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Câu a)
\(\int \frac{1}{\cos^4x}dx=\int \frac{\sin ^2x+\cos^2x}{\cos^4x}dx=\int \frac{\sin ^2x}{\cos^4x}dx+\int \frac{1}{\cos^2x}dx\)
Xét \(\int \frac{1}{\cos^2x}dx=\int d(\tan x)=\tan x+c\)
Xét \(\int \frac{\sin ^2x}{\cos^4x}dx=\int \frac{\tan ^2x}{\cos^2x}dx=\int \tan^2xd(\tan x)=\frac{\tan ^3x}{3}+c\)
Vậy :
\(\int \frac{1}{\cos ^4x}dx=\frac{\tan ^3x}{3}+\tan x+c\)
\(\Rightarrow \int ^{\frac{\pi}{3}}_{\frac{\pi}{6}}\frac{dx}{\cos^4 x}=\)\(\left.\begin{matrix} \frac{\pi}{3}\\ \frac{\pi}{6}\end{matrix}\right|\left ( \frac{\tan ^3 x}{3}+\tan x+c \right )=\frac{44}{9\sqrt{3}}\)
Câu b)
\(\int \frac{(x+1)^2}{x^2+1}dx=\int \frac{x^2+1+2x}{x^2+1}dx=\int dx+\int \frac{2xdx}{x^2+1}\)
\(=x+c+\int \frac{d(x^2+1)}{x^2+1}=x+\ln (x^2+1)+c\)
Do đó:
\(\int ^{1}_{0}\frac{(x+1)^2}{x^2+1}dx=\left.\begin{matrix} 1\\ 0\end{matrix}\right|(x+\ln (x^2+1)+c)=\ln 2+1\)
Câu c)
\(\int \frac{x^2+2\ln x}{x}dx=\int xdx+2\int \frac{2\ln x}{x}dx\)
\(=\frac{x^2}{2}+c+2\int \ln xd(\ln x)\)
\(=\frac{x^2}{2}+c+\ln ^2x\)
\(\Rightarrow \int ^{2}_{1}\frac{x^2+2\ln x}{x}dx=\left.\begin{matrix} 2\\ 1\end{matrix}\right|\left ( \frac{x^2}{2}+\ln ^2x +c \right )=\frac{3}{2}+\ln ^22\)
Câu d)
\(\int^{2}_{1} \frac{x^2+3x+1}{x^2+x}dx=\int ^{2}_{1}dx+\int ^{2}_{1}\frac{2x+1}{x^2+x}dx\)
\(=\left.\begin{matrix} 2\\ 1\end{matrix}\right|x+\int ^{2}_{1}\frac{d(x^2+x)}{x^2+x}=1+\left.\begin{matrix} 2\\ 1\end{matrix}\right|\ln |x^2+x|=1+\ln 6-\ln 2\)
\(=1+\ln 3\)
a/ \(I=\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{1}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2+1\right)}dx=\dfrac{1}{2}\int\limits^1_0\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2+1}-\dfrac{1}{x^2+3}\right)dx\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(arctanx-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}arctan\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{3}}\right)|^1_0=\dfrac{\pi}{8}-\dfrac{\pi\sqrt{3}}{36}\)
b/ \(I=\int\dfrac{x^2-1}{x^4+1}dx=\int\dfrac{1-\dfrac{1}{x^2}}{x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}}dx\)
Đặt \(x+\dfrac{1}{x}=t\Rightarrow\left(1-\dfrac{1}{x^2}\right)dx=dt\) ; \(x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}=t^2-2\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\int\dfrac{dt}{t^2-2}=\int\dfrac{dt}{\left(t-\sqrt{2}\right)\left(t+\sqrt{2}\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\int\left(\dfrac{1}{t-\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{t+\sqrt{2}}\right)dt\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}ln\left|\dfrac{t-\sqrt{2}}{t+\sqrt{2}}\right|+C=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}ln\left|\dfrac{x^2-\sqrt{2}x+1}{x^2+\sqrt{2}x+1}\right|+C\)
c/ \(I=\int\dfrac{dx}{x\left(x^3+1\right)}=\int\dfrac{x^2dx}{x^3\left(x^3+1\right)}\)
Đặt \(x^3+1=t\Rightarrow3x^2dx=dt\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{1}{3}\int\dfrac{dt}{\left(t-1\right)t}=\dfrac{1}{3}\int\left(\dfrac{1}{t-1}-\dfrac{1}{t}\right)dt=\dfrac{1}{3}ln\left|\dfrac{t-1}{t}\right|+C\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{1}{3}ln\left|\dfrac{x^3}{x^3+1}\right|+C\)
d/ \(I=\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{xdx}{x^4+x^2+1}\)
Đặt \(x^2=t\Rightarrow2xdx=dt\) ; \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\Rightarrow t=0\\x=1\Rightarrow t=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(I=\dfrac{1}{2}\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{dt}{t^2+t+1}=\dfrac{1}{2}\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{dt}{\left(t+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}}=\dfrac{2}{3}\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{dt}{\dfrac{4}{3}\left(t+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+1}\)
Đặt \(t+\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}tanu\Rightarrow dt=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}.\dfrac{du}{cos^2u}\); \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}t=0\Rightarrow u=\dfrac{\pi}{6}\\t=1\Rightarrow u=\dfrac{\pi}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{2}{3}.\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\int\limits^{\dfrac{\pi}{3}}_{\dfrac{\pi}{6}}\dfrac{du}{cos^2u\left(tan^2u+1\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\int\limits^{\dfrac{\pi}{3}}_{\dfrac{\pi}{6}}du=\dfrac{\pi\sqrt{3}}{18}\)
\(I_1=3\int_1^2x^2dx+\int_1^2\cos xdx+\int_1^2\frac{dx}{x}=x^3\)\(|^2 _1\)+\(\sin x\)\(|^2_1\) +\(\ln\left|x\right|\)\(|^2_1\)
\(=\left(8-1\right)+\left(\sin2-\sin1\right)+\left(\ln2-\ln1\right)\)
\(=7+\sin2-\sin1+\ln2\)
b) \(I_2=4\int_1^2\frac{dx}{x}-5\int_1^2x^4dx+2\int_1^2\sqrt{x}dx\)
\(=4\left(\ln2-\ln1\right)-\left(2^5-1^5\right)+\frac{4}{3}\left(2\sqrt{2}-1\sqrt{1}\right)\)
\(=4\ln2+\frac{8\sqrt{2}}{3}-32\frac{1}{3}\)
Câu 1:
Ta có \(I_1=\int ^{1}_{0}\frac{4x+2}{x^2+x+1}dx=2\int ^{1}_{0}\frac{2x+1}{x^2+x+1}dx\)
\(=2\int ^{1}_{0}\frac{d(x^2+x+1)}{x^2+x+1}=2.\left.\begin{matrix} 1\\ 0\end{matrix}\right|\ln |x^2+x+1|=2\ln 3\)
Câu 2:
\(I_2=\int ^{1}_{0}\frac{4x+1}{(2-x)^4}dx=\int ^{1}_{0}\frac{4(x-2)+9}{(2-x)^4}dx\)
\(=4\int ^{1}_{0}\frac{dx}{(x-2)^3}+9\int \frac{dx}{(2-x)^4}=4\int ^{1}_{0}\frac{d(x-2)}{(x-2)^3}-9\int ^{1}_{0}\frac{d(2-x)}{(2-x)^4}\)
\(=4\int ^{-1}_{-2}\frac{dt}{t^3}-9\int ^{1}_{2}\frac{dk}{k^4}\) với \(x-2=t; 2-x=k\)
\(=4.\left.\begin{matrix} -1\\ -2\end{matrix}\right|\frac{t^{-3+1}}{-3+1}-9.\left.\begin{matrix} 1\\ 2\end{matrix}\right|\frac{k^{-4+1}}{-4+1}=\frac{9}{8}\)
Câu 3:
Phân số \(\frac{x^2+1}{(x^3+3x)^3}\) không xác định trên \([0;1]\); hàm không liên tục nên không có tích phân.
a)
Đặt \(u=\sqrt{x-3}\Rightarrow x=u^2+3\)
\(I_1=\int (2x-3)\sqrt{x-3}dx=\int (2u^2+3)ud(u^2+3)=2\int (2u^2+3)u^2du\)
\(\Leftrightarrow I_1=4\int u^4du+6\int u^2du=\frac{4u^5}{5}+2u^3+c\)
b)
\(I_2=\int \frac{xdx}{\sqrt{(x^2+1)^3}}=\frac{1}{2}\int \frac{d(x^2+1)}{\sqrt{(x^2+1)^2}}\)
Đặt \(u=\sqrt{x^2+1}\). Khi đó:
\(I_2=\frac{1}{2}\int \frac{d(u^2)}{u^3}=\int \frac{udu}{u^3}=\int \frac{du}{u^2}=\frac{-1}{u}+c\)
c)
\(I_3=\int \frac{e^xdx}{e^x+e^{-x}}=\int \frac{e^{2x}dx}{e^{2x}+1}=\frac{1}{2}\int\frac{d(e^{2x}+1)}{e^{2x}+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow I_3=\frac{1}{3}\ln |e^{2x}+1|+c=\frac{1}{2}\ln|u|+c\)
d)
\(I_4=\int \frac{dx}{\sin x-\sin a}=\int \frac{dx}{2\cos \left ( \frac{x+a}{2} \right )\sin \left ( \frac{x-a}{2} \right )}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow I_4=\frac{1}{\cos a}\int \frac{\cos \left ( \frac{x+a}{2}-\frac{x-a}{2} \right )dx}{2\cos \left ( \frac{x+a}{2} \right )\sin \left ( \frac{x-a}{2} \right )}=\frac{1}{\cos a}\int \frac{\cos \left ( \frac{x-a}{2} \right )dx}{2\sin \left ( \frac{x-a}{2} \right )}+\frac{1}{\cos a}\int \frac{\sin \left ( \frac{x+a}{2} \right )dx}{2\cos \left ( \frac{x+a}{2} \right )}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow I_4=\frac{1}{\cos a}\left ( \ln |\sin \frac{x-a}{2}|-\ln |\cos \frac{x+a}{2}| \right )+c\)
e)
Đặt \(t=\sqrt{x}\Rightarrow x=t^2\)
\(I_5=\int t\sin td(t^2)=2\int t^2\sin tdt\)
Đặt \(\left\{\begin{matrix} u=t^2\\ dv=\sin tdt\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} du=2tdt\\ v=-\cos t\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I_5=-2t^2\cos t+4\int t\cos tdt\)
Tiếp tục nguyên hàm từng phần \(\Rightarrow \int t\cos tdt=t\sin t+\cos t+c\)
\(\Rightarrow I_5=-2t^2\cos t+4t\sin t+4\cos t+c\)
Biến đổi: ʃ\(\int\dfrac{1dx}{cosx\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\left(cosx-sinx\right)}=\int\dfrac{\sqrt{2}dx}{cos^2x\left(1-tanx\right)}=\int\dfrac{\sqrt{2}d\left(tanx\right)}{1-tanx}=-\sqrt{2}\ln trituyetdoi\left(1-tanx\right)\)
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Luyện Thi THPT Quốc Gia miễn phí 100%
\(2I=\int\limits^4_0\left(e^x\sqrt{2x+1}+\dfrac{e^x}{\sqrt{2x+1}}\right)dx=\int\limits^4_0e^x\sqrt{2x+1}dx+\int\limits^4_0\dfrac{e^x}{\sqrt{2x+1}}dx=I_1+I_2\)
Xét \(I_1=\int\limits^4_0e^x\sqrt{2x+1}dx\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=\sqrt{2x+1}\\dv=e^xdx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2x+1}}dx\\v=e^x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I_1=e^x.\sqrt{2x+1}|^4_0-\int\limits^4_0\dfrac{e^x}{\sqrt{2x+1}}dx=3e^4-1-I_2\)
Do đó:
\(2I=3e^4-1-I_2+I_2=3e^4-1\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{3}{2}e^4-\dfrac{1}{2}\Rightarrow a=\dfrac{3}{2};b=4;c=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Thanks bạn nhiều