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a) Ta có: \(\frac{1}{2^2}>0\)
\(\frac{1}{3^2}>0\)
..................
\(\frac{1}{2016}^2>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{2016^2}>0\)
Hay \(A>0\left(1\right)\)
Lại có: \(\frac{1}{2^2}< \frac{1}{1.2}\)
\(\frac{1}{3^2}< \frac{1}{2.3}\)
....................
\(\frac{1}{2016^2}< \frac{1}{2015.2016}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+...+\frac{1}{2015.2016}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2015}-\frac{1}{2016}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1-\frac{1}{2016}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow0< A< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow A\)không phải là STN ( đpcm )
b) \(B=\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{99}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3B=1+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3B-B=\left(1+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{99}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2B=1-\frac{1}{3^{99}}\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2.3^{99}}< \frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow B< \frac{1}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(S=\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{5^2}+...+\frac{1}{99^2}+\frac{1}{100^2}\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{3^2}=\frac{1}{9}< \frac{1}{6}=\frac{1}{2.3}\)
\(\frac{1}{4^2}=\frac{1}{16}< \frac{1}{12}=\frac{1}{3.4}\)
Tương tự đến hết thì:
\(\frac{1}{100^2}=\frac{1}{10000}< \frac{1}{9900}=\frac{1}{99.100}\)
=> \(\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{5^2}+...+\frac{1}{99^2}+\frac{1}{100^2}< \frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{4.5}+...+\frac{1}{98.99}+\frac{1}{99.100}\)
=>\(S< \frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{98}-\frac{1}{99}+\frac{1}{99}-\frac{1}{100}\)
=>\(S< \frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{100}< \frac{1}{2}\)
=> \(S< \frac{1}{2}\)
nhận xét
\(\frac{1}{3^2}=\frac{1}{3.3}< \frac{1}{2\cdot3}=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\frac{1}{4^2}=\frac{1}{4\cdot4}< \frac{1}{3\cdot4}=\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}\)
...........................................
\(\frac{1}{99^2}=\frac{1}{99\cdot99}< \frac{1}{98\cdot99}=\frac{1}{98}-\frac{1}{99}\)
\(\frac{1}{100^2}=\frac{1}{100\cdot100}< \frac{1}{99\cdot100}=\frac{1}{99}-\frac{1}{100}\)
ta có
S=\(\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{99^2}+\frac{1}{100^2}< \frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{98}-\frac{1}{99}+\frac{1}{99}-\frac{1}{100}\)
S=\(\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{99^2}+\frac{1}{100^2}< \frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{100}< \frac{1}{2}\)
=>S<\(\frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy S<\(\frac{1}{2}\)
\(1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{99}-\frac{1}{100}=\left(1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{99}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{100}\right)\)
\(=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{99}+\frac{1}{100}\right)-2\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{6}+...+\frac{1}{100}\right)\)
\(=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{100}\right)-\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{50}\right)=\frac{1}{51}+\frac{1}{52}+...+\frac{1}{100}\)
\(\RightarrowĐPCM\)
Ta thấy:
\(A=1\cdot3+2\cdot4+...+97\cdot99+98\cdot100\)
\(A=1\cdot\left(1+2\right)+2\cdot\left(1+3\right)+...+97\cdot\left(1+98\right)+98\cdot\left(1+99\right)\)
\(A=\left(1+1\cdot2\right)+\left(2+2\cdot3\right)+...+\left(97+97\cdot98\right)+\left(98+98\cdot99\right)\)
\(A=\left(1+2+...+97+98\right)+\left(1\cdot2+2\cdot3+...+97\cdot98+98\cdot99\right)\)
Đặt \(B=1+2+...+97+98\) ; \(C=1\cdot2+2\cdot3+...+97\cdot98+98\cdot99\). Khi đó: \(A=B+C\)
* Do số các số hạng của tổng B là: ( 98 - 1 ) : 1 + 1 = 98 ( số hạng ) nên:
\(B=1+2+...+97+98=\frac{\left(98+1\right)\cdot98}{2}=99\cdot49=4851\)
* Ta thấy:
\(C=1\cdot2+2\cdot3+...+97\cdot98+98\cdot99\)
\(\Rightarrow3\cdot C=1\cdot2\cdot3+2\cdot3\cdot3+...+97\cdot98\cdot3+98\cdot99\cdot3\)
\(\Rightarrow3\cdot C=1\cdot2\cdot3+2\cdot3\cdot\left(4-1\right)+...+97\cdot98\cdot\left(99-96\right)+98\cdot99\cdot\left(100-97\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3\cdot C=1\cdot2\cdot3+2\cdot3\cdot4-1\cdot2\cdot3+...+97\cdot98\cdot99-96\cdot97\cdot98+98\cdot99\cdot100-97\cdot98\cdot99\)
\(\Rightarrow3\cdot C=98\cdot99\cdot100\)
\(\Rightarrow C=\frac{98\cdot99\cdot100}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow C=98\cdot33\cdot100\)
\(\Rightarrow C=323400\)
Vậy: \(A=B+C=4851+323400=328251\)
B=1/2 +(1/2 )^2+(1/3 )^3+......+(1/2 )\(^{99}\)
⇒2B=1+1/2 +1/22 +......+1/298
⇒B=2B−B=1−1/2\(^{99}\)
⇒1−1/2\(^{99}\) <1⇒B<1
\(2B=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{98}}\)
=> \(2B-B=\left(1+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{98}\right)\)\(-\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^{99}}\right)\)
=> \(B=1-\frac{1}{2^{99}}< 1\)