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Exercise 1: Choose the correct answers.
1. He got wet he forgot his umbrella.
A. because of B. because C. but D. and
2. He stops working heavy raining.
A. in spite of B. although C. despite D. because of
3. They have a lot of difficulties in their life their poverty.
A. in spite of B. although C. because D. because of
4. Jill and Jolly were happy it was their both birthday party that day.
A. because B. even though C. spite of D. Despite
5. Nobody could hear her she spoke too quietly.
A. although B. because C. because of D. in spite of
6. We decided to leave early the party was boring.
A. although B. despite C. because D. because of
7. We all feel sad the bad news
A. because B. because of C. though D. despite
8. John lost his job his laziness.
A. because of B. because C. in spite of D. though
9. We can't go to Julia's party we're going away that weekend.
A. because B. because of C. although D. in spite of
10. Nam was absent from class yesterday he felt sick.
A. so B. because C. although D. but
Exercise 2: Choose the correct answers.
1. The boy can’t reach the shelf he’s not tall enough.
A. because B. although C. even though D. and
2. She couldn’t unlock it she had the wrong key.
A. while B. but C. though D. because
3. Nam failed the final exam he was lazy.
A. while B. though C. because D. but
4. We watched TV the whole evening we had nothing better to do.
A. because B. though C. so D. but
5. We didn’t go for a walk it was very cold.
A. though B. because C. but D. so
6. They decided not to go out for a meal they were too tired.
A. so B. because C. but D. if
7. I’m learning English I want to get a better job.
A. or B. because C. therefore D. but
8. Last night we came to the show late the traffic was terrible.
A. although B. despite C. and D. because
9. Lan couldn’t pass the exam she is too lazy.
A. because B. because of C. although D. in spite of
10. his broken leg, he didn’t come to class yesterday.
A. because B. because of C. despite D. so
Exercise 3: Complete the sentences with because/ because of.
1. We delayed our trip BECAUSE OF the bad weather.
2. Sue’s eyes were red BECAUSE she had been crying.
3. My mother is always complaining BECAUSE OF the untidiness of my room.
4. The water in most river is unsafe to drink BECAUSE it’s polluted.
5. The trees were bend over BECAUSE OF the wind.
6. You can’t enter this secure areas BECAUSE you don’t have an official permit.
7. It’s unsafe to travel in that country BECAUSE OF the ongoing civil war.
8. Several people in the crowd became ill and fainted BECAUSE OF the extreme heat.
9. Mark didn’t go to work yesterday BECAUSE he didn’t feel well.
10. We couldn’t get into the disco BECAUSE OF the enormous crowd.
Exercise 4: Complete the sentences with because/ because of.
1. I went home early BECAUSE I was feeling unwell.
2. We decided not to go out for a meal BECAUSE we were simply too tired.
3. I couldn’t get to sleep BECAUSE OF the noise.
4. He only accepted the job BECAUSE OF the salary, which was very high.
5. Sarah can’t climb up the tree BECAUSE OF her fear of heights.
6. BECAUSE OF his age, John was not hired ALTHOUGH he had the necessary qualifications.
7. Mary came to class late BECAUSE her motorbike had a puncture.
8. Sandy didn’t go to school yesterday BECAUSE she was sick.
9. She went to bed early BECAUSE OF her tiredness.
10. I couldn’t do the test BECAUSE it was too difficult.
Exercise 5: Rewrite the sentences, using because/because of
1. He didn’t come because of his sickness.
BECAUSE HE WAS SICK, He didn’t come
2. The train was late because the fog was thick.
BECAUSE OF THE THICK FOG, The train was late
3. The plane couldn’t take off because of the bad weather.
BECAUSE THE WEATHER WAS BAD, The plane couldn’t take off
4. He left the school because his family was poor.
BECAUSE OF HIS FAMILY'S POVERTY,The plane couldn’t take off
5. We couldn’t study because of the noise.
BECAUSE IT WAS TOO NOISE, We couldn’t study
6. I didn’t go swimming because it was cold.
BECAUSE OF THE COLD, I didn’t go swimming
7. These students arrive late because of the bad traffic.
BECAUSE THE TRAFFIC WAS BAD, These students arrive late
8. Mary can’t sleep because she has drunk a cup of strong coffee.
BECAUSE OF DRINKING A CUP OF STRONG COFFEE, MARY CAN'T SLEEP
9. Because of getting up early, he wasn’t late for the first train.
BECAUSE HE GOT UP EARLY, he wasn’t late for the first train.
Adjective or adverb? Circle the correct word in each pair.
1. Edward felt sleepy/ sleepily after a big meal.
2. The theatre got quiet/ quietly when the movie began.
3. Leroy smiled cheerful/ cheerfully when the teacher gave him his grade.
4. That car looks quite comfortable/ comfortably
5. She tasted the spaghetti sauce careful/ carefully because it was very hot.
6. He grew more and more angry/angrily as she told him the story.
7. Marsha sighed heavy/ heavily at the thought of all the work she had to do.
8. A trip to the country sounds wonderful/ wonderfully.
9. They sounded alarm loud/ loudly when they smelled the smoke of the fire.
10. When her dog died, she cried very hard/ hardly for half an hour
11. The sun was shining bright/ brightly when we arrived at the beach.
12. You haven't cleaned the floor proper/properly. It's still dirty/ dirtily.
13. There was a terrible/ terribly accident on this road two days ago. Two people was killed and the driver of the car was serious/ seriously injured.
14. Rose seemed very unhappy/unhappily. She smiled sad/ sadly at me when she saw me.
15. He plays the piano very good/ well for someone of his age. He is a good/ well young pianist.
Match the two halves of the sentence. Then write the full sentence, using the word in bracket.
1.Because of being suffered from a bad cold,Jim was absent from class yesterday.
2.They decided to move the house so as to travel a short distance to work.
3.Although the weather is cold,she wasn't wearing a cold.
4.Because of the heavy rain,i couldn't go to school.
5.He opened the window in order that he wanted to let fresh air in.
6.I've just a CD player,so that i want to give it to my daughter for her birthday.
7.As there was an accident,i was late.
8.Due to her bad grades,she failed the University entrance exam.
9.Because of the polluted water,The fish are dead.
!!!!
I. Điền vào “because” hay “because of” :
1. It was difficult to deliver the letter (phát/giao thư)……because………….the sender had written the wrong address on the envelope.
2. We decided to leave early ……because………….the party was boring.
3. Rescue attempts (nổ lực giải cứu) were temporarily (tạm thời) stopped ……because of….the bad weather.
4. They visited their friends often …………because……they enjoyed their company.
5. Paul can’t go to the football game…because of………..his grades.
6. Marcella was awarded a scholarship ( được thưởng học bổng) …because of……her superior scholastic ability. (Khả năng học tập vượt trội.)
7. Nobody ventured outdoors (đi ra ngoài)………because of……the hurricane warning. (cảnh báo có bão)
8. We plan to spend our vacation in the mountains ………because ……the air is purer (sạch hơn) there.
9. We have to drive around the bay ……because….the bridge was destroyed in the storm.
10. The chickens have died …because of………..the intense heat.
I. Điền vào “because” hay “because of” :
1. It was difficult to deliver the letter (phát/giao thư)………because……….the sender had written the wrong address on the envelope.
2. We decided to leave early ……because………….the party was boring.
3. Rescue attempts (nổ lực giải cứu) were temporarily (tạm thời) stopped ……because of….the bad weather.
4. They visited their friends often ………because………they enjoyed their company.
5. Paul can’t go to the football game………because of…..his grades.
6. Marcella was awarded a scholarship ( được thưởng học bổng) ………her superior scholastic ability. (Khả năng học tập vượt trội.)
7. Nobody ventured outdoors (đi ra ngoài)……because of………the hurricane warning. (cảnh báo có bão)
8. We plan to spend our vacation in the mountains ……because………the air is purer (sạch hơn) there.
9. We have to drive around the bay ……because….the bridge was destroyed in the storm.
10. The chickens have died ……because of……..the intense heat.
Adverb clause of reason :
1.They like him because he is kind.
➝Because of his kindness,they like him
2. I can't sleep because it is cold
➝Because of the cold weather,I can't sleep
3. We came late because there was a traffic jam
➝Because of I can't sleep the traffic jam,we came late
4. She went to bed early because she felt tired
➝Because of her tiredness ,she went to bed early
5. The test is difficult, so we can't do it
➝Because The test is difficult, we can't do it
6. They đin't go for a picnic because there was a storm
➝Because of a storm,they đin't go for a picnic
7. I can't study because it is noisy outside
➝Because of being noisy outside,I can't study
8. All the teacher love him because his conduct is good
➝Because of his good conduct ,all the teacher love him
9. Because she didn't get up early, she missedthe first bus
➝Because of not getting up early, she missedthe first bus
10. Because there was a strike, the workers stopped working
➝Because of a strike, the workers stopped working
11. We couldn't drive because the streets are crowded
➝Because of the crowded streets ,we couldn't drive
12. She worked very hard to earn a lot of money because her mother was sick
➝Because of her mother's sickness,She worked very hard to earn a lot of money
13. She didn't go to school because she was sick
➝Because of her sickness,She didn't go to school
14. Because it snowed continuously, we couldn't go out
➝Because of the continuous snow, we couldn't go out
15. The accident happened because the driver was careless
➝Because of the careless driver ,the accident happened
16. Because the door was broken, we decied to fix it
➝Because of the broken door , we decied to fix it
17. Because my friend was absent, I must copy all lesson for him
➝Because of my friend's absence , I must copy all lesson for him
18. Although she was clever, she didn't succeed
➝ In spite of being clever, she didn't succeed
19. Although my grandfather is cold, he walks to the pagoda every day
➝In spite of being cold, my grandfather walks to the pagoda every day
20. He is unhappy though he has good salary
➝In spite of having good salary,He is unhappy
Adverb clause of reason :
1.They like him because he is kind.
➝Because of his kindness, they like him
2. I can't sleep because it is cold
➝ Because of the cold weather, I can't sleep
3. We came late because there was a traffic jam
➝ Because of the traffic jam, we came late
4. She went to bed early because she felt tired
➝ Because of feeling tired, she went to bed early
5. The test is difficult, so we can't do it
➝ Because of the difficult test, we can't do it
6. They đin't go for a picnic because there was a storm
➝ Because of the storm, they didn't go for a picnic
7. I can't study because it is noisy outside
➝ Because of the noise outside, I can't study
8. All the teacher love him because his conduct is good
➝ All the teacher love him because of his good conduct
9. Because she didn't get up early, she missedthe first bus
➝ She missed the first bus because of not getting up early
10. Because there was a strike, the workers stopped working
➝ Because of the strike, the workers stopped working
11. We couldn't drive because the streets are crowded
➝ Because of the crowded streets, we couldn't drive
12. She worked very hard to earn a lot of money because her mother was sick
➝ Because of her mother's sickness, she worked very hard to earn a lot of money
13. She didn't go to school because she was sick
➝ She didn't go to school because of her sickness
14. Because it snowed continuously, we couldn't go out
➝ Because of the continuous snow, we couldn't go out
15. The accident happened because the driver was careless
➝ The accident happened because of the careless driver
16. Because the door was broken, we decied to fix it
➝ Because of the broken door, we decided to fix it
17. Because my friend was absent, I must copy all lesson for him
➝ Because of my friend's absence, I must copy all lesson for him
18. Although she was clever, she didn't succeed
➝ In spite of her cleverness, she didn't succeed
19. Although my grandfather is cold, he walks to the pagoda every day
➝ Despite being cold, my grandfather walks to the pagoda every day
20. He is unhappy though he has good salary
➝ Inspite of his good salary, he is unhappy
EXERCISE I:Write who, that, which, or nothing to complete these sentences :
1.Have you got the money _____which______ I lent you yesterday ?
2.Peter, _____whom______ I had seen earlier, wasn’t at the party. 3.This is the machine ______which_____ cost half a million pounds.
4.Mary, ______who_____ had been listening to the conversation, looked angry.
5.Have you read the book ___which________ I gave you ?
6.The hous, ______which_____ they bought three months ago, looks lovely.
7.Mrs.Jackson, ___who________ had been very ill, died yesterday.
8.Is this the person ___who________ stole your handbag ?
9.The dog, ______which_____ had been very quiet, suddenly started barking.
10.I didn’t receive the letters __which_________ she sent me.
11.My mother, ________who___ hadn’t been expecting visitors, looked surprised.
12.The old man, _who_____ had been talking to them earlier, knew that they were in thebuilding.
13.The horse, _____which____ had been injured by the flying stones, was very frightened.
14.We didn’t like the secetary __whom_________ the agency sent.
15.I didn’t find the money ______which_____ you said you’d left.
EXERCISE I:Write who, that, which, or nothing to complete these sentences :
1.Have you got the money ___that________ I lent you yesterday ?
2.Peter, _____that______ I had seen earlier, wasn’t at the party.
3.This is the machine ____which_______ cost half a million pounds.
4.Mary, ______who_____ had been listening to the conversation, looked angry.
5.Have you read the book ___that________ I gave you ?
6.The hous, _____which______ they bought three months ago, looks lovely.
7.Mrs.Jackson, _____who______ had been very ill, died yesterday.
8.Is this the person ____who_______ stole your handbag ?
9.The dog, _____which______ had been very quiet, suddenly started barking.
10.I didn’t receive the letters ____that_______ she sent me.
11.My mother, _____who______ hadn’t been expecting visitors, looked surprised.
12.The old man, __who____ had been talking to them earlier, knew that they were in thebuilding.
13.The horse, _____which____ had been injured by the flying stones, was very frightened.
14.We didn’t like the secetary ____which_______ the agency sent.
15.I didn’t find the money _____which______ you said you’d left.