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Refer
Write your answers in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.
1. Where can you find the batch number on your jars?
Answer: on the bottom
2. How much will you receive for an opened jar of contaminated chicken curry?
Answer: $5
3. If you have eaten chicken curry from a jar with one of the batch numbers listed, whom should you contact?
Answer: Retailing Manager
4. What information do they ask you to provide about the jar of chicken curry you ate?
Answer: place of purchase
5. What is the maximum reward Fancy Foods is offering for information about who contaminated the product?
Answer: $50,000
Nowadays in the news you can read a lot about biotechnology and the controversies about it and perhaps you ask yourself what it is exactly. Well, this article is going to give you a brief history of the field of biotechnology and show you that, although the word “biotechnology” was first used in 1919, we have been using biotechnology for many thousands of years in ways that are completely uncontroversial. It will also look at the more modern developments which have started intense debate. When you are drinking a cold beer on a hot day, or eating a delicious cheese sandwich, you can thank biotechnology for the pleasure you are experiencing. That’s right! Beer, bread and cheese are all produced using biotechnology. Perhaps a definition will be useful to understand how. A standard definition is that biotechnology (or biotech for short) is the application of science and engineering to the direct or indirect use of living organisms. And as you know, the food and drink above are all produced by the fermentation of micro-organisms. In beer, the yeast multiplies as it eats the sugars in the mixture and turns them into alcohol and CO2. This ancient technique was first used in Egypt to make bread and wine around 4000BC! Antibiotics are used to prevent and treat diseases, especially those caused by bacteria. They are natural substances that are created by bacteria and fungi. The first antibiotic was made in China in about 500BC – to cure boils. In 1928 Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin and it was considered a medical miracle. Modern research is looking at the creation of super-antibodies which can kill bacteria and viruses inside the cells that house them. Our modern consumer society produces a lot of waste which needs to be disposed of safely and without harmful end products. Environmental biotechnology can help. Indeed, the use of bacteria to treat sewage was first practiced in 1914 in Manchester, England. Vermiculture or using worms to treat waste is another environmentally-friendly practice and the end product is a natural fertiliser. Bacteria have even been developed to help with problems such as oil spills. They convert crude oil and gasoline into non-toxic substances such as carbon dioxide, water and oxygen and help create a cleaner, healthier environment. These examples of biotechnology are accepted by most people. However, the discovery of the DNA structure by Watson and Crick in 1953 was the beginning of the modern era of genetics and the following areas of biotech are very controversial. Read on… The genetic modification of plants and crops has been in practice for many years. This involves changing the genetic code of these plants so that they are more resistant to bad conditions like drought, floods and frost. Supporters of GM food say that it can offer the consumer better quality, safety and taste and for over a decade Americans have been eating GM food. However, things are very different in Europe where genetically modified food is very strictly regulated and regarded with deep suspicion by the public. GM food has even been called “Frankenfood” in the press, a term inspired by the novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley. There is a great cultural divide between America and Europe over whether such food is safe to eat and will not harm the environment and the discussion is still in progress. 1997 saw the birth of Dolly the sheep, the first animal cloned from an adult cell. This was a remarkable achievement which created world-wide debate on the ethical issues surrounding cloning. International organisations such as the European parliament, UNESCO and WHO all declared that human cloning is both morally and legally wrong. However, we need to make a distinction between reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. Nowadays the idea of reproductive cloning – creating a copy of another person - is no longer interesting for researchers. Instead therapeutic cloning is creating excitement in the biotech world. Key to this technique is stem cells, which are master cells that have the potential to become any other kind of cell in the body e.g. nerve cells, blood, heart muscle or even brain cells. Stem cells themselves have generated a lot of controversy as it was believed that only human embryos could provide them. However, it now appears that adult stem cells offer the same possibility. This would mean that a patient who suffered a heart attack could provide doctors with his adult stem cells which could then be implanted back into his heart and used to create heart muscle, replacing the muscle that was damaged. As the genetic code is identical, there would be no problem of the body rejecting the implant as, unfortunately, happens with organ transplants. In the future, biotechnologists hope that stem cells could be used to grow entire organs. In this way biotechnology offers the hope of revolutionising medical treatment. In this brief overview of the history of biotechnology we have jumped from making bread to making human organs - an enormous leap- and it is clear that these modern practices raise many controversial issues. However, despite the debate, we can imagine that as biotechnology has been around for many years, it will still be around for some time to come - but who knows where it will take us?
Questions:
After reading, choose the best answer for the following questions
1. What is the main topic of the article?
Brief history and modern developments of biotechnology
Benefit of biotechnology
Modern research in biotechnology
2. What does the pronoun "IT" in the first paragraph refer to?
Biotechnology
The article
The word "Biotechnology"
3. Which products were first made with fermentation of micro-organisms?
Beer, bread and cheese
Bread and wine
Beer and cheese
Decide whether the statement below is True or False.
4. Alexander Fleming discovered super-antibodies which can kill bacteria and viruses inside the cells that house them.
TrueFalse
5. GM food is easily available in the U.S. and Europe.
TrueFalse
6.Researchers believe that adult stem cells could be used to create body parts.
TrueFalse
I have a briefcase full of papers which describes cases Sherlock Holmes has investigated. Some are failures since there were some final explanations for the mysteries in question. A problem without a solution may interest the specialist but will offer little to the general reader. Among these unfinished stories is that of the yacht Alicia, Which one morning sailed into the mist and disappeared forever, the vessel along the crew were never seen again. Then there was the case of the well-known journalist Luigi Persano, Who found completely mad with a jar in front of him. A jar contained a remarkable worm, unknown by science up to that point. Apart from these mysterious cases to which various influence people would rather not see on print and those which might affect the reputation of Homes himself, for whom I have more respect than for any man alive.
On April Fools' Day, people in many countries play tricks on each other. Usually, the tricks (1) ___ involve _ making friends believe something ridiculous. On this day you could, for example, tell a friend there is a huge spider on their shoulder. If they believe you, you have succeeded (2) ___ in ___ fooling them, and even if you only trick them for a second, you have (3) __ the __ right to shout "April Fool!" This day, 1st April, is also known as All Fools’ Day. In some countries, such as Ireland or Cyprus, you can only try to fool someone before twelve noon. If you do play tricks after midday, you will become the fool (4) _instead _____. So it is advisable for you to do that in the morning. (5)___Whatever ___ you do for, all you want is fun rather than do harm to others. And if you don’t want to be foolish, be sensitive! But how did this (6) __tradition ___ begin? Some say April Fools’ Day originated in France when that country adopted the new Gregorian calendar. In the previous calendar, New Year was celebrated (7) ___from __ 25th March until 1st April, not on 1st January, as in the Gregorian calendar. Some people refused to (8) __follow ___ the new calendar, and continued to celebrate the New Year in spring. Other people made fun of them and laughed at them (9) __because ___ they were old-fashioned and didn't want to change. Now April Fools' Day has become a global tradition, and no one is safe! People play tricks on anyone, not just on (10) __those____ who don't want to change with the times.
1 the bottom
2. 5
3 Customer Relations Manager
4. Place of purchase <<THAM KHẢO TỪ VỰNG>>
5. 50000
Important Notice: Product Return
Fancy Foods wishes to inform the public that pieces of metal have been found in some jars of Fancy Foods Chicken Curry (spicy). The batches of the jars involved have some numbers from J6617 to J6624. The batch number is printed on the bottom of each jar.
If you have any jars with these batch numbers, please return them (preferably unopened) to the supermarket where you purchased them. You can also return them to the factory (Fancy Foods Retailers, Blacktown). Fancy Foods will pay 10 for each jar returned unopened and 5 for each jar already opened.
No payment will be made for empty jars, which do not need to be returned. However, the company’s retailing manager will be interested to hear from people who have consumed chicken curry from any of the above batch numbers. In particular, it will be helpful if they can give information about the place of purchase of the product.
Jars of Fancy Foods Chicken Curry (Coconut) and Fancy Foods Chicken Curry (Mango) have not been affected and do not need to be returned.
Reward
Fancy Foods will pay a reward of 10000 to 50000 for information which leads to the conviction of any person found guilty of placing metal pieces in its products. If you have such information please contact the Customer Relations Manager, Fancy Foods Retailers, Blacktown.
NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER answer the following questions.
Write your answers in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.
1. Where can you find the batch number on your jars?
You can find it on the bottom of each jar.
2. How much will you receive for an opened jar of contaminated chicken curry?
You will receive 5.
3. If you have eaten chicken curry from a jar with one of the batch numbers listed, whom should you contact?
You should contact the Customer Relations Manager, Fancy Foods Retailers, Blacktown.
4. What information do they ask you to provide about the jar of chicken curry you ate?
Information about the place of purchase of the product.
5. What is the maximum reward Fancy Foods is offering for information about who contaminated the product?
The maximum reward is a reward of 50000.