-6\)
<=> \(xy+yz+xz\le\dfrac{-6}{-2}=3\)
<=> \(B\le3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=y=z=1
Vậy GTLN của B=xy+yz+xz là 3 khi x=y=z=1
\(3x^2+3y^2+4xy+2x-2y+2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2x^2+4xy+2y^2\right)+\left(x^2+2x+1\right)+\left(y^2-2y+1\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=0\\x+1=0\\y-1=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-1\\y=1\end{cases}}}\)
Khi đó: \(A=\left(-1+1\right)^{2014}+\left(-1+2\right)^{2015}+\left(1-1\right)^{2016}\)
\(=0+1+0=1\)