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Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\\n_{Zn}=y\\n_{Cu}=z\end{matrix}\right.\) ( mol )
\(m_{hh}=27x+65y+64z=22,8\left(g\right)\) (1)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
x 1,5x ( mol )
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
y y ( mol )
\(n_{H_2}=1,5x+y=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\) (2)
B là Cu
\(2Cu+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2CuO\)
z z ( mol )
\(n_{CuO}=z=\dfrac{5,5}{80}=0,06875\left(mol\right)\) (3)
\(\left(1\right);\left(2\right);\left(3\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,2\\z=0,06875\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Zn}=0,2.65=13\left(g\right)\\m_{Cu}=22,8-5,4-13=4,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
2Al +6HCl-> 2AlCl3+3H2
0,6--------------------------0,9
Al2O3+6HCl-> 2AlCl3+3H2O
n H2=0,9 mol
=>m Al=0,6.27=16,2g
=>%mAl=\(\dfrac{16,2}{36,6}100\)=44,26%
=>%m Al2O3=55,74%
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{20,16}{22,4}=0,9mol\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
0,6 0,9
\(m_{Al}=0,6\cdot27=16,2g\)
\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{16,2}{36,6}\cdot100\%=44,26\%\)
\(\%m_{Al_2O_3}=100\%-44,26\%=55,73\%\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{20,16}{22,4}=0,9mol\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
0,6 0,9 ( mol )
( \(Al_2O_3+HCl\) không giải phóng \(H_2\) )
\(\rightarrow m_{Al}=0,6.27=16,2g\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{16,2}{36,6}.100=44,26\%\\\%m_{Al_2O_3}=100\%-44,26\%=55,74\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{2,75}{80}=0,034375mol\\ 2Cu+O_2\rightarrow2CuO\)
0,034375 0,0171875 0,034375
\(m_{Al,Mg}=10-0,034375.64=7,8g\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{9,916}{22,79}=0,4mol\\ n_{Al}=a;n_{Mg}=b\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=7,8\\1,5a+b=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow a=0,2;b=0,1\\ \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27.0,2}{10}\cdot100=54\%\\ \%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1.24}{10}\cdot1=24\%\\ \%m_{Cu}=100-54-24=22\%\\ 4Al+3O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^0}2Al_2O_3\left(2\right)\\ n_{O_2\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{0,2.3}{4}=0,15mol\\ 2Mg+O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^0}2MgO\left(3\right)\\ n_{O_2\left(3\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{2}=0,05mol\\ V_{O_2}=\left(0,0171875+0,15+0,05\right).24,79\approx5,384l\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(AlCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\)
\(FeCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_2+2NaCl\)
\(NaOH+Al\left(OH\right)_3\rightarrow NaAlO_2+2H_2O\)
\(4Fe\left(OH\right)_2+O_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}2Fe_2O_3+4H_2O\)
Ta có :
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
Dựa vào PTHH ta thấy :
\(n_{Fe}=2\cdot n_{Fe_2O_3}=2\cdot0.1=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Fe}=0.2\cdot56=11.2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al}=19.3-11.2=8.1\left(g\right)\)
\(\%Al=\dfrac{8.1}{19.3}\cdot100\%=41.96\%\)
\(a) m_{Cu} = 9,6(gam)\\ n_{Al} = a(mol) ; n_{Fe} = b(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 27a + 56b = 16,55 -9,6 =6,95(1)\\ 2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\\ Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{H_2} = 1,5a + b = \dfrac{3,92}{22,4} = 0,175(2)\\ (1)(2) \Rightarrow a = 0,05 ; b = 0,1\\ m_{Al} = 0,05.27 = 1,35(gam); n_{Fe} = 0,1.56 = 5,6(gam)\)
\(b) n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 0,175.2 = 0,35(mol) \Rightarrow m_{HCl} = 0,35.36,5 = 12,775(gam)\)
a, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,896}{22,4}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl2 + H2
0,04<-----------------------0,04
\(m_{Cu}=3,52-0,04.56=1,28\left(g\right)\)
Bảo toàn O: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{O\left(oxit\right)}=\dfrac{4,8-3,52}{16}=0,08\left(mol\right)\\n_{O\left(CuO\right)}=n_{Cu}=\dfrac{1,28}{64}=0,02\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(n_{O\left(Fe_xO_y\right)}=0,08-0,02=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:CuO + H2 --to--> Cu + H2O
0,02<--------------0,02
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CuO}=\dfrac{0,02.80}{4,8}.100\%=33,33\%\\\%m_{Fe_xO_y}=100\%-33,33\%=66,67\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, CTHH là FexOy
=> x : y = 0,04 : 0,06 = 2 : 3
=> CTHH là Fe2O3