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a) $2NaOH + H_2SO_4 \to Na_2SO_4 + 2H_2O$
b)
n H2SO4 = 0,03.1 = 0,03(mol)
n NaOH = 2n H2SO4 = 0,06(mol)
=> CM NaOH = 0,06/0,05 = 1,2M
c) $H_2SO_4 + 2KOH \to K_2SO_4 + 2H_2O$
n KOH = 2n H2SO4 = 0,06(mol)
=> m KOH = 0,06.56 = 3,36 gam
=> m dd KOH = 3,36/5,6% = 60(gam)
=> V dd KOH = m/D = 60/1,045 = 57,42(ml)
\(\text{1)}m_{KOH}=40.35\%=14\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow n_{KOH}=\dfrac{14}{56}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:KOH+HCl\rightarrow KCl+H_2O\\ \text{Theo pthh}:n_{HCl}=n_{KOH}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ \rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=0,25.0,5=0,125\left(l\right)\)
\(\text{2)}n_{Al}=\dfrac{4,05}{27}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=200.14,7\%=29,4\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{29,4}{98}=0,3\\ \text{PTHH}:2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\\ \text{LTL}:\dfrac{0,15}{2}< \dfrac{0,3}{3}\rightarrow H_2SO_4\text{ dư}\)
\(\text{Theo pthh}:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2SO_4\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,15=0,225\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4\left(pư\right)}=0,225\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,15=0,075\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \rightarrow m_{dd\left(\text{sau phản ứng}\right)}=200+4,05-0,3.2=203,45\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{H_2SO_4\text{ dư}}=\dfrac{\left(0,3-0,225\right).98}{203,45}=3,61\%\\C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{342.0,075}{203,45}=12,61\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) mKOH(A)=150.5%=7,5 gam
Gọi mdd KOH 12% thêm=a gam
=>mKOH thêm=0,12a gam
tổng mKOH=0,12a+7,5 gam
mdd KOH=a+150 gam
C%dd KOH sau=(0,12a+7,5)/(a+150).100%=10%
=>a=375 gam
b)Gọi mKOH thêm=b gam
tổng mKOH sau=b+7,5 gam
mdd KOH sau=b+150 gam
C% dd KOH sau=10%
=>0,1(b+150)=b+7,5
=>b=8,3333 gam
c)Làm bay hơi=> Gọi mH2O tách ra=c gam
mdd sau=150-c gam
mKOH sau=7,5 gam
C% dd KOH sau=7,5/(150-c).100%=10%
=>c=75 gam
=>mdd KOH 10% sau=75 gam
a. PTPỨ: H2SO4 + 2NaOH \(\rightarrow\) 2H2O + Na2SO4
b. Ta có : nH2SO4 = \(\frac{1.20}{1000}\) = 0,02 mol
c. Theo phương trình: nNaOH = 2.nH2SO4 = 2.0,02 = 0,04 mol
\(\Rightarrow\) mNaOH = 0,04. 40 = 1,6(g)
d. mdd NaOH = \(\frac{1,6.100}{20}\) = 8(g)
e1. PTHH: H2SO4 + 2KOH \(\rightarrow\) K2SO4 + 2H2O
Ta có: nKOH = 2. nH2SO4 = 2. 0,02 = 0,04 mol
\(\Rightarrow\) mKOH = 0,04.56=2,24(g)
e2. mdd KOH = \(\frac{2,24.100}{5,6}\) = 40(g)
e3. Vdd KOH = \(\frac{40}{1,045}\) \(\approx\) 38,278 ml
\(a.\\ m_{KOH\left(A\right)}=150\cdot5\%=7,5g\\ m_{ddKOH12\%}=a\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow:\dfrac{7,5+12\%\cdot a}{a+150}=\dfrac{10}{100}\\ a=375\left(g\right)\)
\(b.\\ m_{NaCl\left(40^0C\right)}=1800\cdot30\%=540\left(g\right)\\ m_{H_2O\left(40^0C\right)}=1800-540=1260\left(g\right)\\ S_{20^0C}=\dfrac{540-m_{NaCl\left(kt\right)}}{1260-m_{NaCl\left(KT\right)}}=\dfrac{36}{100}\\ m_{NaCl\left(KT\right)}=135\left(g\right)\)
\(a,m_{KOH}=\dfrac{28.10}{100}=2,8\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow n_{KOH}=\dfrac{2,8}{56}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ b,C\%=\dfrac{36}{144+36}.100\%=20\%\\ c, n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,8}{40}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\ \rightarrow C_{M\left(NaOH\right)}=\dfrac{0,02}{0,08}=0,25M\)
\(a,m_{KOH}=\dfrac{28.10}{100}=2,8\left(g\right)\\ n_{KOH}=\dfrac{2,8}{56}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ C\%=\dfrac{36}{36+144}.100\%=20\%\\ C_M=\dfrac{0,8}{0,08}=10M\)
Bài 3:
Gọi x (g) là khối lượng của đ H2SO4 10%
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{150.25\%}{100\%}=37,5\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{x.10\%}{100\%}=\dfrac{x}{10}\)
\(C\%_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{37,5+\dfrac{x}{10}}{150+x}.100\%=15\%\)
\(\Rightarrow x=300\left(g\right)\)
Vậy cần trộn 300(g) dung dịch H2SO4 10% với 150 gam dung dịch H2SO425% để thu được dung dịch H2SO4 15%.
Bài 2 :
a) \(m_{ct}=\dfrac{80.15\%}{100\%}=12\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%=\dfrac{12}{20+80}.100\%=12\%0\)
b)\(m_{ct}=\dfrac{200.20\%}{100\%}+\dfrac{300.5\%}{100\%}=55\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%=\dfrac{55}{200+300}.100\%=11\%\)
c) \(m_{ct}=\dfrac{100.a\%}{100\%}+\dfrac{50.10\%}{100\%}=\dfrac{100.a\%}{100\%}+5\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%=\dfrac{\dfrac{100.a\%}{100\%}+5}{100+50}.100\%=7,5\%\)
\(\Rightarrow a\%=6,25\%\)
a, \(n_{KOH}=\dfrac{8,4}{56}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{KOH}}=\dfrac{0,15}{0,5}=0,3\left(M\right)\)
b, \(n_{KOH\left(trong300mlA\right)}=0,3.0,3=0,09\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi: VH2O = a (l)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_A}=0,2=\dfrac{0,09}{a+0,3}\Rightarrow a=0,15\left(l\right)=150\left(ml\right)\)