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\(NaHCO_3:\) Natri hidrocacbonat
\(MgCl_2:\) Magie clorua
\(CaO:\) Canxi oxit
\(N_2O_5:\) Diphotpho pentaoxit
\(HCl:\) Axit clohidric
\(HNO_3:\) Axit nitric
\(Cu\left(OH\right)_2:\) Đồng (II) hidroxit
\(NaOH:\) Natri hidroxit
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}p+e+n=52\\p=e\\p+e-n=16\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2n=36\\p=e\\p+e+n=52\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n=18\\p=e=17\end{matrix}\right.\)
1
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1
\(V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\\
m_{FeSO_4}=127.0,1=12,7\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{\text{dd}}=5,6+500-\left(0,1.2\right)=505,4\left(g\right)\\
C\%_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{12,7}{505,4}.100\%=2,513\%\)
2
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2
\(V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\\
m_{MgSO_4}=120.0,2=24\left(g\right)\\
V_{\text{dd}H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,2}{1}=0,2M\)
Bài 1.
a, PTPƯ: kẽm + axit clohidric → kẽm clorua + hidro
b, Theo ĐLBTKL ta có:
\(m_{Zn}+m_{HCl}=m_{ZnCl_2}+m_{H_2}\)
c, Ta có: \(m_{HCl}=m_{ZnCl_2}+m_{H_2}-m_{Zn}=27,2+0,4-13=14,6\left(g\right)\)
Bài 2:
a, PTPƯ: metan + oxi → cacbon dioxit + hơi nước
b, Theo ĐLBTKL ta có:
\(m_{CH_4}+m_{O_2}=m_{CO_2}+m_{H_2O}\)
c, Ta có: \(m_{O_2}=m_{CO_2}+m_{H_2O}-m_{CH_4}=132+108-48=192\left(g\right)\)
nO2 = 5,6/22,4 = 0,25 (mol)
PTHH: 2KClO3 -> (t°, MnO2) 2KCl + 3O2
nKClO3 = 0,25 : 3 . 2 = 1/6 (mol)
nKClO3 = 1/6 . 122,5 = 245/12 (g)
nMg = 2,4/24 = 0,1 (mol)
PTHH: 2Mg + O2 -> (t°) 2MgO
LTL: 0,1/2 < 0,25 => O2 dư
nMgO = 0,1 (mol)
nMgO = 0,1 . 40 = 4 (g)
nO2 = 5,6 : 22,4 = 0,25(mol)
pthh : 2KClO3 -t--> 2KCl + 3O2
1/6 <----------------0,25(mol)
=>mKClO3 = 1/6.114,5=229/12(g)
nMg=2,4:24=0,1(mol)
pthh 2Mg+O2 -t-> 2MgO
0,1--------->0,1(mol)
=> mMgO = 0,1.40=4 (g)
Câu 4:
a, \(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2P_2O_5\)
\(4K+O_2\underrightarrow{t^O}2K_2O\)
b, \(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
c, \(2K+2H_2O\rightarrow2KOH+H_2\)
\(CaO+H_2O\rightarrow Ba\left(OH\right)_2\)
\(SO_3+H_2O\rightarrow H_2SO_4\)