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a, Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{C_2H_5OH}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{CH_3COOH}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
2C2H5OH + 2Na ---> 2C2H5ONa + H2
a---------------------------------------->0,5a
2CH3COOH + 2Na ---> 2CH3COONa + H2
b------------------------------------------------>0,5b
=> hệ pt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}46a+60b=48,8\\0,5a+0,5b=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,8\left(mol\right)\\b=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{C_2H_5OH}=0,8.46=36,8\left(g\right)\\m_{CH_3COOH}=0,2.60=12\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{36,8}{48,8}.100\%=75,41\%\\\%m_{CH_3COOH}=100\%-75,41\%=24,59\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, PTHH:
\(C_2H_5OH+CH_3COOH\xrightarrow[t^o]{H_2SO_4đặc}CH_3COOC_2H_5+H_2O\)
LTL: 0,8 > 0,2 => Rượu dư
\(n_{CH_3COOC_2H_5\left(tt\right)}=0,2.85\%=0,17\left(mol\right)\\ m_{este}=0,17.88=14,96\left(g\right)\)
a.Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{C_2H_5OH}=x\\n_{CH_3COOH}=y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5mol\)
\(2C_2H_5OH+2Na\rightarrow2C_2H_5ONa+H_2\)
x 1/2 x ( mol )
\(2CH_3COOH+Na\rightarrow2CH_3COONa+H_2\)
y 1/2 y ( mol )
Ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}46x+60y=48,8\\\dfrac{1}{2}x+\dfrac{1}{2}y=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,8\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow m_{C_2H_5OH}=0,8.46=36,8g\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{36,8}{48,8}.100=75,4\%\\\%m_{CH_3COOH}=100\%-75,4\%=24,6\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b.\(C_2H_5OH+CH_3COOH\rightarrow\left(H_2SO_4\left(đ\right),t^o\right)CH_3COOC_2H_5+H_2O\)
0,8 < 0,2 ( mol )
0,2 0,2 ( mol )
\(m_{CH_3COOC_2H_5}=0,2.88.85\%=14,96g\)
\(a.Mg+2HCl->MgCl_2+H_2\\ MgO+2HCl->MgCl_2+H_2O\\ b.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=n_{Mg}=0,1mol\\ \%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1.24}{6}=40\%;\%m_{MgO}=60\%\\ n_{MgO}=\dfrac{0,6.6}{40}=0,09\left(mol\right)\\ n_{MgCl_2}=0,1+0,09=0,19\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=0,19.2=0,38\left(mol\right)\\ V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,38.36,5}{0,2.1,1}=63,0\left(mL\right)\\ C_{M\left(MgCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,19}{0,063}=3,0\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(CH_3COOH+Na\rightarrow CH_3COONa+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\)
0,1 0,1
\(C_2H_5OH+Na\rightarrow C_2H_5ONa+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\)
0,1 0,1
Theo pthh có: \(n_A=2nH_2=2.0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi x, y là số mol của rượu và axit có trong hh A.
có hệ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0,2\\60x+46y=10,6\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> x = y = 0,1
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%_{m_{CH_3COOH}}=\dfrac{60.0,1.100}{10,6}=56,6\%\\\%_{m_{C_2H_5OH}}=100-56,6=43,4\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{muối}=m_{CH_3COONa}+m_{C_2H_5ONa}=82.0,1+68.0,1=15\left(g\right)\)
100 - 56,6 sao bằng 43,4%
Xem lại đơn vị
a) Gọi số mol CH3COOH, C2H5OH là a, b (mol)
=> 60a + 46b = 25,8 (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Na + 2CH3COOH --> 2CH3COONa + H2
a------------------------->0,5a
2Na + 2C2H5OH --> 2C2H5ONa + H2
b--------------------->0,5b
=> 0,5a + 0,5b = 0,25 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,2 (mol); b = 0,3 (mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{0,2.60}{25,8}.100\%=46,51\%\\\%m_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{0,3.46}{25,8}.100\%=53,49\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)
\(n_{CH_3COOC_2H_5}=\dfrac{13,2}{88}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CH3COOH + C2H5OH --H2SO4(đ),to--> CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}\) => Hiệu suất tính theo CH3COOH
PTHH: CH3COOH + C2H5OH --H2SO4(đ),to--> CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
0,15<---------------------------------0,15
=> \(H=\dfrac{0,15}{0,2}.100\%=75\%\)
