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Bài 3:
a) Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{2}{x^2+y^2}=2\left(\frac{1}{2xy}+\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}\right)\) \(\geq 2.\frac{(1+1)^2}{2xy+x^2+y^2}=\frac{8}{(x+y)^2}=8\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
b) Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}=\frac{1}{2xy}+\left (\frac{1}{2xy}+\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}\right)\geq \frac{1}{2xy}+\frac{(1+1)^2}{2xy+x^2+y^2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2xy}+\frac{4}{(x+y)^2}\)
Theo BĐT AM-GM:
\(xy\leq \frac{(x+y)^2}{4}=\frac{1}{4}\Rightarrow \frac{1}{2xy}\geq 2\)
Do đó \(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}\geq 2+4=6\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
Bài 1: Thiếu đề.
Bài 2: Sai đề, thử với \(x=\frac{1}{6}\)
Bài 4 a) Sai đề với \(x<0\)
b) Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(x^4-x+\frac{1}{2}=\left (x^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)-x+\frac{1}{4}\geq x^2-x+\frac{1}{4}=(x-\frac{1}{2})^2\geq 0\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(\left\{\begin{matrix} x^4=\frac{1}{4}\\ x=\frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) (vô lý)
Do đó dấu bằng không xảy ra , nên \(x^4-x+\frac{1}{2}>0\)
Bài 6: Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM cho $6$ số:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+ab+cd\geq 6\sqrt[6]{a^3b^3c^3d^3}=6\)
Do đó ta có đpcm
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=d=1\)
5) a) Đặt b+c-a=x;a+c-b=y;a+b-c=z thì 2a=y+z;2b=x+z;2c=x+y
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{2a}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{2b}{a+c-b}+\dfrac{2c}{a+b-c}=\dfrac{y+z}{x}+\dfrac{x+z}{y}+\dfrac{x+y}{z}=\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)+\left(\dfrac{z}{x}+\dfrac{x}{z}\right)+\left(\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{y}{z}\right)\ge6\)
Vậy ta suy ra đpcm
b) Ta có: a+b>c;b+c>a;a+c>b
Xét: \(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}>\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c+a}=\dfrac{2}{a+b+c}>\dfrac{2}{a+b+a+b}=\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)
.Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}>\dfrac{1}{b+c};\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}>\dfrac{1}{a+c}\)
Vậy ta có đpcm
6) Ta có:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+ab+cd\ge2ab+2cd+ab+cd=3\left(ab+cd\right)\)
\(ab+cd=ab+\dfrac{1}{ab}\ge2\)
Suy ra đpcm
1, Ta có: \(x+y=9\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2=81\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+2xy+y^2=81\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2=45\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2-2xy=9\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2=9\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-y=3\\x-y=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(A=x^3-y^3=\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}A=3.63=189\\A=-3.63=-189\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy...
1)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}\right)+\left(y^2-2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\right)+z^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^2+\left(y-\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2+z^2=0\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-\dfrac{1}{x}=0\Rightarrow\left|x\right|=1\\y-\dfrac{1}{y}=0\Rightarrow\left|y\right|=1\\z=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
dk\(x,y,z,a,b,c\ne0\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{x}=A\\\dfrac{b}{y}=B\\\dfrac{c}{z}=C\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow A,B,C\ne0\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}A+B+C=2\\\dfrac{1}{A}+\dfrac{1}{B}+\dfrac{1}{C}=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}A^2+B^2+C^2+2\left(AB+BC+AC\right)=4\\\dfrac{ABC}{A}+\dfrac{ABC}{B}+\dfrac{ABC}{C}=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}AB+BC+AC=0\\A^2+B^2+C^2=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left(\dfrac{a}{x}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{b}{y}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{c}{z}\right)^2=4\)
Bài 1:
Vì $x+y+z=1$ nên:
\(Q=\frac{x}{x+\sqrt{x(x+y+z)+yz}}+\frac{y}{y+\sqrt{y(x+y+z)+xz}}+\frac{z}{z+\sqrt{z(x+y+z)+xy}}\)
\(Q=\frac{x}{x+\sqrt{(x+y)(x+z)}}+\frac{y}{y+\sqrt{(y+z)(y+x)}}+\frac{z}{z+\sqrt{(z+x)(z+y)}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\(\sqrt{(x+y)(x+z)}=\sqrt{(x+y)(z+x)}\geq \sqrt{(\sqrt{xz}+\sqrt{xy})^2}=\sqrt{xz}+\sqrt{xy}\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{x}{x+\sqrt{(x+y)(x+z)}}\leq \frac{x}{x+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{xz}}=\frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự với các phân thức còn lại và cộng theo vế suy ra:
\(Q\leq \frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}+ \frac{\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}+ \frac{\sqrt{z}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}=1\)
Vậy $Q$ max bằng $1$
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}$
Bài 2:
Vì $x+y+z=1$ nên:
\(\text{VT}=\frac{1-x^2}{x(x+y+z)+yz}+\frac{1-y^2}{y(x+y+z)+xz}+\frac{1-z^2}{z(x+y+z)+xy}\)
\(\text{VT}=\frac{(x+y+z)^2-x^2}{(x+y)(x+z)}+\frac{(x+y+z)^2-y^2}{(y+z)(y+x)}+\frac{(x+y+z)^2-z^2}{(z+x)(z+y)}\)
\(\text{VT}=\frac{(y+z)[(x+y)+(x+z)]}{(x+y)(x+z)}+\frac{(x+z)[(y+z)+(y+x)]}{(y+z)(y+x)}+\frac{(x+y)[(z+x)+(z+y)]}{(z+x)(z+y)}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\text{VT}\geq \frac{2(y+z)\sqrt{(x+y)(x+z)}}{(x+y)(x+z)}+\frac{2(x+z)\sqrt{(y+z)(y+x)}}{(y+z)(y+x)}+\frac{2(x+y)\sqrt{(z+x)(z+y)}}{(z+x)(z+y)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \text{VT}\geq 2\underbrace{\left(\frac{y+z}{\sqrt{(x+y)(x+z)}}+\frac{x+z}{\sqrt{(y+z)(y+x)}}+\frac{x+y}{\sqrt{(z+x)(z+y)}}\right)}_{M}\)
Tiếp tục AM-GM cho 3 số trong ngoặc lớn, suy ra \(M\geq 3\)
Do đó: \(\text{VT}\geq 2.3=6\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $3x=3y=3z=1$
Câu 1:
\(\text{a) }\dfrac{x^2-xy}{3xy-3y^2}=\dfrac{x\left(x-y\right)}{3y\left(x-y\right)}=\dfrac{x}{3y}\)
\(\text{b) }\dfrac{2ax^2-4ax+2a}{5b-5bx^2}\\ =\dfrac{2a\left(x^2-2x+1\right)}{5b\left(1-x^2\right)}\\ =\dfrac{2a\left(x-1\right)^2}{5b\left(1-x\right)\left(1+x\right)}\\ =-\dfrac{2a\left(x-1\right)^2}{5b\left(x-1\right)\left(1+x\right)}\\ =-\dfrac{2a\left(x-1\right)}{5b\left(x+1\right)}\\ =-\dfrac{2ax-2a}{5bx+5b}\)
\(\text{c) }\dfrac{4x^2-4xy}{5x^3-5x^2y}=\dfrac{4x\left(x-y\right)}{5x^2\left(x-y\right)}=\dfrac{4}{5x}\)
\(\text{d) }\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2-z^2}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x+y-z\right)}{x+y+z}=x+y-z\)
\(\text{e) }\dfrac{x^6+2x^3y^3+y^6}{x^7-xy^6}\\ =\dfrac{\left(x^3+y^3\right)^2}{x\left(x^6-y^6\right)}\\ =\dfrac{\left(x^3+y^3\right)^2}{x\left(x^3-y^3\right)\left(x+y\right)^3}\\ =\dfrac{x^3+y^3}{x\left(x^3-y^3\right)}\\ =\dfrac{x^3+y^3}{x^4-xy^3}\)
Câu 3:
\(\text{ a) }\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2-c^2}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a+b-c\right)}{a+b+c}=a+b-c\)
\(\text{b) }\dfrac{a^2+b^2-c^2+2ab}{a^2-b^2+c^2+2ac}\\ =\dfrac{\left(a^2+2ab+b^2\right)-c^2}{\left(a^2+2ac+c^2\right)-b^2}\\ =\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2-c^2}{\left(a+c\right)^2-b^2}\\ =\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a+b-c\right)}{\left(a+c+b\right)\left(a+c-b\right)}\\ =\dfrac{a+b-c}{a-b+c}\)
\(\text{c) }\dfrac{2x^3-7x^2-12x+45}{3x^3-19x^2+33x-9}\\ =\dfrac{2x^3-x^2-6x^2+3x-15x+45}{3x^3-10x^2-9x^2+3x+30x-9}\\ =\dfrac{\left(2x^3-x^2-15x\right)-\left(6x^2-3x-45\right)}{\left(3x^3-10x^2+3x\right)-\left(9x^2-30x+9\right)}\\ =\dfrac{x\left(2x^2-x-15\right)-3\left(2x^2-x-15\right)}{x\left(3x^2-10x+3\right)-3\left(3x^2-10x+3\right)}\\ =\dfrac{\left(x-3\right)\left(2x^2-x-15\right)}{\left(x-3\right)\left(3x^2-10x+3\right)}\\ =\dfrac{\left(x-3\right)\left(2x^2-6x+5x-15\right)}{\left(x-3\right)\left(3x^2-9x-x+3\right)}\\ =\dfrac{\left(x-3\right)\left[\left(2x^2-6x\right)+\left(5x-15\right)\right]}{\left(x-3\right)\left[\left(3x^2-9x\right)-\left(x-3\right)\right]}\\ =\dfrac{\left(x-3\right)\left[x\left(x-3\right)+5\left(x-3\right)\right]}{\left(x-3\right)\left[3x\left(x-3\right)-\left(x-3\right)\right]}\\ =\dfrac{\left(x-3\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x+5\right)}{\left(x-3\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(3x-1\right)}\\ =\dfrac{x+5}{3x-1}\)
a,\(\frac{x^2+y^2-xy}{x^2-y^2}:\frac{x^3+y^3}{x^2+y^2-2xy} =\frac{x^2+y^2-xy}{(x-y)(x+y)}\frac{(x+y)^2}{(x+y) (x^2-xy+y^2)}=\frac{1}{x-y} \)
b,\(\frac{x^3y+xy^3}{x^4y}:(x^2+y^2)=\frac{xy(x^2+y^2)}{x^4y(x^2+y^2)}=\frac{1}{x^3} \)
c,\(\frac{x^2-xy}{y}:\frac{x^2-xy}{xy+y}:\frac{x^2-1}{x^2+y} =\frac{x(x-y)y(x+y)(x^2+y)}{yx(x-y)(x^2-1)} =\frac{(x^2+y)(x+y)}{x^2-1} \)
d,\(\frac{x^2+y}{y}:(\frac{z}{x^2}:\frac{xy}{x^2y})=\frac{x^2+y}{ y}:(\frac{z}{x^2}\frac{x^2y}{xy})=\frac{x^2+y}{y}\frac{z}{x} \)
a/\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{xy}{2y}=\dfrac{54}{2y}\)
\(\Rightarrow2y\cdot y=54\cdot3\Rightarrow2y^2=162\Rightarrow y^2=\dfrac{162}{2}=81\)
Mà y > 0 (gt) => \(y=\sqrt{81}=9\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{54}{9}=6\)
Vậy..............
b/ \(\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{y}{3}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{25}=\dfrac{y^2}{9}=\dfrac{x^2-y^2}{25-9}=\dfrac{4}{16}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2=\dfrac{1}{4}\cdot25=\dfrac{25}{4}\\y^2=\dfrac{1}{4}\cdot9=\dfrac{9}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\pm\sqrt{\dfrac{25}{4}}=\pm\dfrac{5}{2}\\y=\pm\sqrt{\dfrac{9}{4}}=\pm\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy.............
c/ x/2 = y/3 => x/10 = y/15
y/5 = z/7 => y/15 = z/21
=> x/10 = y/15 = z/21
Áp dụng t/c của dãy tỉ số = nhau là ra....