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\(n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{11.2}{22.4}=0.5\left(mol\right)\)
\(BTKL:\)
\(m_{Muối}=17.5+0.5\cdot98-0.5\cdot2=65.5\left(g\right)\)
Fe+H2SO4→FeSO4+H2Fe+H2SO4→FeSO4+H2
2Al+3H2SO4→Al2(SO4)3+3H22Al+3H2SO4→Al2(SO4)3+3H2
Zn+H2SO4→ZnSO4+H2Zn+H2SO4→ZnSO4+H2
nH2=11,222,4=0,5(mol)nH2=11,222,4=0,5(mol)
Theo 3PTHH trên: nH2=nH2SO4=0,5(mol)nH2=nH2SO4=0,5(mol)
a) VddH2SO4=0,50,5=1M
\(n_{HCl}=0,5a\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Zn + 2HCl ---> ZnCl2 + H2
Mg + 2HCl ---> MgCl2 + H2
Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl2 + H2
Theo các pthh: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,5a=0,25a\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2\left(pư\right)}=0,25a.80\%=0,2a\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{giảm}=m_O=40-36,8=3,2\left(g\right)\)
Bảo toàn O: \(n_{H_2\left(pư\right)}=n_O=\dfrac{3,2}{32}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow0,2a=0,1\Leftrightarrow a=2\)
a)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
0,2-->0,4----->0,2--->0,2
=> VH2 = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48 (l)
b) mHCl = 0,4.36,5 = 14,6 (g)
=> \(m_{dd.HCl}=\dfrac{14,6.100}{7,3}=200\left(g\right)\)
c)
mdd sau pư = 13 + 200 - 0,2.2 = 212,6 (g)
mZnCl2 = 0,2.136 = 27,2 (g)
=> \(C\%=\dfrac{27,2}{212,6}.100\%=12,8\%\)
PTHH : \(Fe_3O_4+4H_2\rightarrow3Fe+4H_2O\)
.............0,05........0,2.......0,15.........
Có : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe_3O_4}=0,075\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
- Theo phương pháp ba dòng .
=> Sau phản ứng H2 hết, Fe3O4 còn dư ( dư 0,025 mol )
=> \(m=m_{Fe3o4du}+m_{Fe}=14,2\left(g\right)\)
b, \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
...0,15.....0,3.........0,15..............
\(Fe_3O_4+8HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+FeCl_2+4H_2O\)
.0,025......0,2..........0,05.........0,025...................
Có : \(V=\dfrac{n}{C_M}=\dfrac{n}{1}=n_{HCl}=0,2+0,3=0,5\left(l\right)\)
Lại có : \(m_M=m_{FeCl2}+m_{FeCl3}=30,35\left(g\right)\)
Bài 1:
PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,4\cdot36,5}{14,6\%}=100\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 2:
PTHH: \(2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{KOH}=\dfrac{100\cdot11,2\%}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{150\cdot9,8\%}{98}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,15}{1}\) \(\Rightarrow\) H2SO4 còn dư, KOH p/ứ hết
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{K_2SO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{K_2SO_4}=0,1\cdot174=17,4\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,05\cdot98=4,9\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{ddKOH}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}=250\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{K_2SO_4}=\dfrac{17,4}{250}\cdot100\%=6,96\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{4,9}{250}\cdot100\%=1,96\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Câu 1 :
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
.0,05....0,1........................................
\(Zn+CuCl_2\rightarrow ZnCl_2+Cu\)
.0,2........0,2...........................0,2....
\(n_{Zn}=\frac{m}{M}=\frac{26}{65}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=C_M.V=1.0,1=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{CuCl_2}=C_M.V=0,1.2=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
-> nZn dư sau l1 = \(0,4-0,05=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
-> nZn dư sau l2 = \(0,35-0,2=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có : \(m=m_{Cu}+m_{Zn}=0,15.65+0,2.64=22,55\left(g\right)\)
Câu 2 :
- Đổi : 300 ml = 0,3 l
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=C_M.V=0,3.1=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH : \(H_2SO_4+2KOH\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
- Theo PTHH : \(n_{KOH}=2n_{H_2SO_4}=2.0,3=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có : \(C_M=\frac{n}{V}=2=\frac{0,6}{V_{KOH}}\)
=> \(V_{KOH}=\frac{0,6}{2}=0,3\left(l\right)=300\left(ml\right)\)