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1) Có nhận xét sau:
\(\frac{1}{a\sqrt{a+1}+\left(a+1\right)\sqrt{a}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2+a}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{a+1}\right)}=\frac{\sqrt{a+1}-\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a^2+a}}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{a+1}}.\)Do đó biểu thức có giá trị bằng: \(\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+..-\frac{1}{\sqrt{1999}}=1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{1999}}.\)
2) Có nhận xét sau:
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{a+1}}=\frac{\sqrt{a+1}-\sqrt{a}}{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{a+1}\right)\left(\sqrt{a+1}-\sqrt{a}\right)}=\sqrt{a+1}-\sqrt{a}.\) Thay vào biểu thức ta được biểu thức
có giá trị bằng: \(\sqrt{2}-1+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+...+\sqrt{1999}-\sqrt{1998}=\sqrt{1999}-1.\)
a) \(\sqrt{17}-4\) b) \(\sqrt{3}\) c) \(\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\) d)\(\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-1}\) e) \(x-\sqrt{5}\)
f) \(4+2\sqrt{3}\) g) \(3+2\sqrt{2}\) h) \(x+\sqrt{x}+1\) i) \(\frac{3\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{15}}{10}\)
k) \(\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{6}\) i) 5 h) 0 l) \(\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{3}\) m) \(\frac{20\sqrt{3}}{3}\) d) 0
a) \(\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{3}-\frac{1}{4}\sqrt{18}+\frac{2}{5}\sqrt{2}-\frac{1}{4}\sqrt{12}\)
\(=\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{3}-\frac{1}{4}\sqrt{2\times3^2}+\frac{2}{5}\sqrt{2}-\frac{1}{4}\sqrt{3\times2^2}\)
\(=\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{3}-\frac{3}{4}\sqrt{2}+\frac{2}{5}\sqrt{2}-\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{3}\)
\(=\frac{1}{6}\sqrt{3}-\frac{7}{20}\sqrt{2}=\frac{10\sqrt{3}-21\sqrt{2}}{60}\)
b) \(\left(\sqrt{10}+\sqrt{2}\right)\left(6-2\sqrt{5}\right)\sqrt{3+\sqrt{5}}\)
\(=\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{5}+1\right)\left(5-2\sqrt{5}\times1+1\right)\sqrt{3+\sqrt{5}}\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{5}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)^2\sqrt{6+2\sqrt{5}}\)
\(=4\left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)\sqrt{5+2\sqrt{5}\times1+1}\)
\(=4\left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{5}+1\right)^2}=4\left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{5}+1\right)\)
\(=4^2=16\)
Bài 1:
Có: \(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\sqrt{n}}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
\(=\left(1+\frac{\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)< 2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
Có: \(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{4\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}\)
xong bn áp dụng lên trên lm tiếp
Bài 3:
theo bđt cô si ta có:
\(\sqrt{\frac{b+c}{a}\cdot1}\le\left(\frac{b+c}{a}+1\right):2=\frac{b+c+a}{2a}\)
=> \(\sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c}}\ge\frac{2a}{a+b+c}\) (1)
Tương tự ta có :
\(\sqrt{\frac{b}{a+c}}\ge\frac{2b}{a+b+c}\) (2)
\(\sqrt{\frac{c}{a+b}}\ge\frac{2c}{a+b+c}\) (3)
Cộng vế vs vế (1)(2)(3) ta có:
\(\sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{a+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{a+b}}\ge\frac{2a+2b+2c}{a+b+c}=2\)
D = \(\frac{1-\sqrt{2}}{1-2}\)+\(\frac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}{2-3}\)+\(\frac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{4}}{3-4}\)+...+\(\frac{\sqrt{1999}-\sqrt{2000}}{1999-2000}\) (liên hợp)
= -1 +\(\sqrt{2}\) -\(\sqrt{2}\) +\(\sqrt{3}\) -\(\sqrt{3}\) +\(\sqrt{4}\) -... -\(\sqrt{1999}\) +\(\sqrt{2000}\)
= \(\sqrt{2000}\)-1