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Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,344}{22,4}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2 (1)
Al2O3 + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2 (2)
Theo PT(1): \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2}{3}.0,06=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,04.27=1,08\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al_2O_3}=2,1-1,08=1,02\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{1,02}{102}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT(1): \(n_{HCl}=3.n_{Al}=3.0,04=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT(2): \(n_{HCl}=6.n_{Al_2O_3}=6.0,01=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=\left(0,06+0,12\right).36,5=6,57\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(C_{\%_{HCl}}=\dfrac{6,57}{m_{dd_{HCl}}}.100\%=7,3\%\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd_{HCl}}=90\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1(mol)\\ Mg+2HCl\to MgCl_2+H_2\\ MgO+2HCl\to MgCl_2+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{Mg}=0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1.24}{6,4}.100\%=37,5\%\\ \Rightarrow \%_{MgO}=100\%-37,5\%=62,5\%\)
\(b,n_{MgO}=\dfrac{6,4-0,1.24}{40}=0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow n_{HCl}=2.0,1+2.0,1=0,4(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,5}=0,8(l)\\ c,n_{MgCl_2}=0,1+0,1=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C_{M_{MgCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,8}=0,25M\)
a) PTHH: \(Na_2SO_3+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+H_2O+SO_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{Na_2SO_3}=\dfrac{12,6}{126}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{SO_2}\) \(\Rightarrow V_{SO_2}=0,1\cdot22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
b) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{SO_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=1,4\cdot0,1=0,14\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Tạo muối trung hòa
PTHH: \(Ca\left(OH\right)_2+SO_2\rightarrow CaSO_3\downarrow+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CaSO_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{Ns_2SO_4}\\n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2\left(dư\right)}=0,04\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CaSO_3}=0,1\cdot120=12\left(g\right)\\m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,1\cdot142=14,2\left(g\right)\\m_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2\left(dư\right)}=0,04\cdot74=2,96\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Na_2SO_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Na_2SO_3+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+H_2O+SO_2\)
(mol) 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1
\(a.V_{SO_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
\(b.n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0,14\left(mol\right)\)
Do \(\dfrac{n_{OH}}{n_{SO_2}}=\dfrac{0,28}{0,1}=2.8>2\rightarrow\) Tạo muối trung hòa và Ca(OH)2 dư 0,04(mol)
\(PTHH:Ca\left(OH\right)_2+SO_2\rightarrow CaSO_3+H_2O\)
(mol) 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1
\(m_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2\left(du\right)}=0,04.74=2,96\left(g\right)\\ m_{CaSO_3}=12\left(g\right)\\ m_{H_2O}=0,1.18=1,8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{NaCl}=0,2.0,2=0,04\left(mol\right)\\ m_{NaCl}=0,04.58,5=2,34\left(g\right)\)
a) \(n_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{100.12\%}{60}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CH3COOH + NaHCO3 --> CH3COONa + CO2 + H2O
0,2-------->0,2----------->0,2--------->0,2
=> mNaHCO3 = 0,2.84 = 16,8 (g)
=> \(m_{dd.NaHCO_3}=\dfrac{16,8.100}{8,4}=200\left(g\right)\)
b) mCH3COONa = 0,2.82 = 16,4 (g)
mdd sau pư = 100 + 200 - 0,2.44 = 291,2 (g)
=> \(C\%_{dd.muối}=\dfrac{16,4}{291,2}.100\%=5,632\%\)
\(2Al + 6HCl \rightarrow 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\)
\(n_{Al}= \dfrac{5,4}{27}= 0,2 mol\)
Theo PTHH:
\(n_{AlCl_3}= n_{Al}= 0,2 mol\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}= 0,2 . 133,5=26,7 g\)
Theo PTHH:
\(n_{H_2}= \dfrac{3}{2} n_{Al}= 0,3 mol\)
\(\Rightarrow V= 0,3 . 22,4= 6,72 l\)
b)
Theo PTHH:
\(n_{HCl}= 3n_{Al}= 0,6 mol\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}= 0,6 . 36,5=21,9 g\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd HCl}= \dfrac{21,9 . 100}{15}= 146 g\) ( nếu ở tử là : 21,9 . 100% thì ở mẫu bạn chia cho 15% nhé)