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cau1 : choose the best answer :
1 .............. it was raining heavily he went out without a raincoat
a in spite b in spite of c however d although
2 ............. of the committee , i’d like to thank you for your generous donation .
a according b on behalf c together d in addition
3 ................. he was not feeling very well , mr. graham went to visit his aunt as usual .
a although b however c therefore d still
4 ............. he had no money for a bus , he had to walk all the way home .
a for b thus c so d as
5 ............... to an accident in the high street , traffic is moving very slowly on the london road
a through b owing c because d since
6 of course i’m a christian ................. i expect everyone who works here to be a christian too
a since b then c and d but
7 the ...................... the disaster was angine failure , not human error
a reason by b reason on c reason why d reason for
8 we have to start early ................. we will not be late
a so that b that c because d because of
9 she came in quietly .................. not to wake the baby
a as if b so as c such as d if so
10 he was offered the job ...................... his qualifications were poor
a despite b in spite of c even though d whereas
Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentences printed before it.
1. This is his first visit to England.
-> He is visiting England for the first time
2. I think it may rain.
-> It looks as if it is going to rain
3. He will come because he wants to be sure of meeting you.
-> He will come so as to be sure of meeting you
4. Walking in the rain gives him pleasure.
-> He enjoys walking in the rain
5. Most of a child's life is spent in playing.
-> A child spends most of his childhood playing
6. The fox was unsuccessful in reaching the grapes.
-> The fox tried in vain to reach the grapes.
7. His briefcase was too full for the zip fastener to close properly.
-> His briefcase was so full that the zip fastener didn't close properly.
8. People say that he beats his wife.
-> It is said that he beats his wife.
9. He appears to be running away from your fierce dog.
-> It looks like he's running away from your fierce dog.
10. He got down to writing the letter as soon as he turned from his walk.
-> No sooner had he returned from his walk than he got down to writing the letter
1. This is his first visit to England.
-> He is visitting England for the first time
2. I think it may rain
->It looks as if it's going to rain
3.He will come because he wants to be sure of meeting you
->He will come so as to be sure of meeting you.
4.Walking in the rain gives him pleasure
-> He enjoys walking in the rain
5. Most of a child's life is spent on playing
-> A chils spents her/his life playing
6.The fox was unsucessful in reaching the grapes
-> The fox tried in vain to reach the grapes
7.His briefcase was too full for the zip fastener to close properly
->His briefcase was so full that the zip fastener didn't close properly
8.People say that he beats his wife
->It is said that he beats his wife
9. He appears to be running away from your fierce dog
->It looks as if he's running away from your fierce dog
10.He got down to writing the letter as soon as he returned from his walk
=> No sooner had he returned from his walk than he got down to writing the letter.
1. Mary doesn’t go to school because she is ill
=>Because of her illness ,Mary doesn’t go to school.
2. Our guests arrived late because of the heavy rain
=>Because it rained heavily, Our guests arrived late.
3. Because of my friend’s absence, I have to copy the lesson for him
=>Because my friend is absent .I have to copy the lesson for him
4. This boy is ignorant because he is lazy
=>Because of his laziness,This boy is ignorant.
5. My friend was absent because of his illness
=>Because my friend was ill,he was absent .
6. As he has behaved badly, he must be punished
=>Because of his bad behaivior,he must be punished.
7. Although he had a good salary, he was unhappy in his job
=>In spite of having a good salary,he was unhappy in his job.
8. We went out in spite of the rain
=>Although it rained,we went out.
9. Though he was poor, he wasn’t always unhappy
=>Despite being poor.he wasn’t always unhappy
10. The little boy crossed the street although the traffic was heavy
=>In spite of heavy traffic,The little boy crossed the street.
11. She decided to accept the job although the salary was low
=>Despite low salary,She decided to accept the job.
12. Although he had a bad cold, William still went to work
=>In spite of having a bad cold,William still went to work
13. Life is short, yet we still waste a lot of time
=>Though life is short,we still waste a lot of time.
14. In spite of all my careful plans, a lot of things went wrong
=>Although my plans were careful,a lot of things went wrong...
15. In spite of his age, Mr. Bensons runs seven miles before breakfast
=>Although Mr.benson is ols,he runs seven miles before breakfast
16. In spite of the bad weather, the pilot will bring the plane down safely
=>Though the weather is bad,the pilot will bring the plane down safely
17. Cars cause pollution but people still want them
=>Although Cars cause pollution , people still want them
18. Although his leg was broken, he managed to get out of the car
=>In spite of his broken leg,he managed to get out of the car
19. They got wet to the skin because of heavy rain
=>It rained heavily so They got wet to the skin
20. Not having enough money, I didn’t buy the computer
=>Because I don't have enough money, I didn’t buy the computer
21. The joke was funny, but no one laughed
=>Although The joke was funny,no one laughed
22. The café was crowded, but we found a table
=>Although The café was crowded, we found a table
23. Since he was careless, Tim lost his job
=>Because of his careless ness, Tim lost his job
24. She was seriously ill but she enjoyed life very much
=>Although She was seriously ill , she enjoyed life very much
25. He crashed his car although he drove carefully
=>Despite driving carefully, He crashed his car
26. Although the weather was very hot, they continued playing football
=>In spite of hot weather,they continued playing football
1. I’m having a lot of trouble now because I lost my passport last week
=> If I hadn't lost my passport last week, i wouldn't have a lot of trouble now. (CĐK kết hợp loại 2 và 3, có xuất hiện trạng từ chỉ thời gian).
2. She had hardly begun to speak before people strarted interrupting her
=> Hardly had she began to speak when people started interrupting her.
3. “ You should have waited for us,” the team leader said to Jonh
=>The team leader criticised John for not waiting for them.
4. I only made the tirrible mistake because I wasn’t thinking
=> If I had been thinking, i wouldn't have made the terrible mistake.
5. When the police caught him, he was climbing over the garden wall
=> The police caught him when he was climbing over the garden wall.
6. It was a bit difficult to get into work this morning.
-> Getting into work in the morning was a bit difficult.
7. It’s possible that he didn’t get my letter
=> He might not have got my letter.
8. We had planned to visit grandmother, so we left carly in the morning
=> We were about to visit grandmother, so we left early in the morning.
9. It’s sad, but unemmployment is unlikely to go down this year
=> Sad as it is, unemployment is unlikely to go down this year.
10. We regret to imform you that your application has not been successful
=> Much to our regret, your application has not been successful.
1. We decided to go out for a meal _____because_______ we had no food at home.
2. He has a very important job ___so_________ he is parularly well-paid.
3. Can I borrow that book _____when _______ you’ve finished it?
4. You can drive a car _____if_______ you've got a license.
5. No one was watching the television _____so_______ I switched the television off.
6. ______Because______ she changed a lot, we didn't recognize her.
7. ______Unless______ you're ready, we can start now.
8. I'm going away for a few days. I’ll phone you _____when _______ I get back.
9. You should inform the police ____if________ your bicycle is stolen.
10. Matthew went to bed ______because______ it was too late to go out
1. He couldn’t meet you because of being busy
...He couldn’t meet you because he was busy .............................................................................................
2. Nobody can do this test because of its difficulty
.........Nobody can do this test because it 's difficult........................................................................
3. She went to bed early because of her sickness
....... She went to bed early because she was sick...........................
4. Two cars can't pass each other because the road is narrow
..........Two cars can't pass each other because of the narrow road.............................................................
5. We spent the whole day in the garden because the weather is lovely.
..............We spent the whole day in the garden because of the lovely wheather ...............................
6. We can’t swim in this part of the river because the water is highly polluted.
.........We can’t swim in this part of the river because of the fact that the water is highly polluted........................................
Rewrite the sentences so as to have the same meaning.
1. We could not have succeeded without my father’s money.
=>If it hadn't been for my father's money, we could not have succeeded.
2. One runner was too exhausted to complete the last lap of the race.
=>One runner was so exhausted that he couldn't complete the last lap of the race.
3. Even though his legs were broken, he managed to get out of the burn.
=> In spite of his broken legs, he managed to get out of the burn.
4. The room was so small that we couldn’t live in it together.
=> It was such a small room that we couldn't live in it together.
5. Mark may not be very well but he still manages to enjoy life.
=>Mark’s poor health doesn't prevent him from enjoying life.
6. The guest didn’t tell us why he had behaved so strangely at the ceremony.
=>The reason why he had behaved so strangely at the ceremony was unknown.
7. Keeping calm is the secret of passing your driving test.
=> As long as you keep calm, you will pass your driving test.
8. We left quietly so that we would not disturb the children.
=>So as not to disturb the children, we left quietly.
9. The robber wore dark glasses so that no one would recognize him.
=>The robber avoided......................................................................................................
I've just been to see a film called Touching the Void. It's about two climbers who decided to go climbing in the mountains in Peru. It took them two days to reach the mountain they had been decided to climb because it was in such a remote place. They left a companion and the most of their supplies at a base camp, optimisstically thinking about they would be back in a couple of days. After a difficult climb, they reached at the top of the mountain. It was then that everything started to go wrong. Because of one climber had broken his leg, he had to be lowered down the mountain by means of a rope. His leg it was so much painful that he couldn't stand on it. After a very exciting bit of the film, which I won't describe, he found by himself alone at the bottom of a crevasse. He managed to climb out and eventually crawl to safety. The cold was so intense that he got frostbite in his hands, but he was carried on, dragging himself down a glacer and accross rocks. When he arrived at the base camp, his friends were too amazed to see him. They couldn't believe that in despite his broken leg, he had managed to reach the camp.
8 Although he had a headache, he enjoyed the film
9 As soon as he ran away from the bank, the police caught hi,
10 As it was getting dark, we decided to go home
11 He put the ladder against the wall so that he coudl climb to the roof
12 He was late because he got stuck in the rush hour