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\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x^2+xz-yz+y^2=2\left(1\right)\\y^2+xy-yz+z^2=0\left(2\right)\\x^2-xy-xz-z^2=2\left(3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Lấy (2) cộng (3) ta được
\(x^2+y^2-yz-zx=2\) (4)
Lấy (1) - (4) ta được
\(2x\left(x+z\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=-z\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét 2 TH rồi thay vào tìm được y và z
1. \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}6xy=5\left(x+y\right)\\3yz=2\left(y+z\right)\\7zx=10\left(z+x\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x+y}{xy}=\dfrac{6}{5}\\\dfrac{y+z}{yz}=\dfrac{3}{2}\\\dfrac{z+x}{zx}=\dfrac{7}{10}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{6}{5}\\\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{3}{2}\\\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{x}=\dfrac{7}{10}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đến đây thì dễ rồi nhé
a: \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+2y+4z=8\\2x-y+3z=6\\2x-6y+8z=7\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3y+z=2\\8y-4z=1\\x+y+2z=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>y=9/20; z=13/20; x=4-y-2z=9/4
b: \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}z=23-x-y\\z=31-y-t\\z=27-t-x\\x+y+t=33\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-x-y+23=-y-t+31\\-y-t-31=-x-t+27\\x+y+t=33\\z=23-x-y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-x+t=8\\x-y=58\\x+y+t=33\\z=23-x-y\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}t=x+8\\y=x-58\\x-58+x+8+x=33\\z=23-x-y\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>x=83/3; t=107/3; y=-91/3; z=23-83/3+91/3=77/3
Từ \(x^3+y^3+z^3=-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^3+2y^3+2z^3=-6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^3+2y^3+2z^3=-3\left(x^2y+y^2z+z^2x\right)-3\left(xy^2+yz^2+zx^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^3+3x^2y+3xy^2+y^3\right)+\left(y^3+3y^2z+3yz^2+z^3\right)+\left(z^3+3z^2x+3zx^2+x^3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^3+\left(y+z\right)^3+\left(z+x\right)^3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+y+y+z+z+x=0\\x+y=y+z=z+x\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+y+z=0\\x=y=z\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét TH \(x=y=z\), thay vào pt thứ 3 của hệ, ta có \(3x^3=-3\Leftrightarrow x=-1\) \(\Rightarrow\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(-1;-1;-1\right)\). Thử lại vào 2 pt đầu, ta thấy rõ ràng không thỏa mãn.
Xét TH \(x+y+z=0\), ta sẽ có \(x^3+y^3+z^3=3xyz\) \(\Rightarrow xyz=-1\)
Thay vào pt đầu tiên của hệ, thu được \(x^2y+y^2z+z^2x=-xyz\) \(\Leftrightarrow x^2y+y^2z+z^2x+xyz=0\). Tương tự, ta có \(xy^2+yz^2+zx^2+xyz=0\). Cộng theo vế 2 pt này, ta được \(\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)=0\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0\\y+z=0\\z+x=0\end{matrix}\right.\). Ta xét TH \(x+y=0\). Do \(x+y+z=0\) nên \(z=0\) và \(x=-y\), không thỏa mãn pt thứ 3. Tương tự với 2 trường hợp còn lại.
Vậy hpt đã cho vô nghiệm.
a) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-5x=xy\\\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{4}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-5x=xy\\\dfrac{x+y}{xy}=\dfrac{4}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-5x=xy\\5\left(x+y\right)=4xy\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-5x=xy\\5\left(x+y\right)=4\left(5y-5x\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-5x=xy\\5x+5y=20y-20x\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-5x=xy\\5x+5y-20y+20x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-5x=xy\\-15y+25x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-5x=xy\\-5\left(3y-5x\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-5x=xy\\3y-5x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-5x=xy\\5x=3y\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-3y=xy\\5x=3y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2y=xy\\5x=3y\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=\dfrac{10}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{2x-3y}+\dfrac{5}{3x+y}=\dfrac{5}{8}\\\dfrac{2}{2x-3y}-\dfrac{5}{3x+y}=\dfrac{-3}{8}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{1}{2x-3y}=a;\dfrac{1}{3x+y}=b\)
=> hpt <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+5b=\dfrac{5}{8}\\2a-5b=\dfrac{-3}{8}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+5b=\dfrac{5}{8}\\2a-5b+a+5b=\dfrac{-3}{8}+\dfrac{5}{8}=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+5b=\dfrac{5}{8}\\3a=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+5b=\dfrac{5}{8}\\a=\dfrac{1}{12}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{1}{12}\\b=\dfrac{13}{120}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{2x-3y}=\dfrac{1}{12}\\\dfrac{1}{3x+y}=\dfrac{13}{120}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-3y=12\\3x+y=\dfrac{120}{13}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{516}{143}\\y=-\dfrac{228}{143}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có hpt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}xy+3y-5x-15=xy\\2xy+30x-y^2-15y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5x=3y-15\\6\left(3y-15\right)-y^2-15y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có pt (2) \(\Leftrightarrow3y-y^2-80=0\Leftrightarrow y^2-3y+80=0\left(VN\right)\)
=> hpy vô nghiệm
c) Ta có hpt \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}xy\left(x+y\right)\left(xy+x+y\right)=30\\xy\left(x+y\right)+xy+x+y=11\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt j\(xy\left(x+y\right)=a;xy+x+y=b\), ta có hpt
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ab=30\\a+b=11\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=5;b=6\\a=6;b=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
với a=5;b=6, ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}xy\left(x+y\right)=5\\xy+x+y=6\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}xy=1;x+y=5\\xy=5;x+y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
đến đây thì thế y hoặc x ra pt bậc 2, còn TH còn lại bn tự giải nhé !
Lời giải:
HPT \(\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x(x+y+z)=2\\ y(y+z+x)=3\\ z(z+x+y)=4\end{matrix}\right.(*)\).
Dễ thấy $x+y+z\neq 0$. Khi đó ta có:
\(\frac{x}{y}=\frac{x(x+y+z)}{y(y+z+x)}=\frac{2}{3}(1)\)
\(\frac{y}{z}=\frac{y(y+z+x)}{z(z+x+y)}=\frac{3}{4}(2)\)
Từ \((1);(2)\Rightarrow \frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{3}=\frac{z}{4}\) .
Đặt \(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{3}=\frac{z}{4}=k\Rightarrow x=2k; y=3k; z=4k\)
Thay vào PT thứ nhất của $(*)$ suy ra:
\(2k(2k+3k+4k)=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 18k^2=2\Rightarrow k=\pm \frac{1}{3}\)
Nếu \(k=\frac{1}{3}\Rightarrow (x,y,z)=(2k,3k,4k)=(\frac{2}{3}; 1; \frac{4}{3})\)
Nếu \(k=\frac{-1}{3}\Rightarrow (x,y,z)=(2k,3k,4k)=(\frac{-2}{3}; -1; \frac{-4}{3})\)
PT (1) \(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)-2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2-2yz+z^2\right)+\left(z^2-2zx+x^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2=0\)
Nhận thấy VT\(\ge\)0 với mọi x,y,z
Dấu = xảy ra <=> x=y=z
Thay x=y=z vào pt (2) ta được:
\(3x^{2021}=3^{2022}\) \(\Leftrightarrow x^{2021}=3^{2021}\) \(\Leftrightarrow x=3\)
\(\Rightarrow x=y=z=3\)
Vậy (x;y;z)=(3;3;3)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}xy-2x-y=2\\yz-3y-2z=3\\xz-3x-z=13\end{matrix}\right.\)
Dễ thấy \(z=3\) không phải là nghiệm của hệ.
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x.\dfrac{3+2z}{z-3}-2x-\dfrac{3+2z}{z-3}=2\\y=\dfrac{3+2z}{z-3}\\xz-3x-z=13\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{4z-3}{9}\\y=\dfrac{3+2z}{z-3}\\z.\dfrac{4z-3}{9}-3.\dfrac{4z-3}{9}-z=13\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{4z-3}{9}\\y=\dfrac{3+2z}{z-3}\\z^2-6z-27=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{4z-3}{9}\\y=\dfrac{3+2z}{z-3}\\\left(z-9\right)\left(z+3\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}z=9\\x=\dfrac{11}{3}\\y=\dfrac{7}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) hoặc \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}z=-3\\x=-\dfrac{5}{3}\\y=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)