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\(3\int\limits^1_0\left[f'\left(x\right).f^2\left(x\right)+\frac{1}{9}\right]dx\le2\int\limits^1_0\sqrt{f'\left(x\right)}f\left(x\right)dx\) (1)
Ta lại có:
\(3f'\left(x\right).f^2\left(x\right)+\frac{1}{3}\ge2\sqrt{f'\left(x\right)}.f\left(x\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3\int\limits^1_0\left[f'\left(x\right).f^2\left(x\right)+\frac{1}{9}\right]\ge2\int\limits^1_0\sqrt{f'\left(x\right)}.f\left(x\right)dx\) (2)
Từ (1); (2) \(\Rightarrow3\int\limits^1_0\left[f'\left(x\right).f^2\left(x\right)+\frac{1}{9}\right]dx=2\int\limits^1_0\sqrt{f'\left(x\right)}.f\left(x\right)dx\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi:
\(3f'\left(x\right).f^2\left(x\right)=\frac{1}{3}\Rightarrow3\int f'\left(x\right).f^2\left(x\right)dx=\int\frac{1}{3}dx\)
\(\Rightarrow f^3\left(x\right)=\frac{x}{3}+C\)
Thay \(x=0\Rightarrow f^3\left(0\right)=C\Rightarrow C=1\)
\(\Rightarrow f^3\left(x\right)=\frac{x}{3}+1\Rightarrow\int\limits^1_0f^3\left(x\right)dx=\int\limits^1_0\left(\frac{x}{3}+1\right)dx=\frac{7}{6}\)
\(I_1=3\int_1^2x^2dx+\int_1^2\cos xdx+\int_1^2\frac{dx}{x}=x^3\)\(|^2 _1\)+\(\sin x\)\(|^2_1\) +\(\ln\left|x\right|\)\(|^2_1\)
\(=\left(8-1\right)+\left(\sin2-\sin1\right)+\left(\ln2-\ln1\right)\)
\(=7+\sin2-\sin1+\ln2\)
b) \(I_2=4\int_1^2\frac{dx}{x}-5\int_1^2x^4dx+2\int_1^2\sqrt{x}dx\)
\(=4\left(\ln2-\ln1\right)-\left(2^5-1^5\right)+\frac{4}{3}\left(2\sqrt{2}-1\sqrt{1}\right)\)
\(=4\ln2+\frac{8\sqrt{2}}{3}-32\frac{1}{3}\)
Câu 1)
Đặt \(\left\{\begin{matrix} u=\ln ^2x\\ dv=\frac{1}{x^2}dx\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} du=\frac{2\ln x}{x}\\ v=\frac{-1}{x}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\int \left ( \frac{\ln}{x} \right )^2dx=\frac{-\ln^2x}{x}+2\int \frac{\ln x}{x^2}dx\)
Đặt \(\left\{\begin{matrix} t=\ln x\\ dk=\frac{1}{x^2}dx\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} dt=\frac{1}{x}dx\\ k=-\frac{1}{x}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \int \frac{\ln x}{x^2}dx=-\frac{\ln x}{x}+\int \frac{1}{x^2}dx=\frac{-\ln x}{x}-\frac{1}{x}\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\left.\begin{matrix} e\\ 1\end{matrix}\right|\left(\frac{-\ln^2 x}{x}-\frac{2\ln x}{x}-\frac{2}{x}\right)=2-\frac{5}{e}\)
Câu 2)
\(I=\int ^{\frac{\pi}{4}}_{0}\frac{x}{1+\cos 2x}dx=\frac{1}{2}\int ^{\frac{\pi}{4}}_{0}\frac{x}{\cos^2x}dx\)
Đặt \(\left\{\begin{matrix} u=x\\ dv=\frac{dx}{\cos^2x}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} du=dx\\ v=\tan x\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow I=\left.\begin{matrix} \frac{\pi}{4}\\ 0\end{matrix}\right|\frac{x\tan x}{2}-\frac{1}{2}\int^{\frac{\pi}{4}}_{0} \tan xdx\)
\(=\frac{\pi}{8}+\frac{1}{2}\int ^{\frac{\pi}{4}}_{0}\frac{d(\cos x)}{\cos x}=\frac{\pi}{8}+\left.\begin{matrix} \frac{\pi}{4}\\ 0\end{matrix}\right|\frac{\ln |\cos x|}{2}=\frac{\pi}{8}+\frac{\ln\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}}{2}\)
Câu 1:
Ta có \(I_1=\int ^{1}_{0}\frac{4x+2}{x^2+x+1}dx=2\int ^{1}_{0}\frac{2x+1}{x^2+x+1}dx\)
\(=2\int ^{1}_{0}\frac{d(x^2+x+1)}{x^2+x+1}=2.\left.\begin{matrix} 1\\ 0\end{matrix}\right|\ln |x^2+x+1|=2\ln 3\)
Câu 2:
\(I_2=\int ^{1}_{0}\frac{4x+1}{(2-x)^4}dx=\int ^{1}_{0}\frac{4(x-2)+9}{(2-x)^4}dx\)
\(=4\int ^{1}_{0}\frac{dx}{(x-2)^3}+9\int \frac{dx}{(2-x)^4}=4\int ^{1}_{0}\frac{d(x-2)}{(x-2)^3}-9\int ^{1}_{0}\frac{d(2-x)}{(2-x)^4}\)
\(=4\int ^{-1}_{-2}\frac{dt}{t^3}-9\int ^{1}_{2}\frac{dk}{k^4}\) với \(x-2=t; 2-x=k\)
\(=4.\left.\begin{matrix} -1\\ -2\end{matrix}\right|\frac{t^{-3+1}}{-3+1}-9.\left.\begin{matrix} 1\\ 2\end{matrix}\right|\frac{k^{-4+1}}{-4+1}=\frac{9}{8}\)
Câu 3:
Phân số \(\frac{x^2+1}{(x^3+3x)^3}\) không xác định trên \([0;1]\); hàm không liên tục nên không có tích phân.
Đặt \(x=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}sint\Rightarrow dx=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}cost.dt\) ; \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\Rightarrow t=0\\x=\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow t=\frac{\pi}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\int\limits^{\frac{1}{2}}_0f\left(\sqrt{1-2x^2}\right)dx=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\int\limits^{\frac{\pi}{4}}_0f\left(cost\right).costdt=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\int\limits^{\frac{\pi}{4}}_0f\left(cosx\right)cosxdx=\frac{7}{6}\)
\(\Rightarrow J=\int\limits^{\frac{\pi}{4}}_0f\left(cosx\right).cosx.dx=\frac{7\sqrt{2}}{6}\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=f\left(cosx\right)\\dv=cosx.dx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=-sinx.f'\left(cosx\right)dx\\v=sinx\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow J=sinx.f\left(cosx\right)|^{\frac{\pi}{4}}_0+\int\limits^{\frac{\pi}{4}}_0f'\left(cosx\right)sin^2x.dx=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}+I\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\frac{7\sqrt{2}}{6}-\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}=\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{3}\)