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Bài 1:
Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Fe+4HNO_3\underrightarrow{t^o}Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3+NO+2H_2O\)
___0,1_____0,4_____0,1_______0,1 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HNO_3}=0,4.63=25,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHNO_3}=\dfrac{25,2}{6,3\%}=400\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: m dd sau pư = mFe + m dd HNO3 - mNO = 5,6 + 400 - 0,1.30 = 402,6 (g)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,1.242}{402,6}.100\%\approx6,01\%\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
Gọi số mol Cu, Fe là a, b (mol)
=> 64a + 56b = 17,6 (1)
\(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Fe + 6H2SO4 --> Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
b-------------------------------->1,5b
Cu + 2H2SO4 --> CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
a--------------------------->a
=> a + 1,5b = 0,4 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,1 (mol); b = 0,2 (mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{0,1.64}{17,6}.100\%=36,36\%\\\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,2.56}{17,6}.100\%=63,64\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a/nH2= 0,1(mol)
Fe + H2SO4 -> FeSO4 + H2
0,1_________________0,1(mol)
=> mFe=0,1.56=5,6(g)
=> %mFe= (5,6/12).100\(\approx\) 46,667%
=> %mCu \(\approx\) 100% - 46,667% \(\approx\) 53,333%
b) mCu= 12-5,6=6,4(g) -> nCu= 0,1(mol)
Cu + 2 H2SO4(đ) -to-> CuSO4 + SO2 + 2 H2O
0,1___0,2__________________0,1(mol)
V=V(SO2,đktc)=0,1.22,4=2,24(l)
mH2SO4(p.ứ)=0,2.98=19,6(g)
=> mH2SO4(bđ)= 19,6 x 100/90 \(\approx21,778\left(g\right)\)
=> mddH2SO4 \(\approx\) (21,778 x 100)/98\(\approx22,222\left(g\right)\)
a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
0,1<----------------------------0,15
=> \(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27}{7,5}.100\%=36\%\)
\(\%m_{Cu}=100\%-36\%=64\%\)
b) \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{7,5-0,1.27}{64}=0,075\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Cu + 2H2SO4 --> CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
0,075------------------------>0,075
2Al + 6H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
0,1----------------------------->0,15
=> VSO2 = (0,075 + 0,15).22,4 = 5,04 (l)
Ta có: \(n_{NO}+n_{NO_2}=\dfrac{0,56}{22,4}=0,025\left(mol\right)\left(1\right)\)
Mà: dhh/O2 = 1,1375
\(\Rightarrow30n_{NO}+46n_{NO_2}=0,025.1,1375.32=0,91\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NO}=0,015\left(mol\right)\\n_{NO_2}=0,01\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo ĐLBT e, có: 3nAl = 3nNO + nNO2 ⇒ nAl = 11/600 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al}=\dfrac{11}{600}.27=0,495\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Cu}=0,06mol\). Bỏa toàn e : \(2n_{Cu}=3n_{NO}\Rightarrow n_{NO}=0,04mol\)
Xét pư tổng :
\(2NO+1,5O_2+H_2O\rightarrow2HNO_3\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(n_{O_2}=0,03mol\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=0,672l\)
\(n_{Cu}=\frac{2,84}{64}=0,06\left(l\right)\)
bảo toàn e : \(2n_{Cu}=3n_{NO}\)
=> \(n_{NO}=\frac{2}{3}n_{Cu}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(2NO+1,5O_2+H_2O->2HNO_3\left(1\right)\)
theo (1) \(n_{O_2}=\frac{1,5}{2}n_{NO}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(V_{O_2}=0,03.22,4=0,672\left(l\right)\)