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a) \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}:x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}:y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=11\\1,5x+y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> x=0,2 ; y=0,1
\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{11}.100==49,09\%\)
\(\%m_{Fe}=50,91\%\)
b) \(\Sigma n_{HCl}=3x+2y=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(V_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,8}{2}=0,4\left(lít\right)\)
c) \(CM_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,4}=0,5M\)
\(CM_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,4}=0,25M\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
x 2x x x
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
y 2y y y
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0,5\\24x+56y=23,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=0,15;y=0,35\)
\(a,m_{Mg}=0,15.24=3,6\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Fe}=19,6\left(g\right)\)
\(b,m_{HCl}=\left(0,3+0,7\right).36,5=36,5\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=1,14.200=228\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%=\dfrac{36,5}{228}.100\%=16\%\)
\(a.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5mol\\ n_{Mg}=a;n_{Fe}=b\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+56b=23,2\\a+b=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow a=0,15;b=0,35mol\\ m_{Mg}=0,15.24=3,6g\\ m_{Fe}=23,2-3,6=19,6g\\ b.m_{HCl}=\left(0,15+0,35\right).2.36,5=36,5g\\ m_{ddHCl}=1,14.200=228g\\ C_{\%HCl}=\dfrac{36,5}{228}\cdot100=16,01\%\)
\(PTHH:4Al+6HCl\rightarrow2Al_2Cl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
\(n_{Al}=\frac{3,78}{27}=0,14\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=\frac{3}{4}n_{Al}=0,105\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,105.22,4=2,352\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\frac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\frac{3}{2}.0,14=0,21\left(mol\right)\)
\(C_{M_{ddHCl}}=\frac{0,21}{0,2}=1,05\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{Al_2Cl_3}=\frac{1}{2}n_{Al}=\frac{1}{2}.0,14=0,07\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Al_2Cl_3}=0,07.160,5=11,235\left(g\right)\)
a) PTHH : \(Mg+2HCl-->MgCl_2+H_2\) (1)
\(Fe+2HCl-->FeCl_2+H_2\) (2)
Theo PTHH (1) và (2) : \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H2}=2.\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0.4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(can.dung\right)}=0,4:100.\left(100+10\right)=0,44\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M\left(ddHCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,44}{0,1}=4,4M\)
b) Có : \(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,44-0,4=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) => 24x + 56y = 8 (*)
Theo pthh (1) và (2) : \(\Sigma n_{H2}=n_{Mg}+n_{Fe}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2=x+y\) (**)
Từ (*) và (**) suy ra : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo PTHH (1) và (2) :
\(n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(MgCl2\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,1}=1\left(M\right)\\C_{M\left(FeCl2\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,1}=1\left(M\right)\\C_{M\left(HCl.dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,04}{0,1}=0,4\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2
Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2
nH2 = \(\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}\)=0,2 mol
Đặt số mol Mg, Fe lần lượt là x và y mol ta có hệ pt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0,2\\24x+56=8\end{matrix}\right.\)=> x = y = 0,1 mol
Theo pt => nHCl cần dùng = 0,1.2 + 0,1.2 = 0,4 mol
Nồng độ HCl cần dùng = \(\dfrac{0,4}{0,1}\)= 4M
b)
CFeCl2 = \(\dfrac{n}{V}\)= \(\dfrac{0,1}{0,1}\)= 1M , CMgCl2 = \(\dfrac{0,1}{0,1}\)= 1M
HCl dùng dư 10% so với lượng cần phản ứng là 0,4mol => nHCl dư = 0,4.10% = 0,04 mol
=> CHCl dư = \(\dfrac{0,04}{0,1}\)= 0,4 M
a)\(Fe+2HCl-->FeCl2+H2\)
\(n_{H2}=\frac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=n_{H2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(m=m_{Fe}=0,3.56=16,8\left(g\right)\)
b)\(n_{HCl}=2n_{H2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{HCl}=\frac{0,6}{2}=0,3\left(l\right)\)
c)\(n_{FeCl2}=n_{H2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(C_{M\left(FeCl2\right)}=\frac{0,3}{0,3}=1\left(M\right)\)