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\(n_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{10,6}{106}=0,1mol\)
Na2CO3+H2SO4\(\rightarrow\)Na2SO4+CO2+H2O
\(n_{Na_2SO_4}=n_{CO_2}=n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,1mol\)
\(m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,1.142=14,2gam\)
\(V_{CO_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24l\)
\(n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0,3.0,5=0,15mol\)
\(\dfrac{n_{CO_2}}{n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,15}\approx0,67< 1\rightarrow\)Tạo muối trung hòa CaCO3 và Ca(OH)2 dư:
CO2+Ca(OH)2\(\rightarrow\)CaCO3+H2O
\(n_{CaCO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,1mol\)
\(m_{CaCO_3}=0,1.100.\dfrac{80}{100}=8gam\)
PTHH: K2CO3 + 2 HCl ->2 KCl + H2O + CO2
x___________2x______2x____________x(mol)
KHCO3 + HCl -> KCl + H2O + CO2
y____y__________y_______y(mol)
mHCl= 27,375.0,2= 5,475
Ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2.36,5x+36,5y=5,475\\22,4x+22,4y=2,24\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,05\left(mol\right)\\x=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
mK2CO3= 0,05.138= 6,9(g)
mKHCO3= 0,05.100=5(g)
=> %mK2CO3= (6,9/11,9).100=57,893%
=> %mKHCO3= 100%- 57,893%= 42,107%
c) mKCl= 0,15. 74,5=11,175(g)
mddKCl= mhh+ mddHCl - mCO2= 11,9+27,375- 0,1.44=34,875(g)
=> C%ddKCl = (11,175/34,875).100=32,043%
2Al+3H2SO4\(\rightarrow\)Al2(SO4)3+3H2
MgO+H2SO4\(\rightarrow\)MgSO4+H2O
nH2=\(\frac{3,36}{22,4}\)=0,15(mol)
\(\rightarrow\)nAl=\(\frac{0,15.2}{3}\)=0,1(mol)
mAl=0,1.27=2,7(g)\(\rightarrow\)\(\text{mMgO=12,7-2,7=10(g)}\)
b)
nH2SO4=\(\frac{3}{2}\)xnAl+nMgO=0,15+\(\frac{10}{40}\)=0,4(mol)
mddH2SO4=\(\frac{\text{0,4.98}}{20\%}\)=196(g)
c)
\(\text{ mdd=12,7+196-0,15.2=208,4(g)}\)
C%Al2(SO4)3=\(\frac{\text{0,05.342}}{208,4}.100\%\)=8,2%
C%MgSO4=\(\frac{\text{0,25.120}}{208,4}.100\%\)=14,4%
nH2 = \(\frac{1,68}{22,4}\) = 0,075 (mol)
Mg + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\) MgCl2 + H2\(\uparrow\) (1)
0,075 <--------0,075 <--0,075 (mol)
MgO + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\) MgCl2 + H2O (2)
%mMg= \(\frac{0,075.24}{5,8}\) . 100% = 31,03 %
%m MgO = 68,97%
nMgO = \(\frac{5,8-0,075.24}{40}\) = 0,1 (mol)
Theo pt(2) nMgCl2 = nMgO= 0,1 (mol)
mdd sau pư = 5,8 + 194,35 - 0,075.2 = 200 (g)
C%(MgCl2) = \(\frac{95\left(0,075+0,1\right)}{200}\) . 100% = 8,3125%
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{1,6}{80}=0,02mol\)
CuO+H2SO4\(\rightarrow\)CuSO4+H2O
\(n_{CuSO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{CuO}=0,02mol\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,02.98=1,96gam\)
\(m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{1,96.100}{0,98}=200g\)
\(m_{CuSO_4}=0,02.160=3,2g\)
\(m_{dd}=1,6+200=201,6g\)
C%H2SO4=\(\dfrac{3,2}{201,6}.100\%\approx1,6\%\)
a,khi cho CuO tác dụng với dd H2SO4 ta có ptth:
CuO+H2SO4\(\rightarrow\)CuSO4+H2O(1)
theo đề bài và pthh(1) ta có:n CuO=1,6:80=0,02(mol)
nCuO=nH2SO4=0,02(mol)
mH2SO4=0,02\(\times\)98=1,96(g)
mdd H2SO4(0,98%)=1,96:(0,98:100)=200(g)
Vậy khối lượng dd H2SO4 đã dùng là 200(g)
b,theo pthh (1) và đề bài ta lại có:nCuSO4=0,02(mol)
mCuSO4=0,02\(\times\)160=3,2(g)
m dd=1,6+200=201,6(g)
C% CuSO4=\(\dfrac{3,2}{201,6}\)\(\times\)100%\(\approx\)1,59%
vậy nồng độ dd thu được là 1,59%
Ta có: \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(a.PTHH:Zn+H_2SO_4--->ZnSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
b. Theo PT: \(n_{ZnSO_4}=n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ZnSO_4}=0,1.161=16,1\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(lít\right)\)
c. Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=0,1.98=9,8\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(C_{\%_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{9,8}{m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}}.100\%=20\%\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=49\left(g\right)\)