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a/ Gọi x,y lần lượt là số mol CuO và ZnO tham gia phản ứng
nHCl = 14,6/36,5 = 0,4 (mol)
PTHH : CuO + 2HCl -----> CuCl2 + H2O
(mol) x 2x x
ZnO + 2HCl -----> ZnCl2 + H2O
(mol) y 2y y
Ta có hệ pt : \(\begin{cases}80x+81y=16,08\\2x+2y=0,4\end{cases}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\begin{cases}x=0,12\\y=0,08\end{cases}\)
=> mCuO = 0,12.80 = 9,6 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\%CuO=\frac{9,6}{16,08}.100\approx59,7\%\)
=> %ZnO = 100% - 59,7% = 40,3%
b/ mCuCl2 = 0,12.135 = 16,2(g)
mZnCl2 = 0,08.136 = 10,88 (g)
\(n_{H_2}=a\left(mol\right)\)
\(\text{Coi hỗn hợp là : kim loại M}\)
\(2M+2nHCl\rightarrow2MCl_n+nH_2\)
\(\text{Từ PTHH ta thấy : }\)
\(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=2a\left(mol\right)\)
\(\text{Bảo toàn khối lượng : }\)
\(m_{hh}+m_{HCl}=m_{Muối}+m_{H_2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5+36.5\cdot2a=5.71+2a\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=0.01\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.01\cdot22.4=0.224\left(l\right)\)
\(b.\)
\(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}Cu+H_2O\)
\(FeO+H_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}Fe+H_2O\)
\(n_{H_2O}=n_{H_2}=0.01\left(mol\right)\)
\(\text{Bảo toàn khối lượng : }\)
\(m_{hh}=m_{kl}+m_{H_2O}-m_{H_2}=0.6+0.01\cdot18-0.01\cdot2=0.76\left(g\right)\)
a) Gọi n Zn = a(mol) ; n ZnO = b(mol)
=> 65a + 81b = 14,6(1)
$Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2$
$ZnO + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2O$
n ZnCl2 = a + b = 27,2/136 = 0,2(2)
Từ (1)(2) suy ra : a = b = 0,1
%m Zn = 0,1.65/14,6 .100% = 44,52%
%m ZnO = 100% -44,52% = 55,45%
b)
n HCl = 2n Zn + 2n ZnO = 0,4(mol)
m dd HCl = 0,4.36,5/7,3% = 200(gam)
\(n_{HCl}=1\cdot0,2=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\\ a,n_{MgO}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m=m_{MgO}=0,1\cdot40=4\left(g\right)\\ b,n_{MgCl_2}=n_{MgO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{MgCl_2}=0,1\cdot95=9,5\left(g\right)\\ c,m_{CT_{HCl}}=0,2\cdot36,5=7,3\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{7,3}{250}\cdot100\%=2,92\%\)
\(n_{H_2O}=n_{MgO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{H_2O}=0,1\cdot18=1,8\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{MgCl_2}}=4+250-1,8=252,2\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{9,5}{252,2}\cdot100\%\approx3,77\%\)
a, PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
b, Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=2n_{Fe}+2n_{Mg}=2x+2y\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}+n_{Mg}=x+y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=36,5.\left(2x+2y\right)=73\left(x+y\right)\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{73\left(x+y\right)}{20\%}=365\left(x+y\right)\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: m dd sau pư = mFe + mMg + m dd HCl - mH2 = 56x + 24y + 365.(x+y) - 2.(x+y) = 419x + 387y (g)
Theo PT: \(n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=y\left(mol\right)\)
\(C\%_{MgCl_2}=11,87\%\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{95y}{419x+387y}=0,1187\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}=0,9865\Rightarrow x=0,9865y\)
Theo PT: \(n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=x\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{127x}{419x+387y}.100\%=\dfrac{127.0,9865y}{419.0,9865y+387y}.100\%\approx15,65\%\)
a ) \(mol_{HCl}=0,5\)
\(\Rightarrow mol_{M\left(OH\right)_2}=0,25\)
Nồng độ mol trong : \(M\left(OH\right)_2=\frac{0,25}{0,5}=1,25M\)
b ) Bảo toàn khối lượng là xong :
Theo thứ tự của PT cân bằng thì : \(m_{M\left(OH\right)_2}+m_{HCl}=m_{MCl_2}+m_{H_2O}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m_{M\left(OH\right)_2}+18,25=52+9\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{M\left(OH\right)_2}=42,75g\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{M\left(OH\right)_2}=\frac{42,75}{0,25}=171g\)
\(\Rightarrow M\) là \(Bari\left(137\right)\)
c) Nồng độ mol đ sau PƯ sẽ là nồng độ mol của :
\(BaCl_2=\frac{mol_{BaCl_2}}{V_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}+V_{HCl}}=\frac{0,25}{0,2+0,2}=\frac{0,25}{0,4}=0,625M\)
\(n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{50}{250}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{27.8}{278}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(C_{M_{CuSO_4}}=C_{M_{FeSO_4}}=\dfrac{0.1}{0.1964}=0.5\left(M\right)\)
\(m_{dd_A}=50+27.8+196.4=274.2\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{0.1\cdot160}{274.2}\cdot100\%=6.47\%\)
\(C\%_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{0.1\cdot152}{274.2}\cdot100\%=5.54\%\)
\(n_{CuSO_4.5H_2O}=\dfrac{50}{250}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{CuSO_4}=0,2.160=32\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2O}=0,2.5.18=18\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{FeSO_4.7H_2O}=\dfrac{27,8}{278}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)=> \(m_{FeSO_4}=0,1.152=15,2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2O}=0,1.7.18=12,6\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{dd}=196,4+50+27,8=274,2\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{dd}=\dfrac{196,4+18+12,6}{1000}=0,227\left(l\right)\)
=> \(CM_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,227}=0,72M\)
\(C\%_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{32}{274,2}.100=11,67\%\)
\(CM_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,227}=0,44M\)
\(C\%_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{15,2}{274,2}.100=5,54\%\)
a)
$Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2$
$n_{ZnCl_2} = n_{Zn} = \dfrac{6,5}{65} = 0,1(mol)$
$m_{ZnCl_2} = 0,1.136 = 13,6(gam)$
b)
$n_{HCl} = 2n_{Zn} = 0,2(mol) \Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}} = \dfrac{0,2}{0,1} = 2M$
c)
CuO + H_2 \to Cu + H_2O$
$n_{CuO} = 0,125(mol) > n_{H_2} \to $ CuO$ dư
$n_{Cu} = n_{CuO\ pư} = n_{H_2} = 0,1(mol)$
$n_{CuO\ dư} = 0,125 - 0,1 = 0,025(mol)$
$\%m_{Cu} = \dfrac{0,1.64}{0,1.64 + 0,025.80}.100\% = 76,2\%$
$\%m_{CuO} = 23,8\%$
)
Zn+2HCl→ZnCl2+H2Zn+2HCl→ZnCl2+H2
nZnCl2=nZn=6,565=0,1(mol)nZnCl2=nZn=6,565=0,1(mol)
mZnCl2=0,1.136=13,6(gam)mZnCl2=0,1.136=13,6(gam)
b)
nHCl=2nZn=0,2(mol)⇒CMHCl=0,20,1=2MnHCl=2nZn=0,2(mol)⇒CMHCl=0,20,1=2M
c)
CuO + H_2 \to Cu + H_2O$
nCuO=0,125(mol)>nH2→nCuO=0,125(mol)>nH2→ CuO$ dư
nCu=nCuO pư=nH2=0,1(mol)nCu=nCuO pư=nH2=0,1(mol)
nCuO dư=0,125−0,1=0,025(mol)nCuO dư=0,125−0,1=0,025(mol)
%mCu=0,1.640,1.64+0,025.80.100%=76,2%%mCu=0,1.640,1.64+0,025.80.100%=76,2%
%mCuO=23,8%
\(a.Mg+2HCl->MgCl_2+H_2\\ Fe+2HCl->FeCl_2+H_2\\ b.Giả.sử:có:100g.dd.HCl\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{20\%.100}{36,5}=\dfrac{40}{73}mol\\ n_{Fe}=a;n_{Mg}=b\\ 2a+2b=\dfrac{40}{73}\\ BTKL:m_{ddsau}=56a+24b+100-2\left(a+b\right)=54a+22b+100\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{95b}{54a+22b+100}=\dfrac{11,787}{100}\\ -54a+783,97b=100\\ a=b=0,137\left(mol\right)\\ C\%FeCl_2=\dfrac{0,137\cdot127}{\dfrac{95\cdot0,137}{11,787\%}}\cdot100\%=15,757\%\)
Ta có PTHH :
CuO(x) + 2HCl(2x) -----> CuCl2(x) + H2O
ZnO(y) + 2HCl(2y) ------> ZnCl2(y) + H2O
Theo đề bài ta có Hệ :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}80x+81y=12,1\left(!\right)\\135x+136y=20,35\end{matrix}\right.\)
Từ (!)
=> \(x=\dfrac{12,1-81y}{80}\)
=> \(\dfrac{135\left(12,1-81y\right)}{80}+136y=20,35\)
Giải ra ta được y = 0,1 và x = 0,05
=> nHCl = 2x + 2y = 0,2 + 0,1 = 0,3 (mol)
=> 0,2a = 0,3
=> a = 1,5 (M)
E cảm ơnn ạ <3