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TN1: Gọi \(\left(n_{Mg};n_{Al};n_{Zn}\right)=\left(a;b;c\right)\)
=> 24a + 27b + 65c = 28,6 (1)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Mg + O2 --to--> 2MgO
a--->0,5a
4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
b-->0,75b
2Zn + O2 --to--> 2ZnO
c--->0,5c
=> 0,5a + 0,75b + 0,5c = 0,5 (2)
TN2: Gọi \(\left(n_{Mg};n_{Al};n_{Zn}\right)=\left(ak;bk;ck\right)\)
=> ak + bk + ck = 0,8 (3)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
ak----------------------->ak
2Al + 6HCl -->2AlCl3 + 3H2
bk------------------------>1,5bk
Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
ck---------------------->ck
=> \(ak+1,5bk+ck=\dfrac{22,4}{22,4}=1\) (4)
(1)(2)(3)(4) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,4\\c=0,2\\k=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,2.24}{28,6}.100\%=16,783\%\\\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,4.27}{28,6}.100\%=37,762\%\\\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,2.65}{28,6}.100\%=45,455\end{matrix}\right.\)
ta co pthh
Fe3O4+4 H2 \(\rightarrow\)3Fe +4 H2O
ZnO+H2 \(\rightarrow\)Zn + H2O
Theo de bai ta co nH2= \(\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3mol\)
goi x la so mol cua H2 tham gia vao pthh 1
so mol cua H2 tham gia vao pthh 2 la 0,3-x mol
theo pthh 1 nFe3O4= \(\dfrac{1}{4}nH2=\dfrac{1}{4}x\) mol
theo pthh 2 nZnO=nH2= 0,3-x mol
theo de bai ta co
232.\(\dfrac{1}{4}x\)+ 81.(0,3-x)=19,7
\(\Leftrightarrow\)58x + 24,3 -81x = 19,7
\(\Leftrightarrow\)-23x=19,7-24,3
\(\Leftrightarrow\)-23x=-4,6
\(\Rightarrow\)x= \(\dfrac{-4,6}{-23}=0,2mol\)
\(\Rightarrow\)nFe3O4=\(\dfrac{1}{4}nH2=\dfrac{1}{4}.0,2=0,05mol\)
nZnO=nH2=0,3-0,2=0,1 mol
\(\Rightarrow\)Khoi luong moi oxit trong hh la
mFe3O4=232.0,05=11,6 g
mZnO= mhh-mFe3O4=19,7-11,6=8,1 g
Theo pthh1 nFe= \(\dfrac{3}{4}nH2=\dfrac{3}{4}.0,2=0,15mol\)
\(\Rightarrow\)mFe= 0,15.56=8,4 g
theo pthh 2 nZn=nH2= 0,1 mol
\(\Rightarrow\)mZn=0,1.65=6,5 g
a)
Gọi $n_{Fe_3O_4} = a(mol) ; n_{ZnO} = b(mol)$
Ta có : 232a + 81b = 70,7(1)
$Fe_3O_4 + 4H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 3Fe + 4H_2O$
$ZnO + H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} Zn + H_2O$
$Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2$
$Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{H_2} = 3a + b = \dfrac{20,16}{22,4} = 0,9(mol)(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,2 ; b = 0,3
%\%m_{Fe_3O_4} = \dfrac{0,2.232}{70,7}.100\% = 65,6\%$
$\%m_{ZnO} = \dfrac{0,3.81}{70,7}.100\% = 34,4\%$
b)
$n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 1,8(mol) \Rightarrow m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{1,8.36,5}{14,6\%} = 450(gam)$
$m_{dd\ B} = 0,2.3.56 + 0,3.65 + 450 - 0,9.2 = 501,3(gam)$
$C\%_{FeCl_2} = \dfrac{0,6.127}{501,3}.100\% = 15,2\%$
$C\%_{ZnCl_2} = \dfrac{0,3.136}{501,3}.100\% = 8,14\%$
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=\dfrac{40.9}{100}=3,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=9-3,6=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=\dfrac{3,6}{24}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH:
Mg + 2HCl ---> MgCl2 + H2
0,15 ------------------------> 0,15
2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,2 ---------------------------> 0,3
\(\rightarrow V_{H_2}=\left(0,15+0,3\right).22,4=10,08\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{6,48}{18}=0,36\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: FexOy + yH2 --to--> xFe + yH2O
Theo pthh: \(n_{O\left(oxit\right)}=n_{H_2\left(pư\right)}=n_{H_2O}=0,36\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow m_{oxit}=15,12+16.0,36=20,88\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{15,12}{56}=0,27\left(mol\right)\)
CTHH: FexOy
=> x : y = 0,27 : 0,36 = 3 : 4
=> CTHH: Fe3O4 (oxit sắt từ)
mMg = 40%x9 = 3,6(g) =>nMg=3,6:24 = 0,15 (mol)
=> mAl = 9-3,6 = 5,4(g) => nAl = 5,4:27 = 0,2 (mol)
pthh : 2Al+6HCl -> 2AlCl3+3H2
0,2 0,3
Mg+2HCl -> MgCl2 +H2
0,15 0,15
=> nH2 = 0,15 + 0,3 = 0,45 (mol)
=> VH2 = 0,45.22,4 = 10,08 (L)
mH2 = 0,45 . 2 = 0,9 (mol)
áp dụng BLBTKL ta có :
mH2 + moxit sắt = mFe + mH2O
=> moxit sắt = 20,7 (g)
Gọi số mol Al, Mg, Na là a, b,c (mol)
- Xét TN1:
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{17-10,2}{32}=0,2125\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
a-->0,75a
2Mg + O2 --to--> 2MgO
b--->0,5b
4Na + O2 --to--> 2Na2O
c--->0,25c
=> 0,75a + 0,5b + 0,25c = 0,2125
- Xét TN2:
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
a------------->a----->1,5a
Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
b------------->b------>b
2Na + 2HCl --> 2NaCl + H2
c-------------->c---->0,5c
nH2 = 1,5a + b + 0,5c = 0,2125.2 = 0,425 (mol)
=> V = 0,425.22,4 = 9,52 (l)
Có: \(n_{HCl}=2.n_{H_2}=0,425.2=0,85\left(mol\right)\)
Theo ĐLBTKL: mkim loại + mHCl = mmuối + mH2
=> 10,2 + 0,85.36,5 = m + 0,425.2
=> m = 40,375 (g)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}:a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}:b\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}:c\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{O2}=51,6-32,4=19,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{O2}=\frac{19,2}{32}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
TN1:
\(Mg-2e\rightarrow Mg^{+2}\)
a_____2a_____
\(O_2+2e\rightarrow O^{-2}\)
0,6___1,2____
\(3Fe-1e\rightarrow Fe^{+\frac{8}{3}}\)
b____b/3_______
\(Al-3e\rightarrow Al^{+3}\)
c_____3c______
Theo BTe
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a+\frac{b}{3}+3c=1,2\left(1\right)\\24a+56b+27c=32,4\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
TN2: Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}:ka\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}:kb\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}:kc\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có:
\(ka+kb+kc=0,9\)
\(n_{H2}=\frac{24,64}{22,4}=1,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow ka+kb+1,5kc=1,1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ka+kb+kc}{ka+kb+1,5kc}=\frac{0,9}{1,1}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b+c}{a+b+1,5c}=\frac{9}{11}\)
\(\Rightarrow2a+2b-12,5c=0\left(3\right)\)
\(\left(1\right)+\left(2\right)+\left(3\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,36\\b=0,066\\c=0,117\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\frac{0,36.24.100}{32,4}=27\%\\\%m_{Fe}=\frac{0,366.56.100}{32,4}=63\%\\\%m_{Al}=100\%-27\%-63\%=10\%\end{matrix}\right.\)